mca (revised) term-end examination 04 106 · of radius 8 units in the first quadrant, from x = 0 to...

No. of Printed Pages : 5

MCA (Revised) Term-End Examination

04_106 June, 2016

I MCS-053 I

MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA

Time : 3 hours

Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number I is compulsory. Attempt any

three questions from the rest.

1. (a) Write the expansion for the following file formats : 5 (i) TIFF (ii) PNG (iii) JPEG (iv) BMP (v) CDR

(b) Write the DDA line generation algorithm. Modify this DDA line generation algorithm, for negative sloped lines.

(c) Compare the following : 5

(i) Scanline Polygon fill algorithm and Flood fill algorithm

(ii) Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm and Cyrus-Beck line clipping algorithm

MCS-053

1 P.T.O.

(d) Briefly discuss the term Foreshortening factor. How is Foreshortening factor used

to identify that a projection is Isometric,

Dimetric or Trimetric ?

(e) Determine the final coordinates of 0 ABC A (0, 2); B (-1, —1); C (1, —1), when it is subjected to a clockwise rotation of 45°

about the origin. How do the obtained results differ, if the performed rotation is

anticlockwise ?

(f) Write the Z-buffer algorithm. What are the

maximum number of objects that can be

handled by Z-buffer algorithm ? What will happen if Z-buffer algorithm is used, and it

is found that two polygons have same

Z-value ?

7

(g) Explain the following : 4

(i) Ray casting

(ii) Ray tracing

(h) How does Phong Shading differ from

Gouraud Shading ? Give the merits and

demerits of Phong Shading. 4

2. (a) Compare and contrast the following : 5

(i) Cohen-Sutherland clipping algorithm and Sutherland-Hodgman clipping algorithm

(ii) Caligraphic and Raster scan display devices

MCS-053 2

(b) Write the Bresenham's Circle Generation algorithm. Use it to produce a circular arc of radius 8 units in the first quadrant, from x = 0 to x = y. 8

(c) Explain all the four cases of Sutherland-Hodgman polygon clipping algorithm and use these four cases to clip the figure below :

W2 vi

v4

OBJECT

v2

v3 WINDOW

w4 w3

where, v1, v2, v3 and v4 are vertices of the object and w 1, w2, w3 and w4 are vertices for the window region.

3. (a) Using rotational transformation matrix, verify the statement, "two successive rotations are additive". 5

(b) What do you understand by the term Projection' in Computer Graphics ? Give the taxonomy (types) of projections. 5

MCS-053

3 P.T.O.

(c) Determine the final coordinates of a

polygon ABCD, A (1, 4); B (— 4, 1);

C (-1, —1); D (2, —2), when it is scaled up to

twice its size with respect to an arbitrary

point P (1, 1). 5

(d) Determine the perspective projection of an

object at any arbitrary point (x, y, z) on

z = 5 plane, with centre of projection at

(0, 0, —10). Draw the diagram too.

4. (a) Determine two points on the cubic Bezier curve, whose control points are p 0(0, 0);

p1(5, 40); p2(40, 5); p3(50, 15). 5

(b) Explain Scanline method of visible surface

detection in Computer Graphics. 5

(c) Discuss the term "Sweep Representations".

Give suitable examples in support of your

discussion. 5

(d) Briefly discuss the role of illumination

models in Computer Graphics. How do

Ambient, Diffused and Specular reflections

contribute to the overall intensity of light ?

Give mathematical expression for the

same. 5

MCS-053 4

5. (a) Differentiate between any two of the following :

(i) Frame Animation and Sprite Animation

(ii) Scripting Systems and Parameterised Systems

(iii) Computer Generated and Computer Assisted Animation

(b) Give mathematical expression for simulating the following types of accelerations in animations :

(i) Zero Acceleration

(ii) Positive Acceleration

(iii) Negative Acceleration Draw graphical plot for each illustrating the frame spacing. 6

(c) What are Authoring tools ? Give the characteristics of any two Authoring tools. 4

(d) Write short notes on any two of the following : 5

(i) Analog Sound

(ii) Digital Sound

Losslesq Audio Formats

(iv) Lossy Audio Formats

MCS-053

5 7,000

No. of Printed Pages : 4 I MCS-053 I MCA (Revised)

os .2,s .4 Term-End Examination

December, 2015


Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any


1. (a) What is staircase effect ? Do you agree with

the statement "Staircase effect facilitates

smooth line generation" ? Justify your

answer with suitable arguments. 5

(b) Compare and contrast the 2D Euclidean

coordinate system with the 2D

Homogeneous coordinate system with the

help of an example. 5

(c) Determine the perspective projection of

point P(x, y, z) on z = 0 plane, where the

centre of projection is at E(0, 0, —10). 5

(d) How does frame buffer differ from the

display buffer ? How does frame buffer

overcome the limitation of display buffer ? 5

MCS-053

1 P.T.O.

(e) Prove the following properties of a Bezier

curve :

