mbari scripps moss landing san diego introduction to oceanography
TRANSCRIPT
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Introduction to Oceanography
Oceanography
The Science or Study of the Oceans
bull Geological Oceanography
bull Physical Oceanography
bull Chemical Oceanography
bull Biological Oceanography
Geological Oceanography
bull Study of earth at edge of ocean
bull Formation processes (seafloor)
bull Sediments
bull Rocks amp minerals
bull Geothermal vents
Physical Oceanography
bull How amp why oceans move
bull Weather
bull Heat transfer
bull Water cycles
bull Waves tides currents
bull Temperature
Chemical Oceanography
bull Composition amp history of seawater
bull Seawater processes amp interactions
bull Salinity
bull Dissolved gases
bull Nutrients
Biological Oceanography
bull Living organisms
bull Organisms relationships with each other and their environment
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
History of Oceanography
Early Times
bull Paleolithic and Neolithic periodsndash Hunting and food gathering ndash Ohlone Indians on Central Coast of California
bull The Egyptiansndash Offshore fishingndash Exploration- reed boats
bull The Phoeniciansndash Trade ndash Navy
Early Explorers and Traders
bull Ancient Civilizations (1500 BC ndash 500 AD)bull Interest in oceans driven by need to food and
tradingbull Egyptians - shipbuilding and coastal pilotingbull Phoenicians ndash North Africa excellent sailors
explored the Mediterranean traded with Britainbull May have circumnavigated Africa around 600 BCbull Arabs explored the Indian Oceanbull Polynesians ndash explored Pacific Ocean
From the ninth to sixth centuries BC they dominated the Mediterranean Sea establishing emporiums and colonies from Cyprus in the east to the Aegean Sea Italy North Africa and Spain in the west
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Ancient Classical Knowledge
bull Greeks an intellectual curiosity about the oceansbull Aristotle (~350 BC)bull Treatise on marine organismsbull observations of water cycle (hydrologic cycle) bull Library of Alexandria founded in 3rd century BCbull housed ldquoworldrsquos knowledgerdquobull Eratosthenes (~ 200 BC)bull bull 2nd librarian at Alexandriabull bull Calculated earthrsquos circumferencebull bull Invented latitude and longitude lines
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Oceanography
The Science or Study of the Oceans
bull Geological Oceanography
bull Physical Oceanography
bull Chemical Oceanography
bull Biological Oceanography
Geological Oceanography
bull Study of earth at edge of ocean
bull Formation processes (seafloor)
bull Sediments
bull Rocks amp minerals
bull Geothermal vents
Physical Oceanography
bull How amp why oceans move
bull Weather
bull Heat transfer
bull Water cycles
bull Waves tides currents
bull Temperature
Chemical Oceanography
bull Composition amp history of seawater
bull Seawater processes amp interactions
bull Salinity
bull Dissolved gases
bull Nutrients
Biological Oceanography
bull Living organisms
bull Organisms relationships with each other and their environment
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
History of Oceanography
Early Times
bull Paleolithic and Neolithic periodsndash Hunting and food gathering ndash Ohlone Indians on Central Coast of California
bull The Egyptiansndash Offshore fishingndash Exploration- reed boats
bull The Phoeniciansndash Trade ndash Navy
Early Explorers and Traders
bull Ancient Civilizations (1500 BC ndash 500 AD)bull Interest in oceans driven by need to food and
tradingbull Egyptians - shipbuilding and coastal pilotingbull Phoenicians ndash North Africa excellent sailors
explored the Mediterranean traded with Britainbull May have circumnavigated Africa around 600 BCbull Arabs explored the Indian Oceanbull Polynesians ndash explored Pacific Ocean
From the ninth to sixth centuries BC they dominated the Mediterranean Sea establishing emporiums and colonies from Cyprus in the east to the Aegean Sea Italy North Africa and Spain in the west
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Ancient Classical Knowledge
bull Greeks an intellectual curiosity about the oceansbull Aristotle (~350 BC)bull Treatise on marine organismsbull observations of water cycle (hydrologic cycle) bull Library of Alexandria founded in 3rd century BCbull housed ldquoworldrsquos knowledgerdquobull Eratosthenes (~ 200 BC)bull bull 2nd librarian at Alexandriabull bull Calculated earthrsquos circumferencebull bull Invented latitude and longitude lines
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Geological Oceanography
bull Study of earth at edge of ocean
bull Formation processes (seafloor)
bull Sediments
bull Rocks amp minerals
bull Geothermal vents
Physical Oceanography
bull How amp why oceans move
bull Weather
bull Heat transfer
bull Water cycles
bull Waves tides currents
bull Temperature
Chemical Oceanography
bull Composition amp history of seawater
bull Seawater processes amp interactions
bull Salinity
bull Dissolved gases
bull Nutrients
Biological Oceanography
bull Living organisms
bull Organisms relationships with each other and their environment
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
History of Oceanography
Early Times
