mdm 7.1 security guide -...

SAP NetWeaver

MDM Security Guide SAP NetWeaver MDM 7.1 SP08 Document Version 3.1 – April 3, 2012

October 2011

April 2012

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October 2011

April 2012

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MDM 7.1 Security Guide

April 2012

Document History Document Version

Description of Change

3. 1/ April 2012 • Consolidated information from the MDM Console Reference guide into the following sections:

o LDAP Support (page 10) o Authentication of Trusted Connections (page 23)

3.0 / September 2011

• Guide updated for MDM 7.1 SP08 • Secure Trusted Connection support added. See Authentication of

Trusted Connections (page 23). • New mds.ini option added for securing connections to Microsoft

Active Directory LDAP Server. See Secure Connection to Microsoft Active Directory Configuration (page 23).

• Default Admin user password changed to sapmdm. See Standard User (page 9).

• New CLIX commands added for password management operations. See CLIX Commands for Managing Passwords (page 9).

• New CLIX command added for emergency Admin user password creation. See Emergency User Concept (page 10).

2.0 / May 2011 • Guide updated for MDM 7.1 SP07 • SSL support added. See Network and Communication Security (page

17).


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Contents MDM SECURITY GUIDE .......................................................................................................... 1 1 COMPONENTS OF SAP NETWEAVER MDM ................................................................. 2 2 USERS, ROLES AND AUTHENTICATION ....................................................................... 3

2.1 Users ......................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Roles and Authorizations .......................................................................................... 3

2.2.1 Roles .............................................................................................................. 3 2.2.2 Authorizations ................................................................................................. 3

2.3 Predefined Users, Roles and Passwords ................................................................. 4 2.4 Single Sign-On Support ............................................................................................ 4 2.5 Authentication and SSO-like Feature in MDM Java Components ............................ 4

2.5.1 User Management .......................................................................................... 4 2.5.2 Trusted Connection ........................................................................................ 4 2.5.3 iViews and UWL Authentication and the SSO-like Feature ........................... 5 2.5.4 MDM Web Services Generator Security ........................................................ 5 2.5.5 MDM Web Services Security .......................................................................... 5

2.6 Password Change Enforcement ............................................................................... 6 2.7 Minimum Length of Password ................................................................................... 6 2.8 Password Validity Timeframe .................................................................................... 7 2.9 Strong and Secure Passwords.................................................................................. 8 2.10 Deactivating Authorization Credentials ..................................................................... 8 2.11 Password History ...................................................................................................... 8 2.12 Locking User Accounts ............................................................................................. 8 2.13 CLIX Commands for Managing Passwords .............................................................. 9 2.14 User Administration Tools ......................................................................................... 9

2.14.1 Standard User ................................................................................................ 9 2.15 Emergency User Concept ....................................................................................... 10 2.16 LDAP Support ......................................................................................................... 10

2.16.1 What is LDAP? ............................................................................................. 10 2.16.2 How LDAP Works ......................................................................................... 10 2.16.3 Basic MDM LDAP ......................................................................................... 11 2.16.4 MDM LDAP Fields ........................................................................................ 11 2.16.5 LDAP Access ................................................................................................ 11 2.16.6 MDM LDAP Algorithm (Basic) ...................................................................... 13 2.16.7 MDM LDAP Algorithm (Alternative) .............................................................. 14 2.16.8 MDM LDAP Algorithm (Fallback) ................................................................. 14 2.16.9 MDM Architecture in LDAP .......................................................................... 15 2.16.10 Restrictions and Limitations .................................................................... 15 2.16.11 LDAP Errors and MDM ........................................................................... 15

3 NETWORK AND COMMUNICATION SECURITY .......................................................... 17 3.1 Securing Communication Channels Using SSL ...................................................... 18 3.2 Secure Connection Prerequisites............................................................................ 18 3.3 Configuring MDM Servers for SSL .......................................................................... 19

3.3.1 MDS Configuration ....................................................................................... 19 3.3.2 Auxiliary and Slave Server Configuration ..................................................... 19

3.4 Connecting Securely from MDM Clients ................................................................. 20 3.4.1 Connecting Securely from MDM Console .................................................... 20


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3.4.2 Connecting Securely from other Rich Clients .............................................. 20 3.4.3 Connecting Securely from MDM CLIX ......................................................... 21 3.4.4 Connecting Securely from MDM APIs .......................................................... 21 3.4.5 Connecting Securely from MDM Web UIs ................................................... 21 3.4.6 Connecting Securely from MDM Web Services ........................................... 21 3.4.7 Connecting Securely from MDM PI Adaptor ................................................ 21 3.4.8 Connecting Securely from MDM Enrichment Contoller ................................ 22

3.5 Server Landscape ................................................................................................... 22 3.6 Communication Channels Used.............................................................................. 22

3.6.1 Client/MDS Communication ......................................................................... 22 3.6.2 MDS/Database Server Communication ....................................................... 22

3.7 Network Ports Used ................................................................................................ 23 3.8 Remote Function Call .............................................................................................. 23 3.9 Secure Connection to Microsoft Active Directory Configuration ............................. 23 3.10 Authentication of Trusted Connections ................................................................... 23

3.10.1 Trusted Connection Configuration Parameters ............................................ 23 3.11 IP-Based Trusted Connections ............................................................................... 24

3.11.1 How IP-Based Trusted Connections Work ................................................... 24 3.11.2 SSL-Based Trusted Connections ................................................................. 25 3.11.3 Configuring SSL-Based Trusted Connections ............................................. 25 3.11.4 ABAP API Trusted Connection: .................................................................... 28 3.11.5 Java/.NET Trusted Connection: ................................................................... 28

4 AUTHORIZATION CONCEPTS AND MANAGEMENT .................................................. 29 4.1 Separation of Duties Support .................................................................................. 29 4.2 Change Log for Authorization Management ........................................................... 29 4.3 Change Log Archiving ............................................................................................. 34

5 AUDITING ........................................................................................................................ 35 5.1 Logging of Security-Relevant Information ............................................................... 35

6 CONTENT SECURITY ..................................................................................................... 36 6.1 Document and File Upload ...................................................................................... 36

7 MDM FILE LOCATIONS AND FILE SYSTEM SECURITY ............................................. 36 7.1 Session IDs ............................................................................................................. 37 7.2 User Session Lock .................................................................................................. 37

8 REGULATORY COMPLIANCE ....................................................................................... 38 8.1 Person-Related Data ............................................................................................... 38

Components of SAP NetWeaver MDM MDM 7.1 Security Guide Users

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MDM Security Guide Target Audience ● Technology consultants

● System administrators

● CIOs

● Security experts This document is not included as part of the Installation Guides, Configuration Guides, Technical Operation Manuals, or Upgrade Guides. Such guides are only relevant for a certain phase of the software lifecycle, whereby the Security Guides provide information that is relevant for all phases of the lifecycle.

Scope of this Guide This Security Guide describes the security for the SAP NetWeaver MDM component only.

For information about the other SAP components used for the MDM scenarios, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installMDM71 → Master Guide.

Fundamental Security Guides See the corresponding Security Guides of the SAP components that are a part of the MDM scenarios.

Application Guide Most Relevant Sections or Specific Restrictions

SAP ECC 6.0 SAP ERP 2005 Security Guide In the SAP ERP 2005 Security Guide, choose Security Guides for SAP ECC 6.0.

SAP NetWeaver Process Integration 7.1

SAP NetWeaver Security Guide

In the SAP NetWeaver Security Guide, choose Security Guides for SAP NetWeaver Products → SAP Security Guide PI.

Operating Systems and Database Platforms

SAP NetWeaver Security Guide

In the SAP NetWeaver Security Guide, choose Operating System and Database Platform Security Guides.

For a complete list of the available SAP Security Guides, see service.sap.com/securityguide on the SAP Service Marketplace.

Components of SAP NetWeaver MDM MDM 7.1 Security Guide Users

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1 Components of SAP NetWeaver MDM

For a complete list of SAP NetWeaver MDM components, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installMDM71 → Master Guide.