(i) P(u = 0) = po

(ii) P(u = 1) = pn

where u is the parameter and p 0 and pn are

the zeroth and nth control points,

respectively. 5

(f) How does frame spacing influence the

simulation of acceleration in an

animation ? Justify your answer with

suitable illustrations. 5

(g) Differentiate between window and viewport

region ? Explain how window to viewport

mapping is performed. 5

(h) What is Aliasing ? Explain how

Antialiasing overcomes the problem of

Aliasing. 5

2. (a) Write the pseudocode for Bresenham circle

generation algorithm, and use it to produce

an arc of radius r = 4 units, in the first

quadrant from x = 0 to x = y. 10

(b) Differentiate between scan line polygon fill

algorithm and flood fill algorithm. 5

(c) Differentiate between Parallel projection

and Perspective projection. 5

MCS-053 2

3. (a) Determine the final coordinates of the

perspective projection of an object, when

the object is first rotated w.r.t. y-axis by 30°

in clockwise direction and then w.r.t.

x-axis by 45° in clockwise direction and

finally it is projected on to z = 0 plane with

the centre of projection at (0, 0, — 5). 10

(b) Show that 2D rotational transformations are commutative in nature i.e. R 1 . R2 = R2 . R1 . 5

(c) Explain all the four cases of

Sutherland-Hodgman polygon clipping

algorithm, with suitable examples. 5

4. (a) Formulate the mathematical function, to

regulate the frame spacing, for simulating

(i) Zero acceleration motion,

(ii) Negative acceleration motion. 10

(b) Explain any two of the following : 5

(i) Cel Animation

(ii) Frame Animation

(iii) Sprite Animation

(c) Briefly discuss the different polygon

representation methods. 5

MCS-053

3 P.T.O.

5. (a) Expand the following abbreviations of file

formats : 5

(i) GIF

JPEG

MPEG

(iv) TIFF

(v) BMP

(b) Explain any two of the following : 5

(i) Compression in digital video

(ii) Authoring tools

Morphing

(c) Write the pseudocode for Z-buffer

algorithm for visible surface detection.

What is the maximum number of objects

that can be handled by Z-buffer algorithm ?

Give two advantages and two

disadvantages of Z-buffer algorithm. 1 0

MCS-053

4 13,000

No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCS-053

MCA (Revised)

Term-End Examination

0944?

June, 2015

MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND

MULTIMEDIA


Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any


1. (a) What are the limitations of DDA line

generation algorithm ? Explain the

algorithm that was proposed to overcome

the limitation of DDA line generation

algorithm. 5

(b) Write 3D transformation matrices for

rotation using homogeneous coordinate

system with respect to X, Y and Z axes

respectively.

(c) Draw the tree structure to describe the

taxonomy of projection. 5

(d) How is frame buffer used to control the

color and intensity of the computer screen ? 5

MCS-053

1 P.T.O.

(e) Determine the general expression for a

cubic Bezier curve, with vertices (control points) P0(0, 40); P 1(40, 40); P2(60, 20);

P3(60, -10). 5

(f) How many key frames are required to

produce a five-minute animation film

sequence with no duplicates ? 5

(g) Explain Window-to-Viewport

transformation with the help of a diagram. 5

(h) Explain how ray tracing differs from ray

casting with the help of a diagram. 5

2. (a) Derive the conditions for generating the

line segment, by using DDA line generation

algorithm for both cases (i.e. when slope < 1

and slope > 1). Write the pseudo code of

DDA line generation algorithm, and use it

to produce a line segment between points

(2, 4) and (9, 9). 10

(b) Explain the Area-subdivision method of

visible surface detection. 5

(c) Explain the mathematical expression for

the combined effect of Ambient, Diffused

and Specular reflection for Phong's

Specular Reflection Model. 5

MCS-053 2

3. (a) Determine the point of intersection of the projection of edges AB and CD of a unit cube, on z = 0 plane, where the centre of

projection , is at (0, 0, - d). 1 0

y

(b) Verify that two successive rotations are

additive in nature i.e.