bull Paleolithic and Neolithic periodsndash Hunting and food gathering ndash Ohlone Indians on Central Coast of California
bull The Egyptiansndash Offshore fishingndash Exploration- reed boats
bull The Phoeniciansndash Trade ndash Navy
Early Explorers and Traders
bull Ancient Civilizations (1500 BC ndash 500 AD)bull Interest in oceans driven by need to food and
tradingbull Egyptians - shipbuilding and coastal pilotingbull Phoenicians ndash North Africa excellent sailors
explored the Mediterranean traded with Britainbull May have circumnavigated Africa around 600 BCbull Arabs explored the Indian Oceanbull Polynesians ndash explored Pacific Ocean
From the ninth to sixth centuries BC they dominated the Mediterranean Sea establishing emporiums and colonies from Cyprus in the east to the Aegean Sea Italy North Africa and Spain in the west
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Ancient Classical Knowledge
bull Greeks an intellectual curiosity about the oceansbull Aristotle (~350 BC)bull Treatise on marine organismsbull observations of water cycle (hydrologic cycle) bull Library of Alexandria founded in 3rd century BCbull housed ldquoworldrsquos knowledgerdquobull Eratosthenes (~ 200 BC)bull bull 2nd librarian at Alexandriabull bull Calculated earthrsquos circumferencebull bull Invented latitude and longitude lines
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Physical Oceanography
bull How amp why oceans move
bull Weather
bull Heat transfer
bull Water cycles
bull Waves tides currents
bull Temperature
Chemical Oceanography
bull Composition amp history of seawater
bull Seawater processes amp interactions
bull Salinity
bull Dissolved gases
bull Nutrients
Biological Oceanography
bull Living organisms
bull Organisms relationships with each other and their environment
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
History of Oceanography
Early Times
bull Paleolithic and Neolithic periodsndash Hunting and food gathering ndash Ohlone Indians on Central Coast of California
bull The Egyptiansndash Offshore fishingndash Exploration- reed boats
bull The Phoeniciansndash Trade ndash Navy
Early Explorers and Traders
bull Ancient Civilizations (1500 BC ndash 500 AD)bull Interest in oceans driven by need to food and
tradingbull Egyptians - shipbuilding and coastal pilotingbull Phoenicians ndash North Africa excellent sailors
explored the Mediterranean traded with Britainbull May have circumnavigated Africa around 600 BCbull Arabs explored the Indian Oceanbull Polynesians ndash explored Pacific Ocean
From the ninth to sixth centuries BC they dominated the Mediterranean Sea establishing emporiums and colonies from Cyprus in the east to the Aegean Sea Italy North Africa and Spain in the west
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Ancient Classical Knowledge
bull Greeks an intellectual curiosity about the oceansbull Aristotle (~350 BC)bull Treatise on marine organismsbull observations of water cycle (hydrologic cycle) bull Library of Alexandria founded in 3rd century BCbull housed ldquoworldrsquos knowledgerdquobull Eratosthenes (~ 200 BC)bull bull 2nd librarian at Alexandriabull bull Calculated earthrsquos circumferencebull bull Invented latitude and longitude lines
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Chemical Oceanography
bull Composition amp history of seawater
bull Seawater processes amp interactions
bull Salinity
bull Dissolved gases
bull Nutrients
Biological Oceanography
bull Living organisms
bull Organisms relationships with each other and their environment
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
History of Oceanography
Early Times
bull Paleolithic and Neolithic periodsndash Hunting and food gathering ndash Ohlone Indians on Central Coast of California
bull The Egyptiansndash Offshore fishingndash Exploration- reed boats
bull The Phoeniciansndash Trade ndash Navy
Early Explorers and Traders
bull Ancient Civilizations (1500 BC ndash 500 AD)bull Interest in oceans driven by need to food and
tradingbull Egyptians - shipbuilding and coastal pilotingbull Phoenicians ndash North Africa excellent sailors
explored the Mediterranean traded with Britainbull May have circumnavigated Africa around 600 BCbull Arabs explored the Indian Oceanbull Polynesians ndash explored Pacific Ocean
From the ninth to sixth centuries BC they dominated the Mediterranean Sea establishing emporiums and colonies from Cyprus in the east to the Aegean Sea Italy North Africa and Spain in the west
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Ancient Classical Knowledge
bull Greeks an intellectual curiosity about the oceansbull Aristotle (~350 BC)bull Treatise on marine organismsbull observations of water cycle (hydrologic cycle) bull Library of Alexandria founded in 3rd century BCbull housed ldquoworldrsquos knowledgerdquobull Eratosthenes (~ 200 BC)bull bull 2nd librarian at Alexandriabull bull Calculated earthrsquos circumferencebull bull Invented latitude and longitude lines
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Biological Oceanography
bull Living organisms
bull Organisms relationships with each other and their environment
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
History of Oceanography
Early Times