Users, Roles and Authentication MDM 7.1 Security Guide Users

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2 Users, Roles and Authentication MDM provides its own user management. There are no user and role features delivered on top of the MDM user management.

2.1 Users You can set passwords for MDM Servers and users of MDM repositories.

Master Data Servers By default access to new Master Data Servers is not limited. You have to set a password to control access. When mounting a Master Data Server for the first time using the MDM Console, make sure that you set a password for the server. To set a Master Data Server password for the first time or to change it, select the MDM Server in the left window pane and choose MDM Servers → Change Password.

MDM Repositories You access MDM repositories with a user and password. SAP NetWeaver MDM uses its own mechanisms to define users. You have to set passwords for the users to control access:

● When creating a new repository, make sure that you set a password for the predefined Administrator user.

● When updating an existing repository or unarchiving a shipped repository template, you have to use the users and passwords that were already defined for the repository.

Starting with MDM 7.1, you must log onto the repository at least once during an MDM Console session. This means that you have to log onto a repository each time you start the MDM Console.

The icon next to the repository name indicates that you have to log onto the repository.

For more information about updating repositories, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installMDM71 → MDM Upgrade Guide → Update Repository.

2.2 Roles and Authorizations SAP NetWeaver MDM uses its own mechanisms for roles and authorizations. For more information, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installMDM71 → MDM Console Reference Guide → Part 10: MDM System Administration → MDM User and Role Management

2.2.1 Roles Roles are assigned to users. Each repository contains the following standard roles: Admin and Default. They cannot be deleted. The Admin role cannot be changed. The Default role is predefined with full privileges.

2.2.2 Authorizations Authorizations (called privileges in MDM) are assigned to roles and are edited in the roles table. You can granularly enable/disable authorizations for specific functions (such as Add Records or Delete Records) or limit access to tables and fields (such as read/write access and constraints).

Users, Roles and Authentication MDM 7.1 Security Guide Predefined Users, Roles and Passwords

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2.3 Predefined Users, Roles and Passwords In general there are one predefined user and two predefined roles when creating a repository from scratch. The predefined user is the Admin user. The Admin role is assigned to it. A password is not maintained initially for this user. It is very important to maintain a strong password for this user shortly after creating the repository. The other predefined role is the Default role. Initially it has full privileges. It is important to reduce these privileges shortly after creating the repository.

2.4 Single Sign-On Support SAP NetWeaver MDM 7.1 does not support single sign-on. When a client application is used, user IDs and passwords need to be provided to log onto the Master Data Server and the repositories. The .NET and Java APIs use the user name and password or the trusted connection concept to log onto the Master Data Server and the repositories. For more information about trusted connections, see “Trusted Connection” below. The ABAP API uses the trusted connection concept and extends this concept by always logging on with the sy-uname of the logged on user on the AS ABAP.

2.5 Authentication and SSO-like Feature in MDM Java Components

When using the Web Services Generator or iViews, you can use an SSO-like feature. With the SSO-like feature in MDM, there is no need to re-authenticate between the application running on the SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java (AS Java) and MDS. The same MDM session is kept for different requests to the MDS issued by the same source. The AS Java object for the SSO is the SAP logon ticket. As SAP logon ticket evaluation is not currently supported in the MDS, the SSO-like feature is implemented in the MDM applications on the AS Java.

2.5.1 User Management For the SSO-like feature, the user authenticated for SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java (AS Java) should be propagated to MDM. You can do this with the following user configurations:

● Same users in UME and MDS:

○ LDAP

○ User replication in both systems

● Different users in UME and MDS:

○ User mapping to an MDM system using SAP NetWeaver Portal

○ User mapping to an MDM service user (constant user)

2.5.2 Trusted Connection Trusted Connection configuration has direct influence on how authentication is performed and whether or not the SSO-like feature is supported. See “Authentication of Trusted Connections” for more information about trusted connection configuration.

Users, Roles and Authentication MDM 7.1 Security Guide Authentication and SSO-like Feature in MDM Java Components

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2.5.3 iViews and UWL Authentication and the SSO-like Feature

The following facets have an impact on the authentication mode and SSO-like feature support:

● User mapping

● User management

● Trusted connection between SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java (AS Java) and MDM.

● User mapping is defined for a specific MDM system:

○ Same as in iViews and UWL in the MDM 5.5 release

○ Likely with authenticated session

○ Trusted connection also works

● No user mapping: SSO-like feature

○ User management as described in “User Management” on page 4 (under Same users in UME and MDS).

○ Trusted connection is required between AS Java and MDS.

2.5.4 MDM Web Services Generator Security The Web Services Generator application is a Web application supporting basic HTTP authentication of SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java (AS Java). MDM user credentials are inserted by the user in the Web Services Generator wizard.

2.5.5 MDM Web Services Security The Web services generated by the Web Services Generator have the following security capabilities:

2.5.5.1 SSL Support The transport protocol for the generated Web services can be either SOAP over HTTP or SOAP over HTTPS. You can also specify that the transport protocol for connecting generated Web services to the Master Data Server has a secure connection.

2.5.5.2 Authentication You can define the following authentication modes in the SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java (AS Java) for the generated Web services:

2.5.5.3 No Authentication An MDM constant user is defined in the Visual Administrator/Services/Configuration Adapter and its MDM password is stored there.

2.5.5.4 Basic Authentication User name and password of the Web service user are propagated to MDM. This requires user management as described in “User Management” on page 4, under the Same users in UME and MDS section.

Users, Roles and Authentication MDM 7.1 Security Guide Password Change Enforcement

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2.5.5.5 Basic Authentication with SAP Logon Ticket SAP logon ticket support as well as basic authentication can be enabled for the Web service. User Management (as described in “User Management” on page 4, under the Same users in UME and MDS section) and a trusted connection between AS Java and MDS are required.

2.6 Password Change Enforcement Users with the appropriate authorization (such as the Admin role) can create new users in the MDM Console. The end user can be forced to change the password after the first logon to the Master Data Server using one of the MDM client applications. This feature prevents the administrator from knowing the passwords of the end users. You can configure this “initial password” behavior. The flag “User Must Change Password” in the MDM Console User Detail pane activates the described function if it is set to “Yes”. This feature can also be used by the administrator to enforce a password change by the user at any time.

After creating a user, the default setting for the “initial password” behavior is “No”. You must set it to “Yes” after user creation.

2.7 Minimum Length of Password The minimum length of passwords can be customized. You can maintain it centrally in the mds.ini file located in the server directory “...\sap\MAF\MDSXX\config”. One parameter is used for this setting:

● Minimal Password Length=5 This option sets the minimal password length (here 5 tokens).

It is important to assign a strong and secure default password to each created user.

After you change the minimal password length in the ini file, this password length is not automatically applied to all users whose assigned password is shorter than the minimal password length. The default value for the minimal password length is 5. It can be set to zero, but we do not recommend that you allow users without passwords.

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Changes to mds.ini only take effect after a restart of the Master Data Server.

Direct changes to the mds.ini file are not logged by the MDM system and it is therefore advisable to limit access to this file.

2.8 Password Validity Timeframe Users are forced to change the password after the validity timeframe for the password has expired.

The validity timeframe of the password is maintained centrally in the mds.ini file located in the server directory “..\sap\MAF\MDS{instance number}\config”. Two parameters are used for this setting:

● Password Expiration Days=90 This option sets the time until a password will expire (here 90 days).

● Password Expiration Warning=7 This option sets the number of days a user will get warnings before his password expires (here 7 days).

After the defined number of warnings, the user cannot log onto the system without changing his or her password. It is possible to define that the password for a user will never expire. The flag “Password Never Expires” in the console user administration activates the described behavior if it is set to “yes”.



Users, Roles and Authentication MDM 7.1 Security Guide Strong and Secure Passwords

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2.9 Strong and Secure Passwords Passwords that are easily guessed (for example, with a dictionary attack, UserID, company name) are not recognized and are prevented by the Master Data Server. Users of the MDM clients should choose strong and secure passwords.

Strong and secure passwords are a combination of upper and lowercase letters, numbers and special characters with a length of approximately 12 – 14 tokens. Passwords using personal information like names or dates, user names or repetitions, dictionary words and sequences should not be used.