R(Q1) . R(Q2) = R(Q 1 + Q2)

where R(Q 1), R(Q2) and R(Q 1 + Q2) are

2D-rotational transformations, respectively. 5

(c) Compare and contrast the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm with the Cyrus-Beck line clipping algorithm with the help of a diagram. 5

4. (a) How does simulation of zero acceleration differ from non-zero acceleration, in an animation ? Briefly discuss the formulation of a mathematical function, that regulates the frame spacing in an animation with positive acceleration. 10

MCS-053

3 P.T.O.

(b) Explain any two of the following :

5

(i) Keyframe Systems

(ii) Scripting Systems

(iii) Morphing

(c) Explain the differences between parametric and geometric continuities in Bezier curve. 5

5. (a) Differentiate between any two of the

following : 5

(i) Graphics and Animation

(ii) Printer and Plotter

(iii) Hypertext and Hypermedia

(b) Briefly describe any two of the following file formats : 5

(i) jpeg

(ii) tiff

(iii) bmp

(iv) gif

(c) Explain any two of the following : 5

(i) Authoring tools

(ii) Z-buffer algorithm

(iii) Video file formats

(d) What is Video Conferencing ? Discuss the challenges related to such facilities. 5

MCS-053 4 8,000


MCA (Revised)

Term-End Examination 046134 December, 2014

MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND

MULTIMEDIA


Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any three questions from the rest.

1. (a) Explain how frame buffer is used to store picture information. 5

(b) Explain the need of Homogeneous coordinate system in 2D transformation. 5

(c) Explain DDA line drawing algorithm. What are the disadvantages of this algorithm ? 5

(d) Define Animation and describe how it can be used in multimedia. 4

(e) Differentiate the following : 6 (i) Bitmap vs Vector graphics (ii) JPEG vs GIF (iii) Hypertext vs Hypermedia

(0 Prove the following for Bezier curve : 5 (i) P(u= 0)=p0

(ii) P ' (u = 0) = n (pi — pi))

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.

(g) Derive an expression for Phong Specular Reflection Model.

(h) Explain Isometric projection. Differentiate among Isometric, Dimetric and Trimetric projections.

2. (a) Given a circle with radius r = 8, determine pixel position along the circle in the

1st quadrant from x = 0 to x = y. 8

(b) Explain the following 3D transformations with their 3D transformation matrix : 9

(i) Scaling with respect to origin

(ii) Rotation with respect to z = 0 plane

(iii) xy-Shearing

(c) Differentiate between C0 and C1 continuity in Bezier curve. 3

3. (a) Given a triangle ABC, whose coordinates are A(1, 1), B(5, 2) and C(4, 3). (i) Reflect the given triangle about

x axis. (ii) Reflect the given triangle about

y axis. (iii) Reflect the given triangle about y = x

axis. In each case, find the final coordinates of the reflected triangle ABC. 10

(b) Explain Sutherland-Hodgman Polygon Clipping Algorithm.

(c) Explain positive acceleration for simulating motion.

MCS-053 2

5

5

4. (a) Explain Z-Buffer Algorithm for hidden

surface removal. What are its demerits ? 7

(b) What are the differences between Gouraud Shading and Phong Shading methods ? 5

(c) Suggest with reasons a potential application of multimedia other than the applications in the field of entertainment and education. 4

(d) What are touch panels ? List different touch panels that are currently available for use. 4

5. (a) Consider the line segment AB in

3D parallel to the z-axis with end points

A(— 6, 5, 3) and B(6, — 7, 18). Perform a

perspective projection on the x = 0 plane,

where the eye is placed at E (— 10, 0, 0). 8

(b) Explain the following terms :

(i) Card based authoring tools

(ii) Raster and Random Scan

(iii) Sound editing tools

(iv) Anti-aliasing

(v) Ambient light

(vi) Plasma panel

6x2=12

MCS-053 3 10,000


MCA (Revised)

t-r-) Term-End Examination

June, 2014 O



Note : Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three questions from the rest.

1. (a) Explain the working of Cathode Ray Tube 6 (CRT). Also discuss benefits & limitations of plasma panel display over CRT.

(b) Obtain the matrix that represents two 5 dimensional xy shearing by factors a and b along x & y axis, respectively about the origin.

(c) Differentiate between window and 2 viewport in clipping.