bull Paleolithic and Neolithic periodsndash Hunting and food gathering ndash Ohlone Indians on Central Coast of California
bull The Egyptiansndash Offshore fishingndash Exploration- reed boats
bull The Phoeniciansndash Trade ndash Navy
Early Explorers and Traders
bull Ancient Civilizations (1500 BC ndash 500 AD)bull Interest in oceans driven by need to food and
tradingbull Egyptians - shipbuilding and coastal pilotingbull Phoenicians ndash North Africa excellent sailors
explored the Mediterranean traded with Britainbull May have circumnavigated Africa around 600 BCbull Arabs explored the Indian Oceanbull Polynesians ndash explored Pacific Ocean
From the ninth to sixth centuries BC they dominated the Mediterranean Sea establishing emporiums and colonies from Cyprus in the east to the Aegean Sea Italy North Africa and Spain in the west
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Ancient Classical Knowledge
bull Greeks an intellectual curiosity about the oceansbull Aristotle (~350 BC)bull Treatise on marine organismsbull observations of water cycle (hydrologic cycle) bull Library of Alexandria founded in 3rd century BCbull housed ldquoworldrsquos knowledgerdquobull Eratosthenes (~ 200 BC)bull bull 2nd librarian at Alexandriabull bull Calculated earthrsquos circumferencebull bull Invented latitude and longitude lines
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
History of Oceanography
Early Times
bull Paleolithic and Neolithic periodsndash Hunting and food gathering ndash Ohlone Indians on Central Coast of California
bull The Egyptiansndash Offshore fishingndash Exploration- reed boats
bull The Phoeniciansndash Trade ndash Navy
Early Explorers and Traders
bull Ancient Civilizations (1500 BC ndash 500 AD)bull Interest in oceans driven by need to food and
tradingbull Egyptians - shipbuilding and coastal pilotingbull Phoenicians ndash North Africa excellent sailors
explored the Mediterranean traded with Britainbull May have circumnavigated Africa around 600 BCbull Arabs explored the Indian Oceanbull Polynesians ndash explored Pacific Ocean
From the ninth to sixth centuries BC they dominated the Mediterranean Sea establishing emporiums and colonies from Cyprus in the east to the Aegean Sea Italy North Africa and Spain in the west
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Ancient Classical Knowledge
bull Greeks an intellectual curiosity about the oceansbull Aristotle (~350 BC)bull Treatise on marine organismsbull observations of water cycle (hydrologic cycle) bull Library of Alexandria founded in 3rd century BCbull housed ldquoworldrsquos knowledgerdquobull Eratosthenes (~ 200 BC)bull bull 2nd librarian at Alexandriabull bull Calculated earthrsquos circumferencebull bull Invented latitude and longitude lines
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
History of Oceanography
Early Times
bull Paleolithic and Neolithic periodsndash Hunting and food gathering ndash Ohlone Indians on Central Coast of California
bull The Egyptiansndash Offshore fishingndash Exploration- reed boats
bull The Phoeniciansndash Trade ndash Navy
Early Explorers and Traders
bull Ancient Civilizations (1500 BC ndash 500 AD)bull Interest in oceans driven by need to food and
tradingbull Egyptians - shipbuilding and coastal pilotingbull Phoenicians ndash North Africa excellent sailors
explored the Mediterranean traded with Britainbull May have circumnavigated Africa around 600 BCbull Arabs explored the Indian Oceanbull Polynesians ndash explored Pacific Ocean
From the ninth to sixth centuries BC they dominated the Mediterranean Sea establishing emporiums and colonies from Cyprus in the east to the Aegean Sea Italy North Africa and Spain in the west
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Ancient Classical Knowledge
bull Greeks an intellectual curiosity about the oceansbull Aristotle (~350 BC)bull Treatise on marine organismsbull observations of water cycle (hydrologic cycle) bull Library of Alexandria founded in 3rd century BCbull housed ldquoworldrsquos knowledgerdquobull Eratosthenes (~ 200 BC)bull bull 2nd librarian at Alexandriabull bull Calculated earthrsquos circumferencebull bull Invented latitude and longitude lines
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Early Times
bull Paleolithic and Neolithic periodsndash Hunting and food gathering ndash Ohlone Indians on Central Coast of California
bull The Egyptiansndash Offshore fishingndash Exploration- reed boats
bull The Phoeniciansndash Trade ndash Navy
Early Explorers and Traders
bull Ancient Civilizations (1500 BC ndash 500 AD)bull Interest in oceans driven by need to food and
tradingbull Egyptians - shipbuilding and coastal pilotingbull Phoenicians ndash North Africa excellent sailors
explored the Mediterranean traded with Britainbull May have circumnavigated Africa around 600 BCbull Arabs explored the Indian Oceanbull Polynesians ndash explored Pacific Ocean
From the ninth to sixth centuries BC they dominated the Mediterranean Sea establishing emporiums and colonies from Cyprus in the east to the Aegean Sea Italy North Africa and Spain in the west
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Ancient Classical Knowledge