2.10 Deactivating Authorization Credentials Authentication credentials are not automatically deactivated if they have not been used for a certain period of time.

The administrator should deactivate user accounts that are not in use by assigning a non-authorized role and/or by assigning a secret password.

2.11 Password History No history is stored for the passwords of a user. The user is not prevented from changing his or her password to a previous password.

When changing their password, users of the MDM clients should choose a password that was not yet used.

2.12 Locking User Accounts The user account is locked after a defined number of failed password logon attempts for a defined length of time.

The user account lock settings is maintained centrally in the mds.ini file located in the server directory “...\sap\MAF\MDS00\config”. Two parameters are used for this setting:

● Lock Account After Failed Password Attempts=3 This option sets the number of failed password logon attempts allowed before the user account is locked (here 2 attempts; with the third attempt the account will already be locked).

● Lock Account Duration=1800 This option sets the duration of the password lock after the failed password attempts allowed (here 1800 seconds).

After the defined number of failed password logon attempts, the user cannot log onto the system for the defined number of seconds. The administrator can reset a locked account at any time. The flag “Reset Account Lock” in the console user administration deactivates the lock if it is set to “yes”.

Users, Roles and Authentication MDM 7.1 Security Guide CLIX Commands for Managing Passwords

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This feature can significantly slow down password brute force attacks if the number of allowed failed password attempts is set to a low value and the lock duration is set to a relatively high value.

The User Account Lock feature does NOT work for users with the Admin role. This prevents administrators from lock out scenarios.

Keep the number of users with the Admin role as small as possible. Use especially strong passwords for those users, as they are not protected against brute force attacks.



2.13 CLIX Commands for Managing Passwords The repUser set of MDM CLIX commands enable administrators to get information about, change, expire, and unexpire passwords for repository users. For complete information about these commands, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installMDM71 → MDM Console Reference Guide → Part 14: CLIX Command Line Interface→ CLIX Commands.

2.14 User Administration Tools SAP NetWeaver MDM uses its own mechanism to define users. The table below shows the tools used for user management and user administration with the business scenario.

Tool Detailed Description

DBMS Use the user management of your DBMS.

MDM Console Use the user management as described in the MDM Console Reference Guide. In the MDM Console you define the MDM user.

Java/.NET/ABAP APIs

All available APIs offer functions for user management. You can build your own user management tools on top of the APIs.

MDM CLIX The repUser set of MDM CLIX commands enable administrators to get information about, change, expire, and unexpire passwords for repository users.

2.14.1 Standard User The table below shows the standard user created by the system when you build a repository from scratch.

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Standard User

System User ID Password Description

MDM Repository Admin sapmdm MDM 7.1 – Installation Guide MDM 7.1 – Console Reference Guide

2.15 Emergency User Concept The emergency user concept defines how to access a system in case of loss of all administrative user credentials. To create a new password for the Admin user of an MDM repository, use the CLIX command repEmergencyAdminUserSetPassword. For complete information about this command, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installMDM71 → MDM Console Reference Guide → Part 14: CLIX Command Line Interface→ CLIX Commands.

2.16 LDAP Support Some MDM customers require support for LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) within the MDM system. This section discusses the various issues of LDAP use within MDM.

2.16.1 What is LDAP? Simply put, LDAP is a sort of database that allows a company to control, configure and distribute user privileges, rights, and access from a single location. Without LDAP, the system manager is forced to maintain familiarity with the proprietary access control mechanism offered by each software product, and to use each one to separately maintain access control information every time an employee is hired, moves, changes job within the organization, and so on. Imagine a company with thousands of employees and dozens of programs requiring access control, and it becomes clear how much of a burden it can be to manage access control without LDAP. By contrast, by using MDM in conjunction with LDAP, MDM customers can manage access control information in a single location with a common, familiar interface of their choosing.

2.16.2 How LDAP Works LDAP acts as a lookup into a directory, very similar to using a telephone book. For example, you can perform a general search, such as one that returns all instances of “Mary Lamb.” In BigFoot, this returns 100+ records in the United States. Or you can restrict the search by adding “in California” to the search, which then returns 6 records. It turns out that the BigFoot search engine is based on an LDAP directory that includes “Name” and “State” lookup categories. Owners of LDAP directories can retrieve additional fields, categories, or attributes, such as “Telephone Numbers,” “Primary Automobile,” “Hair Color,” or “MDM User Type.” This additional information can be used as well for additional selection criteria. For MDM to support LDAP, SAP has designated the information that MDM will be querying from and that must be entered and maintained within the customer’s LDAP database/directory.

Users, Roles and Authentication MDM 7.1 Security Guide LDAP Support

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2.16.3 Basic MDM LDAP Using LDAP within MDM conforms to the following guidelines:

● The customer is responsible for the maintenance and design of their LDAP directory. They must inform MDM of several LDAP directory fields and attributes so that MDM can properly search for user information. Unless an existing field is used, the customer must create one attribute field (named as desired) for MDM use.

● The MDM software adds no records to the LDAP directory, nor does it otherwise manage or make any design changes to its structure. It only performs “lookups” from the LDAP directory to read its contents.

● Single sign-on is not supported. Instead, MDM client software prompts the user for name and password. It was done this way for simplicity, interoperability with UNIX systems, and flexibility with various client programs or network configurations such as VPNs.

● MDM supports either LDAP users or MDM users, but not both simultaneously.

● MDM does not support connections to multiple LDAP directories.

2.16.4 MDM LDAP Fields The MDM LDAP fields are defined or created and then populated by the customer in the customer’s LDAP directory. Presently, MDM makes us of LDAP user group assignments, stored in LDAP fields. In rare cases when LDAP user group assignments cannot be used, MDM requires the addition of only one attribute field (unless an existing field is used): MDMRoles – a list of role names separated by semi-colons (;)

While SAP suggests the name MDMRoles, you are free to choose any name that suits your situation.

Since LDAP can allow multiple instances of an attribute, MDM will concatenate multiple entries as though they were in a single record separated by semi-colons (;).

2.16.5 LDAP Access All LDAP access is performed by the Master Data Server. Clients of the Master Data Server provide MDMUserName/MDMUserPass values, which MDM then validates with LDAP. LDAP contact information and other parameters relevant to MDM are maintained in the secure mds.ini file in a separate section named:

[MDM LDAP]

If this section is absent, then LDAP use is disabled.

Parameter Description

Listening Mode Specifies if the Master Data Server accepts unencrypted, encrypted, or both types of connections. Options are Unencrypted, SSL, or Both.

Secure Connection to Active Directory

Specifies if the Master Data Server connects securely to the Microsoft Active Directory LDAP server. Options are True or False.


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LDAP in Use Whether or not MDM should use LDAP. Options are True or False.

Server Server Port

LDAP system address (usually a DNS name). The LDAP Server specification can be either a hostname or an IP address to which MDM attempts to bind; optional Server Port defaults to 389.

Admin DN Admin Password

The full DN and password of an Admin that can search for the user’s full DN. For downward compatibility with previous releases MDM will construct a missing Admin DN from the following settings: Admin Identifier, Admin Name and Base DN. MDM does not need to be an administrative user to browse the directory. Just leave both Admin DN and Admin Password blank if directory setting allows anonymous binding.

Base DN

Any other lookup information, such as a base DN suffix, which can be used to distinguish this branch from others that the search should exclude (e.g. o=sap,c=US). It can also include information that differentiates one MDM instance from other MDM instances.

User Identifier The name of the LDAP id field which will match the value the user provides as the Username at logon. This would typically be something like “cn” or “uid.”

MDM Roles Attribute

The name of the LDAP attribute that will hold the group assignments, typically something like “memberOf”.

MDM Email Attribute

The name of the LDAP attribute that holds email addresses that are assigned to users and is required for workflow. Usually this attribute is “mail”.

Fallback in Use Whether or not MDM should use fallback methods to provide temporary, read-only access when connection to the LDAP server is interrupted. Options are True or False.

Group Identifier The name of the LDAP field which identifies groups. This is typically something like “cn” or “samAccountName”. This field is mandatory for Group Mapping algorithms. See MDM role algorithm below.

