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Psychobiology

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What in the world is

this?

The study of how behavior is influenced by our biological makeup.

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• Monism• Dualism• Emergent

dualism

Mind-

Body

PASTEL ON PAPER  22" x 29"Dualism, within everyone.  Existing as two within one. Gregory Stewert

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• Central

• Peripheral

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Picture

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Picture

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Brain

• Cerebral Cortex– Functions:

• Thought • Voluntary movement • Language • Reasoning • Perception

• Cerebellum– Fxn

• Movement • Balance • Posture

• Brain Stem– Fxns

• Breathing • Heart Rate • Blood Pressure

• Hypothalamus– fxns

• Body Temperature • Emotions • Hunger • Thirst • Circadian Rhythms

• Thalamus – Functions:

• Sensory processing

• Movement

• Limbic system– Fxns

• Emotions

• LT memory

• Hippocampus– fxns

• learning

• Memory

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Neurons

• Picture for structure

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Birth &

Development of

the Brai

n

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http://www.brainmuseum.org/development/index.html

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Neural

Migration

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Neural

Communicatio

n

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Action

Potential

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Neurotransmitters

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Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic

Somatic

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Autonomi

c Nervous System

Picture of Symp/Parasymp

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ANS/PNS

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Somatic

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Neurotransmitter

Effects Too Much Too Little

Drugs

Acetylcholine Learning, memory, muscles

Trembling Alzheimers

Caffeine

Serotonin Sleep, mood, pain, aggression

Migraines Depression

Cocaine

Dopamine Pleasure, reward, attention, arousal

Schizophrenia

Parkinsons

Cocaine, caffeine,nicotine, MDMA

GABA General inhibition of neurons

Drowsy Anxious Alcohol

Glutimate General excitation of neurons

Tingly numbing

Drowsy Caffeine

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• Acetylcholine – involved in voluntary movement, learning, memory, and sleep§ Too much acetylcholine is associated with depression, and too little in the hippocampus has been associated with dementia.Dopamine – correlated with movement, attention, and learning § Too much dopamine has been associated with schizophrenia, and too little is associated with some forms of depression as well as the muscular rigidity and tremors found in Parkinson’s disease.Norepinephrine – associated with eating, alertness § Too little norepinephrine has been associated with depression, while an excess has been associated with schizophrenia.Epinephrine – involved in energy, and glucose metabolism § Too little epinephrine has been associated with depression.Serotonin – plays a role in mood, sleep, appetite, and impulsive and aggressive behavior § Too little serotonin is associated with depression and some anxiety disorders, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder. Some antidepressant medications increase the availability of serotonin at the receptor sites.GABA (Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid) – inhibits excitation and anxiety § Too little GABA is associated with anxiety and anxiety disorders. Some antianxiety medication increases GABA at the receptor sites.Endorphins – involved in pain relief and feelings of pleasure and contentedness

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• ACTING IN THE ENVIRONMENT. MOTOR SYSTEMS AND DISORDERS.

• Mapping the Motor Cortex• Wilder Penfield, a Canadian surgeon, took the next

exploratory voyage of the brain's organization starting in the 1950s. While operating on epileptic patients, Penfield applied electric currents to the brain's surface in order to find problem areas. Since the patients were awake during the operations, they could tell Penfield what they were experiencing. Probing some areas would trigger whole memory sequences. For one patient, Penfield triggered a familiar song that sounded so clear, the patient thought it was being played in the operating room. During these operations, Penfield watched for any movement of the patients' bodies. From this information, he was able to map out the motor cortex, the part of the brain you mapped out in this feature's activity.

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pictures

SpinalCord

BrainSensoryNeuron

MotorNeuron