bull Greeks an intellectual curiosity about the oceansbull Aristotle (~350 BC)bull Treatise on marine organismsbull observations of water cycle (hydrologic cycle) bull Library of Alexandria founded in 3rd century BCbull housed ldquoworldrsquos knowledgerdquobull Eratosthenes (~ 200 BC)bull bull 2nd librarian at Alexandriabull bull Calculated earthrsquos circumferencebull bull Invented latitude and longitude lines
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Early Explorers and Traders
bull Ancient Civilizations (1500 BC ndash 500 AD)bull Interest in oceans driven by need to food and
tradingbull Egyptians - shipbuilding and coastal pilotingbull Phoenicians ndash North Africa excellent sailors
explored the Mediterranean traded with Britainbull May have circumnavigated Africa around 600 BCbull Arabs explored the Indian Oceanbull Polynesians ndash explored Pacific Ocean
From the ninth to sixth centuries BC they dominated the Mediterranean Sea establishing emporiums and colonies from Cyprus in the east to the Aegean Sea Italy North Africa and Spain in the west
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Ancient Classical Knowledge
bull Greeks an intellectual curiosity about the oceansbull Aristotle (~350 BC)bull Treatise on marine organismsbull observations of water cycle (hydrologic cycle) bull Library of Alexandria founded in 3rd century BCbull housed ldquoworldrsquos knowledgerdquobull Eratosthenes (~ 200 BC)bull bull 2nd librarian at Alexandriabull bull Calculated earthrsquos circumferencebull bull Invented latitude and longitude lines
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
From the ninth to sixth centuries BC they dominated the Mediterranean Sea establishing emporiums and colonies from Cyprus in the east to the Aegean Sea Italy North Africa and Spain in the west
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Ancient Classical Knowledge
bull Greeks an intellectual curiosity about the oceansbull Aristotle (~350 BC)bull Treatise on marine organismsbull observations of water cycle (hydrologic cycle) bull Library of Alexandria founded in 3rd century BCbull housed ldquoworldrsquos knowledgerdquobull Eratosthenes (~ 200 BC)bull bull 2nd librarian at Alexandriabull bull Calculated earthrsquos circumferencebull bull Invented latitude and longitude lines
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Ancient Classical Knowledge
bull Greeks an intellectual curiosity about the oceansbull Aristotle (~350 BC)bull Treatise on marine organismsbull observations of water cycle (hydrologic cycle) bull Library of Alexandria founded in 3rd century BCbull housed ldquoworldrsquos knowledgerdquobull Eratosthenes (~ 200 BC)bull bull 2nd librarian at Alexandriabull bull Calculated earthrsquos circumferencebull bull Invented latitude and longitude lines
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Ancient Classical Knowledge
bull Greeks an intellectual curiosity about the oceansbull Aristotle (~350 BC)bull Treatise on marine organismsbull observations of water cycle (hydrologic cycle) bull Library of Alexandria founded in 3rd century BCbull housed ldquoworldrsquos knowledgerdquobull Eratosthenes (~ 200 BC)bull bull 2nd librarian at Alexandriabull bull Calculated earthrsquos circumferencebull bull Invented latitude and longitude lines
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Eratosthenes
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Possible origin of ldquoAtlantisrdquo as volcanic eruption and tsunamis destroyed Minoan civilization near Crete
Fresco from the Palace of King Minos 1500BC
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
Hawaiians invented surfing
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Easter Island deforestedCivilization collapses
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
The Middle Ages
bull Vikingsndash Improvements in shipbuildingndash Trade and colonization
bull Arabsndash Description of currents associated with seasonal monsoonndash Trade routes to Chinandash Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge
bull Chinandash Compass ndash Trade routes to Persian Gulf
bull Europendash Increased knowledge of navigationndash Tide tables
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
bull In 1405 Chinese sent 62 ships to explore the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Viking Long Boat
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Fig 15
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Modern day Vikings
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Vikings where did they go
Vikings view of their Inuit Neighbors
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Ptolemyrsquos Map of the World 150AD
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Ptolemyrsquos Map bull Fig 14
Still in use 1500 AD
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Columbus Hero or
ldquoGold is most excellent gold constitutes treasure and he who has it does all he wants in the world and can even lift souls up to Paradiserdquondash Christopher Columbus 1503 letter to the king and queen of Spain
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of
1682-1684
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir
Francis Drake
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Sir Francis DrakeGreat Explorer or Sea Devil