(d) Explain flood-fill method of polygon filling. 6 (e) Differentiate between the following : 6

(i) Zero Vs. Non- zero accelerations for simulating motion

(ii) GIF Vs. JPEG (f) What is a homogenous coordinate system 6

for 3D- transformation ? What are the advantages of using homogenous coordinate system ?

(g) Derive an expression to show the combined 6 effect of ambient and diffused reflection in the context of illumination model.

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.

(h) What is Hypermedia ? How is it different 3 from hypertext ?

2. (a) Write DDA line drawing algorithm; use this 8 algorithm draw a to line between (0,0) and (6,6).

(b) Explain Prong Illumination model with the 6 help of diagram.

(c) What is orthographic projection ? Write a 6 matrix for an orthographic projection for Z = 0 plane.

3. (a) Explain Cohen Sutherland line clipping 5+5 algorithm. State the merits and demerits of Cohen Sutherland algorithm over Cyrus-Beck line clipping algorithm.

(b) Derive a general 2D-transformation matrix 5 of rotation of a point P(x,y) though an angle

in counterclockwise direction with respect to origin.

(c) Differentiate between Ray Tracing & Ray 5 Casting.

4. (a) What is Bezier curve ? Prove the following 5 for Bezier curve :

Bro (u) =1 i=0

(b) What is digital video ? Define Frame rate, 4 and Frame dimensions in the context of digital video.

(c) Explain the scan line method for identifying 5 visible surfaces.

(d) Explain the following in the context of 6 multimedia : (i) Morphing (ii) Authoring tools (iii) Vector graphics

MCS-053 2

5. (a) The unit cube (Fig.1) is projected onto the 6 xy plane. Note the position of the x, y and z axes. Draw the projected image using perspective projection on the z = 0 plane with the Centre Of Projection (COP) is E(0,0, —10)

(b) Explain the following terms : (i) Z Buffer (ii) Types of Animation (iii) Aspect Ratio (iv) Video Conferencing (v) Parallel Projection (vi) Specular Reflection (vii) Ambient light.

7x2=14

MCS-053 3

MCS-053 No. of Printed Pages : 3

MCA (Revised)


December, 2013



Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three questions from the rest.

1. (a) Differentiate between raster scan and 5 random scan display devices.

(b) What is homogeneous co-ordinate system ? 6

Why is it needed ? Explain this with the help of an example.

(c) What are the various parametric 5 countinuity conditions in curve drawing ?

(d) Explain Z buffer algorithm for hidden 6 surface removal. State its advantages.

(e) Explain the following terms : 6

(i) Resolution (Screen)

(ii) Aspect Ratio

(iii) Refresh rate

(f) Differentiate between vector graphics and 3 bitmap graphics.

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.

(g) Explain Phony Specular Reflection model. 4

(h) Explain Bresenham's algorithm for drawing 5 a line whose slope is Iml-sl.

2. (a) Draw a line from (5, 6) to (15, 12) on a raster 6 screen using DDA algorithm.

(b) Using cohen sutherland line clipping 6 algorithm clip the following line against a window which has lower left corner at (2,2)

and upper right corner at (5, 5)

Line 1 : A(3, 1) B (2, 4)

Line 2 : C(6, 4) D(13, 8)

(c) Differentiate between window and view 8 port : Find the normalized transformation N which uses the rectangle A (1, 4) B(4, 1) C(8, 5) D(5, 8) as a window and the normalized device screen as a view port whose lower left corner L(0, 0) and upper right corner R(1, 1).

3. (a) Find the transformation matrix for the 5 reflection about the line y= —x

(b) Given a Square ABCD whose co-ordinates 6 are A(0, 0), B (3, 0), C(3, 3), D(0, 3) find the final transformation matrix after translating 2 units in both x and y direction, followed by scaling of 1.5 units in the x-direction.

MCS-053 2

(c) Differentiate between parallel and 9 perspective projection. Derive the general transformation for parallel projection on to a given view plane, where the direction of projection :

d = ai + bj + ck is along the normal N = n1i + n2j + n3k with the reference point

Ro (x0, yo, z0)

4. (a) Derive a mathematical expression for 8 drawing a cubic Bezier curve.

Given four control points P0(1, 1), P1,(2, 3), P2(4, 3) and P3(3, 1). Determine 2 more points on the same Bezier curve

(b) Find the 2D - transformation matrix of 8 reflection of the SABC, where A(0, 0), B(4, 0) and C(3, 3) about the line passing through the points (1, 3) an (-1, —1)

(c) Categories the various types of parallel and 4 perspective projection

5. (a) Explain different types of animation ? 5

(b) What is compression ? Explain the need for 5

video compression.