Member Attribute The name of the LDAP field that lists all members of an LDAP group, like “member”. This field is optional. It is used for instance with LDAP server IBM Tivoli, See MDM role algorithm below.

Page Size The number of records sent by the LDAP server per page. Default is 1000. This need not be changed unless the LDAP server setting differs.

User Filter Optional. Limits the users search result to LDAP user entries only.

Group Filter Optional. Limits the groups search result to LDAP group entries only.

* For True/False values that have a default, the default is highlighted in bold.


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All LDAP parameters except LDAP in Use can be changed in mds.ini without having to stop and restart MDS. You must run a Verify > Repair operation on all repositories mounted on a Master Data Server after changing the server’s LDAP in Use parameter.

2.16.6 MDM LDAP Algorithm (Basic) If the Master Data Server is not using LDAP, it will proceed with its traditional MDM-specific user authorization. By contrast, if the Master Data Server is configured to use LDAP and is unable to find the LDAP server, it will completely prevent any access to the MDM system, unless fallback parameters are specified. Consider the following mds.ini example for MS Active Directory:

[MDM LDAP] LDAP in Use=True Server=192.168.100.198 Server Port=389 Base DN=o=sap,c=US Admin DN=Manager,o=sap,c=US Admin Password=secret User Identifier=samAccountName MDM Roles Attribute=memberOf Group Identifier=samAccountName MDM Email Attribute=mail Fallback in Use=True

With these parameters, LDAP authorization by the Master Data Server proceeds according to the following steps: 1. MDM receives a connection request from a client process which includes a UserName

and UserPassword. 2. MDM binds to the LDAP Server using five parameters:

LDAP_Host LDAP_Port LDAP_AdminDN LDAP_AdminPass LDAP_BaseDN

This can fail if any of the parameter values are inaccurate.

3. As Admin, MDM searches for the full User DN (Distinguished Name) combining User Identifier and Base DN. Failure occurs if anything other than a single entry is retrieved.

4. MDM finds “uid=UserName” where baseDN=“o=sap,c=US.” This returns a full DN, such as “cn=Joe Cat, ou=Development, ou=Engineering, ou=People, o=sap, c=US.”

5. Using the full DN returned above, MDM derives the user MDM role assignments from the LDAP user group assignments. The LDAP group name maps almost directly to the MDM role name. MDM reads the attribute value, extracts the group name, drops the rest of the group’s distinguished name and treats the group name as role name.

6. The list of role names is then compared to those in the MDM system to determine which are valid. Roles not found are assumed to be associated with another MDM repository and are ignored (if this is a result of a typo, the user will likely notice that he is unable to perform certain expected activities).


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Do not worry about a role name occurring multiple times in your LDAP tree. However, for a case sensitive DBMS, such as Oracle, be sure to enter role names with the same case as stored in the MDM repository. Roles can be viewed from within MDM Console.

7. MDM then attempts to bind to the LDAP server using the full user DN and the provided

password. If this fails, the user is prevented from logging into MDM. This MDM LDAP algorithm applies not only in connection with Microsoft Active Directory, but also for other situations where user’s groups match MDM roles. For example, for IBM Tivoli Directory Server, the proper setting will be:

MDM Roles Attribute=ibm-allgroups Member Attribute=ibm-allMembers

2.16.7 MDM LDAP Algorithm (Alternative) The MDM LDAP algorithm described above makes use of LDAP user group assignments. In some rare cases, no groups are defined in LDAP or the defined groups cannot be used. An alternative approach is to store MDM role assignments in a configurable but dedicated attribute (which may require a schema change if no other existing LDAP field can be used). The idea is to retrieve user’s MDM role assignments directly from that LDAP field when a user logs on to an MDM application. The mds.ini setting for MDM role assignments retrieved from dedicated LDAP field is:

MDM Roles Attribute=MDMRoles Group Identifier=

The Group Identifier parameter must explicitly be set to empty to distinguish the alternative search algorithm from the basic algorithm.

2.16.8 MDM LDAP Algorithm (Fallback) When the Master Data Server is using LDAP (LDAP in Use=True) user validation can fail for several reasons, such as the LDAP Server cannot be reached or the username does not exist on that server. When Fallback in Use=True, the system tries to authenticate the user after such a failure, as follows: If the username is not validated in LDAP because either the user does not exist in LDAP, or the LDAP server is unreachable, then MDM will attempt to validate that user against the traditional, internal MDM methodology. With this method, the username (and accompanying roles) must already be defined in the particular MDM repository. This may be valuable for select usernames that you wish to maintain in MDM in addition to LDAP.

This kind of authentication should be restricted to admin users only. It should be used for testing or emergency only, like LDAP server downtime Although MDIS and MDSS could log-on on behalf of a repository Admin user if the fallback option was set, it's recommended to create technical users in the LDAP user directory for this purpose.


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2.16.9 MDM Architecture in LDAP Making MDM LDAP-aware includes the following:

● Inspect or configure the mds.ini file to determine whether MDM uses proprietary user validation or LDAP validation.

● Run a Verify > Repair operation on all repositories mounted on a Master Data Server after configuring the mds.ini file for LDAP validation.

● If using an LDAP viewer, perform security validation and retrieve role information from LDAP as outlined in the previous sections. Use the role names retrieved from LDAP rather than the MDM repository to initialize the user and login. Any roles that are not found in the current MDM repository are ignored, and if none of the roles in the LDAP list are found, the user is prevented from logging in.

Role names within MDM cannot contain semi-colons (;) nor start with an exclamation point (!), as enforced by MDM Console.

The MDM administrator must design a role-naming scheme to suit the particulars of the MDM installation/implementation. If there is more than one MDM repository (such as test and development repositories, subset repositories, and so on), these will all share the role names that are stored in LDAP.

While roles are designed and named via the MDM software, they are assigned to users via LDAP, centralizing this information outside of specific MDM repositories. For multi-repository environments, you may need to name roles in an MDM repository keeping in mind other repositories that could use the same role names. By having unique roles across all repositories, you can effectively control specific repository access to your users.

2.16.10 Restrictions and Limitations MDM Console users do not run under LDAP in the initial release of this functionality. We will review the value of putting MDM Console access under LDAP control at some future time.

2.16.11 LDAP Errors and MDM Errors that occur due to LDAP failures are returned to the client application. Therefore, you are likely to receive reports from clients when there are problems with your LDAP service.

You should always test changes to LDAP with the MDM client software that you use.

Some of the more common error messages are listed below.

Error Explanation / Possible Reasons

Ambiguous User More than one user exists with this login name.

User Authorization Failed

User exists, wrong password given.


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Error Explanation / Possible Reasons

Admin Authorization Failed

Invalid Admin DN or password setting in mds.ini. Invalid Admin Identifier setting in mds.ini. Invalid Base DN setting in mds.ini.

Invalid User User does not exist in LDAP. Invalid User Identifier setting in mds.ini.

Unable to Initialize LDAP Host

Server or port specified in mds.ini could not be reached.

Mds.ini Problem A required parameter is missing from the [MDM LDAP] section of mds.ini. Check the Master Data Server log for the missing parameter name.

User Has No Roles None of the roles retrieved from LDAP are valid for this repository. Invalid MDM Roles Attribute setting in mds.ini.

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3 Network and Communication Security Your network infrastructure is extremely important for protecting your system. Your network needs to support the communication necessary for your business without allowing unauthorized access. A well-defined network topology can eliminate many security threats caused by software errors (at both operating system and application level) or network attacks such as eavesdropping. If users cannot log onto your application or database servers at operating system or database layer, then there is no way for intruders to compromise the machines and gain access to the database or files of the backend system. Additionally, if users are not able to connect to the server LAN (local area network), they cannot exploit well-known bugs and security holes in network services on the server machines. The network topology for SAP NetWeaver MDM 7.1 is based on the topology used by the SAP NetWeaver platform. Therefore, the security guidelines and recommendations described in the SAP NetWeaver Security Guide also apply to the business scenario. Details that specifically apply to the business scenario are described in the following topics:

● Communication Channel Security As communication channels transfer all kinds of business data, they should be protected against unauthorized access.