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Trade travel and explorationbull First hydrographic offices
ndash France 1720ndash Britain 1795
bull Relationship between time and longitudendash John Harrison first chronometer
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
James Cook (1728 ndash 1779) 3 major voyages mapped South Pacific coasts of New Zealand Australia and N America ldquodiscoveredrdquo Hawaiian Islands
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Cookrsquos Voyages
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
bull First Postmaster General of US he wanted to speed the mails across the Atlantic
ldquoDost thou love life Then do not squander time
for thats the stuff life is made ofrdquo
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo Benjamin Franklin
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
1860 Gulf Stream Map
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Ocean Science Begins
bull Botanists and naturalistsndash Collect describe and classify organismsndash Theory of atoll formation (Charles Darwin)ndash Investigations of microscopic drifting plants
and animals (plankton)
bull Scientific interest based on practical reasonsndash Navigation tide prediction and safety
bull Importance of government supportndash Laying of transatlantic telegraph cables
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Fig 115
bull Analysis and compilation of data continued for 20 years
bull Began oceanography as a modern sciencebull Prestige stimulated expeditions by other
nations
Challenger Expedition
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Challenger Expedition
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Exploratory Science
bull Fridtjof Nansenndash Voyage of the Framndash Nansen bottle
bull International scientific cooperationndash Motivated by
fluctuations in commercial fish
bull Antarctic explorationbull Amundsen Scott
Shackletonbull Arctic explorationbull Admiral Peary Nansen
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
Yellow and red high concentrationsGreen and blue low concentrationsDark blue and purple very low concentrations
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Offshore Drilling Platform
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
MBARI Scripps
Moss Landing San Diego
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
Found Titanic Lusitania Bismarck PT 109 Black Sea Flood
Play movie
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Marcia McNutt MBARI
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Doc Ricketts
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
The future ROVs and satellites
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the US-French Jason
satellite The image is based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Feb 12 2007 compared to the long-term average of observations from 1993 through 2005 In this image places where the Pacific sea surface height is higher (warmer) than normal are yellow and red and places where the sea surface is lower (cooler) than normal are blue and purple Green shows where conditions are near normal Sea-surface height is an indicator of the heat content of the upper ocean
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
ROV has an unexpected visitor a Sperm Whale
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-
Sunset
- MBARI Scripps
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Early Times
- Early Explorers and Traders
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Ancient Classical Knowledge
- Eratosthenes
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Goal Water Person Hawaiian Style
- Slide 25
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- The Middle Ages
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 31
- Fig 15
- Slide 33
- Vikings where did they go
- Slide 35
- Ptolemyrsquos Map
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Voyages of Discovery
- Fifteenth century routes of Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus
- Columbus Hero or
- Navigational Chart of northern Europe from Johannes van Keulenrsquos Sea Atlas of 1682-1684
- Sixteenth Century circumnavigation routes of Ferdinand Magellan and Sir Francis Drake
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Cookrsquos Voyages
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Why did Benjamin Franklin make his map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- 1860 Gulf Stream Map
- Whatrsquos at the bottom of the Sea
- Ocean Science Begins
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- Voyage of the Beagle 1831-1836
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Fig 115
- Voyage of the Challenger 1872-1876
- Slide 64
- Challenger Expedition
- Exploratory Science
- Slide 67
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 71
- False color images of plankton concentrations on Tasmania Australia
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Slide 76
- Most famous oceanographer today Robert Ballard
- Marcia McNutt MBARI
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- Doc Ricketts
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Slide 89
- Summary
- Slide 91
- Sunset
-