(c) Explain various video file formats. 5

(d) Explain any two types of authoring tools. 5

MCS-053 3


MCA (Revised)


June, 2013 '4714



Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three

questions from the rest.

1. (a) Define the following 5

(i) Interactive Computer Graphics

(ii) Image processing

(iii) Animation

(iv) Refresh cycle

(v) Display Controller

(b) What are the shortcoming of DDA line 5 drawing algorithm? How are they removed

in Bresenham's algorithm?

(c) What is 2D shearing? Write down the 5 matrix for x shear, y shear and xy shear

about the origin.

(d) What is orthographic projection? Explain 5

various categories of orthographies

projection.

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.

(e) State and explain the four properties of 5

Bezier curve.

(f) Explain scan line method for visible surface 5

detection.

(g) What is cel animation? Differentiate it with 5

key frame animation.

(h) Explain various types or categories of 5

authoring tools.

2. (a) Discuss all the four cases of Suduland 5

Hodgemen polygon clipping algorithm with

the help of a suitable diagram.

(b) Draw a circle having centre (0,0) and radius 5

5 by midpoint circle generation algorithm.

(c) What are the major limitations of Cohen 5 Sutherland line clipping algorithm?

Compare it with Cyrus Beck line clipping

algorithm.

(d) Draw a line having end points (25,15) and

5 (35,23) using Bresenham's line drawing

algorithm.

MCS-053 2

3. (a) Calculate the matrix for three views (front, 10

right-side and top) of a given object, shown

in the figure.

The vertices of the object are A(4,0,0)

B(4,4,0), C(4,4,8), D(4,0,4), E(0,0,0), F(0,4,0),

G(0,4,8), H(0,0,4)

(b) Determine the vanishing points for the 5

following perspective transformation matrix

8.68 5.6 0 2.8

0 20.5 0 4.5

7.0 8.0 0 2.0

5.3 7.3 0 3.0

(c) Vertices of a triangle are A(5,3), B(7,2), 5

C (9,4). Rotate the triangle by 30° about the

point A of the triangle.

4. (a) Derive the equation of the 3 point Bezier 5

curve defined by the following control points

(-1,0), (0,2) and (1,0).

MCS-053 3 P.T.O.

(b) What are the relative merits of object space 5

method and image space methods of visible

surface detection?

(c) Derive a mathematical expression for 10

Phory's specular reflection model. Explain

how ambient, diffused and specular

reflection contribute to the resulting intensity

of reflected ray of light in the Phory's model.

5. (a) What are the various types of Bitmap 4 Images?

(b) Define the following : 1x6=6

(i) CDR (ii) JPEG (iii) TIFF

(iv) GIF (v) PNG (vi) PDF

(c) How many frames does a 40 second 5

animation film sequence require with no

duplication? What will be answer if

duplication is there?

(d) Differentiate between the following : 5

(i) Printer versus Plotter

(ii) Drawing versus Painting.

MCS-053 4

No. of Printed Pages : 3

MCS-053

MCA (Revised)


December, 2012





1. (a) What is frame buffer ? In a 600 x 400 pixel, 5 how many bytes does a frame buffer need ?

Explain your answer.

(b) Differentiate between scan line polygon fill 5

and flood fill algorithm.

(c) What is vanishing point ? Explain principle 5 vanishing point with respect to Z-axis with the help of a suitable diagram.

(d) Prove that two 2D rotation about the origin 5 is commutative i.e., R1, R2 = R2 R1.

(e) Prove the following for Bezier curve : 5

(i) P' (u = 0) = n (P1- Po)

(ii) P' (u =1) = n (Pn - Pn -1) (f) Explain, with the help of suitable diagram, 5

how the Z-Buffer algorithm determine which surfaces are visible ?

tr)

7-1

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.

(g) What is file compression? What is the Need 5

of video compression ? Explain any two

video file formats.

(h) Explain the process of simulating motion 5 using zero acceleration with the help of

diagram.

2. (a) Explain all the four cases of Sutherland

6 Hodge-man polygon clipping algorithm

using a diagram.

(b) Obtain the transformation matrix for mirror 6 reflection respect to the line Y = 5x.

(c) Write Bresenham's circle generation 8 algorithm . Compute coordinates of points

of circle drawn with center at (0,0) and

radius 8 using Bresenham's circle generation

algorithm.

3. (a) Explain the basic Ray Tracing Algorithm 6 with the help of a diagram.