● Network Security A minimum security requirement for your network infrastructure is the use of a firewall for all the services you provide in the Internet. A more secure method is to protect your systems (or groups of systems) by placing the "groups" in different network segments, each protected with a firewall against unauthorized access. External security attacks can also come from "inside", for example through social engineering.

● Communication Destinations Communication destinations within a SAP NetWeaver MDM installation have to be monitored. The kind of monitoring depends greatly on the implemented system landscape.

Carelessly handled users and authorizations for connection destinations can cause severe security issues. Golden rules for connection users and authorizations:

● Assign users only the minimum authorizations required.

● Choose a strong default password for new users.

● Users should choose secure and secret passwords, and change the default password after the first logon.

Network and Communication Security MDM 7.1 Security Guide Securing Communication Channels Using SSL

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3.1 Securing Communication Channels Using SSL Transport layer security for communication among MDM servers and clients is available using the Internet standard protocol Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). This optional encrypted channel runs alongside the existing MDM client-server TCP communication layer. MDM servers can be configured to allow clients to establish either unencrypted or secure SSL connections, and can handle both types of connections in parallel. Setting up secure communications within an MDM landscape involves the following steps:

1. Installing or upgrading MDM servers and clients to MDM 7.1 SP07 2. Configuring MDM servers for SSL. 3. Copying SSL library and client key files to client locations. 4. Creating secure connections from rich client UIs 5. Creating secure connections via APIs

MDM supports SSL for communication between MDM components only. Communications established between third party applications and MDM components, including, but not limited to the DBMS, are not affected by MDM security settings; however, the third party applications may provide their own form of communication security. For more information about which MDM components support SSL-based communication, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installmdm71 → Master Guide → Securing Communication Channels Using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).

3.2 Secure Connection Prerequisites All MDM servers and clients must be version 7.1 SP07 or higher. In addition, the following server-side and client-side components are required in order to establish secure connections on MDM systems. MDM server-side components:

• SSL Library file: sapcrypto.dll • Key file: SAPSSLS.PSE • Ticket file: ticket

MDM client-side components: • SSL Library file: sapcrypto.dll • Key file: CLIENT.PSE • Ticket file: ticket

Key files and ticket files are created automatically during the installation/upgrade process, but the SSL Library file must be downloaded separately. For information about downloading the SSL Library file, see SAP Note 397175.

The ticket file must be located in the same directory as the SSL Library file.

Rich UI clients such as MDM Console, MDM Data Manager, MDM Syndicator, and MDM Import Manager require the 32-bit version of the SSL Library file.

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Network and Communication Security MDM 7.1 Security Guide Configuring MDM Servers for SSL

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3.3 Configuring MDM Servers for SSL Server-side SSL settings are stored in a server’s .ini file. For information about configuring MDM server parameters, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installmdm71 → MDM Console Reference Guide → Part 7: MDS Administration.

If you are upgrading from a version of MDM prior to MDM 7.1 SP07, the parameters described in this section must be manually added to your server configuration files. They are added automatically only for new installations of MDM 7.1 SP07.

3.3.1 MDS Configuration The following Master Data Server (MDS) settings are stored under the [MDM Server] section of the mds.ini file.


Listening Mode Specifies if the Master Data Server accepts unencrypted, encrypted, or both types of connections. Options are Unencrypted, SSL, or Both.

SSL Lib Path The path to the server‘s SSL Library file.

SSL Key Path The path to the server‘s SAPSSLS.PSE file

If the Listening Mode parameter is set to Unencrypted, attempts by clients to establish secure connections to the Master Data Server will fail.

3.3.2 Auxiliary and Slave Server Configuration The following auxiliary server (MDIS, MDSS, MDLS) settings are stored in mdis.ini, mdss.ini, and mdls.ini under the header: [MDM Server\Remote Server\<MDSHOST>:portNumber]

where <MDSHOST> is the name of the machine on which the MDS is installed and portNumber is the listening port for the specified MDS (for example, myhost:50051).


Service Control Security Enabled

Options are True or False. Must always be False on UNIX landscape.

SSL Enabled Specifies if the server connects to MDS on an unencrypted or SSL port. Options are True or False. For the server to establish a secure connection to MDS, this parameter must be set to True.

SSL Lib Path The path to the auxiliary server‘s SSL Library file.

SSL Key Path The path to the auxiliary server‘s SAPSSLS.PSE file

The <MDSHOST>:portNumber value in the Remote Server heading must exactly match the Server value located under the [GLOBAL] heading in the auxiliary server’s.ini file.

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The header and parameters described in this section must also be added to the mds.ini file of any remote MDS on which a slave repository is mounted. For more information, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installmdm71 → MDM Console Reference Guide → Part 7: MDS Administration →SSL-Specific Parameters for a Client MDS.

3.4 Connecting Securely from MDM Clients 3.4.1 Connecting Securely from MDM Console Icons in the Console Hierarchy tree display “locks” to indicate a secure connection to a SSL-enabled server was established when the server was mounted on the Console.

Secure connections to SSL-enabled MDM servers must be configured from within an MDM Console. For more information, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installMDM71 → MDM Console Reference Guide → Part 7: MDS Administration → Accessing Master Data Servers.

3.4.2 Connecting Securely from other Rich Clients When connecting MDM Data Manager, MDM Import Manager, MDM Syndicator, or MDM Publisher to a repository on an SSL-enabled Master Data Server, a “lock” icon appears on the client’s Connect To MDM Repository dialog.

Secure connections to repositories on SSL-enabled MDM servers must be configured from within each client. For information, see “Setting Up Secure Repository Connections” in the client’s reference guide.

Network and Communication Security MDM 7.1 Security Guide Connecting Securely from MDM Clients

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3.4.3 Connecting Securely from MDM CLIX Before you can connect CLIX to an SSL-enabled Master Data Server, you must add the paths to the client-side SSL library and key files to the clix.ini file. Adding the –Y[+] option flag to a CLIX command then encrypts communication with the MDS. For more information, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installmdm71 → MDM Console Reference Guide → Part 14: CLIX Command Line Interface.

3.4.4 Connecting Securely from MDM APIs For information about establishing SSL secure connections from applications that use MDM Java or .NET APIs, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installmdm71 → MDM Java and .NET API →:

● Getting Started with Java API ● Tasks Managing → Connections and Sessions

For information about establishing SSL secure connections from ABAP API applications, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installmdm71 → MDM ABAP API → Configuring MDM ABAP API for SNC.

3.4.5 Connecting Securely from MDM Web UIs For information about establishing SSL secure connections from Web UIs, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installmdm71 →:

● MDM Portal Content Development Guide → Connecting with the MDM Repository → Configuring a System Object

● MDM Web Dynpro Components Guide → Installing the MDM Web Dynpro Environment → Creating a Destination for the MDM Repository

3.4.6 Connecting Securely from MDM Web Services For information about establishing SSL secure connections from Web UIs, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installmdm71 → MDM Web Services Guide →:

● MDM Web Services Generator (Design Time) → Generating a New Web Service ● Generated Web Services (Runtime) → Creating MDM Destinations for Web Service

Operation Calls ● Generated Web Services (Runtime) → Installing MDM Web Services Runtime

Environment → MDM Web Services Security ● Generated Web Services (Runtime) → Data Types → Common Data Types →

Generic Data Types → RepositoryInformation Data Type ● Generated Web Services (Runtime) → Web Services and Operations → Generic

Functionality for Web Service Operations → Connecting the MDM Repository at Runtime

3.4.7 Connecting Securely from MDM PI Adaptor For information about establishing SSL secure connections from the MDM PI Adaptor, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installmdm71 → MDM PI Adapter Guide → Setting Up Messaging → MDM Adapter Specific Configuration.

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Network and Communication Security MDM 7.1 Security Guide Server Landscape

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3.4.8 Connecting Securely from MDM Enrichment Contoller

For information about establishing SSL secure connections from the MDM PI Adaptor, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installmdm71 → MDM Enrichment Architecture Guide → Editing the Configuration File of the Enrichment Controller.