(b) Draw a line from (6, 3) to (16, 10) using 7

DDA line drawing algorithm. What are the

disadvantages of using this algorithm?

(c) Give the composite transformation matrix 7 of a cube in 3D, if the cube is scaled, rotated

about Y axis and then translated.

MCS-053 2

4. (a) Differentiate between parallel and 6 perspective projections. Also gives the

taxonomy at various types of parallel and

perspective projection .

(b) Determine 5 points on Bezier curve whose 6

control points are Po(4,2), P1(8,8), P2,(16,4)

and P3, (24,2). Also draw the approximate

sketch of the curve.

(c) Using 4 bit code for nine regions, clip the 8 lines P1, P2 and P3 P4 given below, using

Cohen Sutherland line clipping algorithm.

5. (a) Explain the following terms: 14

(i) Cel Animation

(ii) Hyper media

(iii) Audio file Formate

(iv) Anti-aliasing

(v) Aspect Ratio

(vi) XY-Shearing 2 D Transformation.

(vii) Frame -buffer.

(b) What is morphing ? How key frames are 6 used in Morphing ? Explain with the help

of suitable diagram.

MCS-053 3


O ■.0 •714 O O

MCA (Revised)


June, 2012





1. (a) What is Raster Scan and how is it different 5

from Random Scan ?

(b) What is aliasing ? Explain how Antialiasing 5 overcome the problem of aliasing.

(c) Find the transformed point p'(x,y), caused 5

by rotating P(5,1) about the origin through

an angle of 90°.

(d) Derive a general transformation Matrix for 5

scaling transformation with respect to a

fixed point P(h,R).

(e) What are the benefits of Bresenham's line 4

drawing algorithm over DDA algorithm.

(f) Find the coordinates (pixel position) of a 4

circle in the first quadrant having centre at

point 0(0,0) and a redius 4 using mid-point

circle generation algorithm.

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.

(g) Given P0(0,40), P1(40,40), P2(60, 20), 4 P3(60, — 10) as Vertices of Bezier Curve, Find the general expression to express a cubic Bezier curve ?

(h) Differentiate between the following : 8

(i) Zero Acceleration Vs. Non zero Acceleration for simulating Motion.

(ii) Hypertext Vs. Hyper Media

(iii) GIF Vs. JPEG

(iv) Key Frame Vs. Cel Animation

2. (a) Write Integer Bresenham's line drawing 8 algorithm and show how it draw a line, whose start point is (4,4) and end point is ( — 3,0).

(b) How much time is spent scanning across 6 each row of pixels during screen refresh on a raster system with a resolution of 1280 by 1024 and a refresh rate of 60 frames per second ?

(c) Explain the specular Reflection with the 3

help of suitable diagram.

(d) Define the term parallel projection. 3

Categorise various types of parallel projection.

MCS-053

3. (a) Perform reflection of a triangle A(0,0), 10 B(2,0) and C(1,5).

(i) about the horizontal line y=5

(ii) about the line y= x +5.

(b) What is shearing transformation ? Explain 5 x-shearing, y-shearing with suitable example (s).

(c) Explain, the 3 cases of line visibility in 5 cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm.

4. (a) Write any three properties of Bezier curve. 4 What are the limitation (s) of Bezier curve ?

(b) What is video conferencing ? Discuss the 4 challenges related to such facilities

(c) Explain how Z buffer method and scan line 5 methods differ to find the visible surface

detection.

(d) The pyramid defined by the coordinates 7 A(0,0,0), B(1,0,0), C(0,1,0) and D(0,0,1) is

rotated 90° about the line L that has

A A A

direction vector v=i+j-i-R and passing

through the origin. Find the coordinates of rotated pyramid ABCD.

MCS-053 3 P.T.O.

x Fig.

5. (a) Consider a shiny surface with diffused 6

reflection coefficient of 0.6 and ambient reflection coefficient of 0.5, the surface has

normal in the direction of 4i+6j+5k ; say

some light is incident on it from the

direction i+j+k such that the ambient and

diffused intensities are of order 3 and 4 units. Determine the intensity of the

reflected light.

(b) Explain the following terms : 14

(i) Card (or page) based authoring tools.

(ii) Frame buffer.

(iii) Virtual Reality.

(iv) Animation Tools.

(v) Video file formats.

(vi) Ray Tracing

(vii) Sound editing tools.

MCS-053 4

mca (revised) term-end examination 04 106 · of radius 8 units in the first quadrant, from x = 0 to...

Documents