3.5 Server Landscape It is possible to install MDM servers and the DBMS on the same or on different physical server machines. The MDM server landscape should be placed within a secured area, even in a closed corporate network. You should ensure that the DBMS cannot be accessed by end users (except for the database administrator) using any kind of management tools, as certain scenarios require that the database user and password for end users are available.

3.6 Communication Channels Used 3.6.1 Client/MDS Communication In general, the Master Data Server (MDS) communicates with the following applications or APIs using TCP/IP:

● MDM Console ● MDM Data Manager ● MDM Image Manager ● MDM Syndicator ● MDM Publisher ● MDM Import Manager ● Master Data Import Server ● Master Data Layout Server ● Master Data Syndication Server ● MDM Java API ● MDM .NET API ● MDM Clix (Command Line Tool)

A native protocol is used for communication between the different servers and between the servers and clients. The Master Data Server also contains an RFC server. It is used to communicate with the MDM ABAP (for more information, see “Remote Function Call” below ).

3.6.2 MDS/Database Server Communication MDS uses the ODBC API to connect to the databases.

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3.7 Network Ports Used As of MDM 7.1 SP08, MDM uses the following default listening ports:

Application Unencrypted Port SSL Port

MDS 59950 59951

MDLS 59650 59651

MDIS 59750 59751

MDSS 59850 59851

You can configure different listening ports from the installer when you install/upgrade MDM. For more information, see SAP Service Marketplace at service.sap.com/installmdm71 → Installation Guide or Upgrade Guide.

3.8 Remote Function Call The Master Data Server (MDS) contains a Remote Function Call (RFC) server. This RFC server is used to connect through MDM ABAP API, which is an add-on for the SAP NetWeaver Java Application Server (Java AS). The RFC functions delivered within MDS can only be called from a trusted Java AS.

3.9 Secure Connection to Microsoft Active Directory Configuration

The following Master Data Server (MDS) setting is stored under the [LDAP] section of the mds.ini file.


Secure Connection to Active Directory

Specifies if the Master Data Server connects securely to the Microsoft Active Directory LDAP server. Options are True or False.

3.10 Authentication of Trusted Connections SAP NetWeaver MDM 7.1 offers a Trusted Connection mechanism for authentication of client connections to MDS. When enabled, there are two modes of client authentication: IP and SSL.

When IP-based authentication is enabled, all requests for trusted connections coming from trusted IP addresses will be accepted. This form of authentication is vulnerable to IP spoofing attacks. SSL-based authentication for trusted connections removes this vulnerability.

When SSL-based authentication is enabled, all requests for trusted connections coming from trusted distinguished names (DNs) will be accepted.

3.10.1 Trusted Connection Configuration Parameters The following Master Data Server (MDS) settings are stored under the [MDM Server] section of the mds.ini file.


Trusted Connection Authentication Mode

Specifies the type of authentication required for trusted connections to the Master Data Server (MDS). Options are None, IP, SSL, or Both.

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If the Trusted Connection Authentication Mode parameter is set to None, no trusted connections will be accepted. If set to IP or Both, a warning will be logged of the risks of activating IP-based authentication.

SSL-based authentication of trusted connections also requires the Master Data Server’s Listening Mode parameter to be set to SSL or Both .

3.11 IP-Based Trusted Connections IP-based trusted connections enable users from “safe” machines to access Master Data Servers and repositories using their sign-on credentials only (without having to additionally provide Master Data Server and repository passwords).

IP-bases trusted connections are currently available to SAP system usernames only. Users must still provide a DBMS password for operations which require a connection to the DBMS.

3.11.1 How IP-Based Trusted Connections Work There are three basic elements in a trusted connection:

● Trusted System. The machine sending the connection request.

● Authenticated User. The username signed on to the trusted system.

● Master Data Server. The Master Data Server receiving the connection request. Trusted systems are identified by IP address in a special file (allow.ip). In this file, you can enter IP addresses for individual machines or for an entire subnet. Requests from IP addresses not included in this file are automatically denied. An optional file, deny.ip, lets you restrict specific IP addresses within an otherwise “allowed” subnet.

You must create the allow.ip and deny.ip files, they are not created automatically by MDM.

By default, the Master Data Server looks for allow.ip and deny.ip in the folder containing the Master Data Server executable file (mds.exe). You can change this location by modifying the TrustFilesDir parameter in the Master Data Server configuration file (mds.ini). In order for users to connect to an MDM repository from a trusted connection, their usernames must exist on the MDM repository’s Users table. Alternatively, if the Master Data Server is configured for LDAP use, the username must exist in the LDAP directory referenced in the Master Data Server configuration file. If no matching username is found on the Users table or LDAP directory, access to the MDM repository is denied. Once connected, users are permitted access to MDM repository data and functions based on the MDM role(s) assigned to their MDM or LDAP usernames. Each Master Data Server must maintain its own trusted connections. The tables and parameters required for trusted connections are described below.


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File Description

allow.ip A flat, text-only file containing the IP addresses of trusted systems. Connections requests from systems not included in this list are automatically denied. Only one IP address can be entered per line. Wildcards can be used to signify an entire subnet. For example, 10.17.79.* or 10.17.* or 10.* Comments can be inserted by placing a # in the first column. Placed by default in the same folder as mds.exe.

deny.ip A flat, text -only file containing the IP addresses of excepted machines in an allowed subnet. Connection requests from IP addresses in this file are denied. Same comments as allow.ip. File is optional.

mds.ini The parameter TrustFiles Dir identifies the location of the allow.ip and deny.ip files. This is set by default to the folder where the Master Data Server executable file (mds.exe) is located.

The Master Data Server must be restarted after modifying the allow.ip or deny.ip files.

3.11.2 SSL-Based Trusted Connections For SSL-based authentication of trusted connections, the list of trusted distinguished names must be maintained in an allow.dn file, where each trusted distinguished name must appear on its own line in the file, in the format:

issuerName:<distinguished name>:subjectName:<distinguished name>

The batch scripts described in “Configuring SSL-Based Trusted Connections” below create an allow.dn file formatted for use with MDM. If an allow.dn file already exists, the scripts will append distinguished names to the file provided.

3.11.3 Configuring SSL-Based Trusted Connections Batch script files (*.bat) for creating and/or importing certificates for use with SSL-based trusted connections are included with MDM CLIX for Windows (version 7.1 SP8 Patch 1 and higher only). These files can be found in the CLIX installation directory.

The batch script files described below require JDK Java 1.5 to be installed on the Windows machine running the scripts.


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3.11.3.1 To Create PK12 Certificates and Import Them to MDM Key Storage Using the MDM Destination Administration Tool

1. Place the following items in a temporary directory on a Windows machine: o genTrustedPK12.bat

o sapgenpse.exe o sapcrypto.dll o SAPSSLS.pse o allow.dn (if it exists, othewrise the batch file will generate it)

2. Run genTrustedPK12.bat 3. Copy the generated *.p12 client key and client.crt files to the trusted java API

client host. 4. Copy SAPSSLS.pse to \usr\sap\<SID>\MDS<instance number>\sec on the

MDS host. 5. Copy allow.dn to \usr\sap\<SID>\MDS<instance number>\sec on the MDS

host.. 6. Delete files from the temporary directory.

Steps to perform on the trusted Java API client host:

1. Open the MDM Destination Administration Tool. 2. Create a new MDM destination for a trusted SSL connection as follows:

1) In the Logon Parameters tab choose Client Certificate as the Trusted System Type.

2) In the Connection Parameters tab, import the client.crt and .p12 files to MDM Key Storage.

•


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3.11.3.2 To Create and Import Java KeyStore Certificates 1. Place the following items in a temporary directory on a Windows machine:

o genTrustedJKS.bat o sapgenpse.exe o sapcrypto.dll o SAPSSLS.pse o allow.dn (if it exists, othewrise the batch file will generate it)

2. Run genTrustedJKS.bat 3. Copy the *.jks key file created by the batch script to machine where the java API

client is hosted (see the MDM Java API Reference Guide for more information about including these files in your Java applications).

4. Copy SAPSSLS.pse to \usr\sap\<SID>\MDS<instance number>\sec on the MDS host.

5. Copy allow.dn to \usr\sap\<SID>\MDS<instance number>\exe on the MDS host.

6. Delete the files from the temporary directory

3.11.3.3 To Import Certificate Authority-Generated PK12 Certificates 1. Place the following items in a temporary directory on a Windows machine:

o importClientPK12ToServerPSE.bat o sapgenpse.exe o sapcrypto.dll o SAPSSLS.pse o PK12 file (*.p12) o allow.dn (if it exists, othewrise the batch file will generate it)

2. Run importClientPK12ToServerPSE.bat 3. Copy the *.p12 key file to the java API client host. 4. Copy SAPSSLS.pse to \usr\sap\<SID>\MDS<instance number>\sec on the

MDS host. 5. Copy allow.dn to \usr\sap\<SID>\MDS<instance number>\exe on the MDS

host. 6. Delete the files from the temporary directory.

3.11.3.4 To Import Certificate Authority-Generated x509 Certificates 1. Place the following items in a temporary directory on a Windows machine:

o importClientCertToServerPSE.bat o sapgenpse.exe o sapcrypto.dll o SAPSSLS.pse o X509 certificate (*.crt) o allow.dn (if it exists, othewrise the batch file will generate it)

2. Run importClientCertToServerPSE.bat 3. Copy SAPSSLS.pse to \usr\sap\<SID>\MDS<instance number>\sec on the

MDS host. 4. Copy allow.dn to \usr\sap\<SID>\MDS<instance number>\exe on the MDS

host. 5. Delete the files from the temporary directory.


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3.11.4 ABAP API Trusted Connection: The ABAP API always passes the logged on AS ABAP user (sy-uname) to the Master Data Server. The AS ABAP user must also be available in the repository (this is not valid for an LDAP scenario) to be able to log onto that repository using the ABAP API. In particular, the Master Data Server trusts a specific AS ABAP server in the landscape.

3.11.5 Java/.NET Trusted Connection: A specific system in the landscape can be trusted. If one of the APIs is running on the trusted system, it can access the Master Data Server or repository just by submitting an existing user name.

There is no control mechanism like in ABAP for the transmitted user name. You can pass an arbitrary user name to the Master Data Server.

The application on top of the API has to ensure that unauthorized access to the Master Data Server through user name is prevented.

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4 Authorization Concepts and Management 4.1 Separation of Duties Support The "4-eyes-principle"/"dual control" is often used to protect critical transactions. This means that access (or completing an action) is only allowed if at least one additional person has given his or her approval through a suitable approval process. This is also applicable for administrative tasks.

The Master Data Server does not support the separation of duties.

Proposed solution: Separation can be implemented for applications on top of the available APIs (.NET, Java, ABAP).

4.2 Change Log for Authorization Management Auditors need a trace that shows “who had which authorization when”. The audit log records the creation, change and deletion of users and roles as well as the assignment of roles to users.

When a role is created, the corresponding authorizations are not added to the log. Roles are always created with full privileges. When a role is updated, the changes are recorded in the log.

Example of a function log entry: <repositoryAdmin><role action="modify" id="2"><functionRight> <function>16777216</function><access>1</access> </functionRight></role></repositoryAdmin> In this case the role with ID 2 has been modified. The authorization with ID 16777216 (see function ID map below) has been set to 1 (Execute). Example of a tables and fields log entry: <repositoryAdmin><role action="modify" id="5"><objectRight> <object>1</object><type>0</type><access>2</access> </objectRight></role></repositoryAdmin> In this case the role with ID 5 has been modified. The table access with ID 1 has been set to 2 (Read-only). Legend of access values: Function log: 1 = Execute 0 = None Table and field log: 2 = Read-only 3 = Read/write

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Function ID map:

Records

Function ID in log: Corresponding hex value: Function name:

16777217 1000001 AddRecords

16777218 1000002 ModifyRecords

16777233 1000011 ModifyCheckedOutRecords

16777219 1000003 DeleteRecords

16777220 1000004 MergeRecords

16777234 1000012 MergeCheckedOutRecords

16777221 1000005 ProtectRecords

16777222 1000006 UnprotectRecords

16777223 1000007 CheckOutRecords

16777235 1000013 CheckOutNewRecords

16777224 1000008 CheckInRecords

16777225 1000009 RollBackRecords

16777226 0100000A CheckInNonOwned

16777227 0100000B RollBackNonOwned

16777228 0100000C ModifyJoinNonOwned

16777229 0100000D has been used before

16777230 0100000E has been used before

16777231 0100000F has been used before

16777232 1000010 Has not been used before

Images


33554433 2000001 ModifyImagePrintSize

33554434 2000002 CropAndRotateImages

Hierarchy


50331649 3000001 MoveHierarchy

50331650 3000002 HideChildren

50331651 3000003 CreateAliases

Taxonomy


67108865 4000001 AddAttributes

67108866 4000002 DeleteAttributes

67108867 4000003 ModifyAttributes


April 2012 31

67108868 4000004 ConvertAttributeType

67108869 4000005 SplitAttribute

67108870 4000006 MergeAttributes

67108871 4000007 SetAttributePriority

67108872 4000008 ModifyLinkedAttributes

67108873 4000009 ReassignAttributeRatings

67108874 0400000a AddMatchingSets

67108875 0400000b DeleteMatchingSets

67108876 0400000c ModifyMatchingSets

67108877 0400000d Partition

67108878 0400000e ConsolidateChildren

Families


100663297 6000001 SynchronizeFamilyTree

100663298 6000002 ModifyFamilyData

100663299 6000003 ModifyFamilyPartitioning

Layouts


117440513 7000001 ModifyLayout

117440514 7000002 RenameLayoutColumns

Publications


134217729 8000001 AddPublications

134217730 8000002 DeletePublications

134217731 8000003 RenamePublications

134217732 8000004 AddPublicationNodes

134217748 8000014 AddSectionNodes

134217749 8000015 AddInternalNodes

134217750 8000016 AddPresentationNodes

134217733 8000005 DeletePublicationNodes

134217751 8000017 DeleteSectionNodes

134217752 8000018 DeleteInternalNodes

134217753 8000019 DeletePresentationNodes

134217734 8000006 MovePublicationNodes

134217735 8000007 RenamePublicationNodes

134217754 0800001a SplitSectionNodes


April 2012 32

134217755 0800001b CombineSectionNodes

134217742 0800000e ModifyCachedLayoutItems

134217743 0800000f ModifySectionNodeData

134217744 8000010 ModifyPresentationNodeData

134217745 8000011 AddSpreads

134217746 8000012 DeleteSpreads

134217747 8000013 ModifySpreads

134217756 0800001c ShuffleSection

134217757 0800001d AddPages

134217758 0800001e DeletePages

134217759 0800001f MovePages

134217760 8000020 AddPresentations

134217761 8000021 DeletePresentations

134217762 8000022 MovePresentations

134217763 8000023 RecoverPresentationItems

134217768 8000028 AddItemsToSnapshot

134217764 8000024 DeletePresentationItems

134217765 8000025 RelocatePresentationItems

134217766 8000026 FlowSection

134217767 8000027 ApplyTemplates

134217769 8000029 PurgeDisconnectedFromSnap

134217736 8000008 ModifyPublicationLayout

134217738 0800000a ModifyPublicationFamilyData

134217739 0800000b ModifyPublicationRecords

134217740 0800000c ModifyPublicationFormat

134217741 0800000d ModifyDocWorkspace

Publisher Checkout


251658241 0F000001 CheckoutPubObj

251658242 0F000002 AssignPubObjCheckout

251658243 0F000003 OverridePubObjCheckout

Publisher Indexes


167772161 0A000001 AddPubIndices

167772162 0A000002 DeletePubIndices

167772163 0A000003 RenamePubIndices


April 2012 33

167772164 0A000004 ModifyPubIndexDataSource

167772165 0A000005 ModifyPubIndexKeyDefs

167772166 0A000006 ModifyPubIndexEntryRedefines

167772167 0A000007 ModifyPubIndexProperties

167772168 0A000008 ModifyPubIndexStyles

167772169 0A000009 ModifyPubIndexDocumentProperties

167772170 0A00000A AddPubIndexSource

167772171 0A00000B DeletePubIndexSource

Branded Client


150994958 0900000e ModifyMultipleRecords

150994959 0900000f DeleteMultipleRecords

150994945 9000001 AddToMask

150994946 9000002 RemoveFromMask

150994947 9000003 ReplaceInMask

150994948 9000004 ModifyMask

150994949 9000005 ImportFromExcel

150994950 9000006 ExportToText

150994951 9000007 ExportToExcel

150994952 9000008 ExportToAccess

150994953 9000009 SaveOriginalToDisk

150994954 0900000a EnableFamilyModifications

150994955 0900000b EnableLayoutModifications

150994956 0900000c EnablePublicationModifications

150994957 0900000d EnablePubIndexModifications

150994976 9000020 SetNamedSearch

Distributions Role


184549377 0B000001 AddImportMaps

184549378 0B000002 ModifyImportMaps

184549379 0B000003 DeleteImportMaps

184549380 0B000004 AddExportMaps

184549381 0B000005 ModifyExportMaps

184549382 0B000006 DeleteExportMaps

184549383 0B000007 EnableKeyMapping

Authorization Concepts and Management MDM 7.1 Security Guide Change Log Archiving

April 2012 34

Administration


201326593 0C000001 DescribeRepository

201326594 0C000002 MaintainRegions

201326595 0C000003 MaintainConnection

201326596 0C000004 MaintainRepositorySettings

201326597 0C000005 SynchronizeSlave

201326598 0C000006 NormalizeRepository

201326599 0C000007 ShareRepository

201326600 0C000008 UnlockRepository

201326601 0C000009 CompactRepository

201326602 0C00000a RepairRepository

201326603 0C00000b TruncateChangeLog

201326604 0C00000c RefreshCalcFields

201326605 0C00000d StartRepository

201326606 0C00000e StopRepository

Schema


218103809 0D000001 ImportSchema

218103810 0D000002 ExportSchema

218103811 0D000003 AddTable

218103812 0D000004 ModifyTable

218103813 0D000005 DeleteTable

218103814 0D000006 AddField

218103815 0D000007 ModifyField

218103816 0D000008 DeleteField

218103817 0D000009 AddSchemaObject

218103818 0D00000a ModifySchemaObject

218103819 0D00000b DeleteSchemaObject

4.3 Change Log Archiving Changes to authorizations are logged in the MDS_Audit log file. If a log file exceeds a size of 2 MB, a new file is created. Since logs are not overwritten, you can create a long-term archive.

There is no MDM tool for archiving old log files. Older log files should be archived manually or using an archive tool.

Auditing MDM 7.1 Security Guide Logging of Security-Relevant Information

April 2012 35

5 Auditing 5.1 Logging of Security-Relevant Information The Master Data Server contains a logging functionality for security-relevant information. The logs are stored as CSV files in the usr\sap\<SAPSID>\<instance_name>\log directory. You can view them from the MDM Console. There are two types of logs:

● MDS_Audit: Security-relevant Information

● MDS_Log: Technical server logs (not described further in this guide) If a log file exceeds a size of 2 MB, a new file is created. Since logs are not overwritten, you can create a long-term archive. Due to the risk of running out of hard disk space, you should archive old log files or (if there is no need for a long-term archive) delete them from time to time. The following security-relevant information is logged: Server:

● Start/stop server instance

● Change server password

● Log onto server Repository:

● Log onto or off from repository

● Create/delete

● Start/stop/repair

● Rename repository (log shows only new name)

● Archive (log shows only name of repository to archive)

● Unarchive repository (log shows only name of archive target)

● Archive/unarchive publication model (log shows the same data as archive/unarchive repository)

● Create slave (log shows only slave name)

● Export schema (log does not show the schema’s origin or target name)

● Create repository from schema (log shows only name of target repository)

● Change DBMS settings (log shows only change event, but no further details)

● Add/update/delete role (log shows only update event, but no further details)

● Add/update/delete user

● Update change tracking (log shows only update event, but no further details)

● Create/update/delete port (log shows only events, but no further details) Repository Metadata:

● Create/update/delete table (log shows only event, but no further details)

● Create/update/delete table field (log shows only event, but no further details. No information about corresponding table available.)

● Create/update/delete tuple (log shows only event, but no further details)

● Create/update/delete tuple field (log shows only event, but no further details)

Content Security MDM 7.1 Security Guide Document and File Upload

April 2012 36

6 Content Security 6.1 Document and File Upload The Master Data Server can store documents (PDF) and files (images, sounds, videos, and binary objects) in the database. It does not contain an integrated virus scanner. Documents and files should be checked with a separate virus scanner before they are released for uploading.

7 MDM File Locations and File System Security

Under Windows, the base directory is usr\sap\<SAPSID>\<instance_name>. Under Linux/Solaris, you can set the base directory to a different directory. In both cases, additional directories are created under BASEDIR\mdm as follows:

● Config:

○ Contains the configuration ini file

○ Access recommendation: Do not share

● Data:

○ Contains cached information


● Exe:

○ Contains the application


● Log:

○ Contains MDM log files.

○ Access recommendation: Can be made available to MDM administrators

● MDM

○ Accelerator

■ Contains accelerator files for repositories

■ Access recommendation: Do not share

○ Archives

■ Contains created repository archives

■ Access recommendation: Can be made available to MDM administrators

○ Distributions

■ Contains port configuration files and is used as file shelf for file import/export using ports

■ Access recommendation: Should only be shared if an import scenario that accesses the file system directly is implemented

MDM File Locations and File System Security MDM 7.1 Security Guide Session IDs

April 2012 37

○ Reports

■ Contains repository operation (archive, duplicate, load, unarchive, update, verify check, verify repair) reports

■ Access recommendation: Can be made available to MDM administrators

● Sec

○ Not used.

● Work

○ This is the work directory of all processes (SAPStartSrv, MDS, MDIS, MDSS, MDLS) started by the instance. The folder is used to store a trace. Log files and long-term archiving files should never be stored in this directory. This directory can be made available to MDM administrators, and can be accessed using the SAPControl WebService or the SAPmmc Console.

If the access recommendation of a folder is restricted, it has to be protected by operating system settings.

7.1 Session IDs The Master Data Server uses session IDs to authenticate client users. There are different sessions for different purposes:

● Server session (certain console functions)

● Admin session (certain console functions).

● User session (data manager functions).

The session ID does not change when the authentication status changes. If a session ID is detected before it is authenticated, it might be misused at a later point of time after authentication of the user. The randomly-defined part of the session ID is 64 bits long. It is not impossible to guess a valid session ID (128 bit length would be necessary for that).

Proposed solution: Secure the communication channel using IPSec or a comparable measure.

7.2 User Session Lock A long inactivity (for example, 30 minutes) implies that the user has left his or her work place. If the application is not locked, unauthorized persons can access the application from the unattended computer.

The MDM user session is not locked after an inactive period of time and re-authentication of the user is not necessary

All client applications run under Microsoft Windows. The operating system should be configured so that it locks automatically after a certain period of inactivity. This prevents unauthorized users from accessing the application and the corresponding user session.

Regulatory Compliance MDM 7.1 Security Guide Person-Related Data

April 2012 38

8 Regulatory Compliance 8.1 Person-Related Data Person-related data is an important topic within a master data environment. One of the tasks of the application is to handle the regulations regarding person-related data. In this context, the Master Data Management Server is only used as data storage in certain cases.

Depending on the use case and the application on top of the Master Data Management Server in the environment, the application must comply with the following rules:

■ Master data applications must provide the capability to avoid unnecessary storage of person-related data.

■ Master data applications must provide the capability to notify a person if data related to this person is stored for the first time.

■ Master data applications must support deletion of personal data.

■ It must be possible to store the agreement of the affected person to the storage of his/her personal data.

■ Processing of person-related data must be limited to the primary reason for storing the data.

■ Person-related data stored for different reasons must be stored separately.

■ The transfer of person-related data to other systems must be logged. The points above should be kept in mind when you create applications on top of the SAP Master Data Server (for example, using one of the available APIs).