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MDS2/3CLM: Lecture 2 Theories of Myth (1) Image taken by Lonnie Dunn hAp://www.flickr.com/photos/archaicwarrior/6770461997/

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Page 1: MDS2/3CLM:** Lecture*2*Theories*of*Myth*(1)*webstat.latrobe.edu.au/www/marketing/assets/podcasts/subjects/m… · MYTHOLOGY:*DEFINITION** * • Myth*noun.*1*a tradiSonal*story,*especially*one*

MDS2/3CLM:    Lecture  2  Theories  of  Myth  (1)  

Image  taken  by  Lonnie  Dunn  hAp://www.flickr.com/photos/archaicwarrior/6770461997/  

Page 2: MDS2/3CLM:** Lecture*2*Theories*of*Myth*(1)*webstat.latrobe.edu.au/www/marketing/assets/podcasts/subjects/m… · MYTHOLOGY:*DEFINITION** * • Myth*noun.*1*a tradiSonal*story,*especially*one*
Page 3: MDS2/3CLM:** Lecture*2*Theories*of*Myth*(1)*webstat.latrobe.edu.au/www/marketing/assets/podcasts/subjects/m… · MYTHOLOGY:*DEFINITION** * • Myth*noun.*1*a tradiSonal*story,*especially*one*

MYTHOLOGY:  DEFINITION      

•  Myth  noun.  1  a  tradiSonal  story,  especially  one  concerning  the  early  history  of  a  people  or  explaining  some  natural  or  social  phenomenon,  and  typically  involving  supernatural  beings  or  events.  

 [mass  noun]  such  stories  collecSvely:  the  heroes  of  Greek  myth.  

New  Oxford  Dic6onary  (1998)  s.v.  ‘myth’    

 •  Ae'ologies  

Page 4: MDS2/3CLM:** Lecture*2*Theories*of*Myth*(1)*webstat.latrobe.edu.au/www/marketing/assets/podcasts/subjects/m… · MYTHOLOGY:*DEFINITION** * • Myth*noun.*1*a tradiSonal*story,*especially*one*

MYTHOLOGY:  DEFINITION    

2a  widely  held  but  false  belief  or  idea:  dispelling  the  myth  that  croquet  is  a  genteel  Sunday  a?ernoon  pas6me  /  [mass  noun]  contrary  to  popular  myth,  the  south-­‐east  does  not  consist  en6rely  of  rich  people.      a  misrepresenta'on  of  the  truth:  aBacking  the  party’s  irresponsible  myths  about  priva6za6on.        

Page 5: MDS2/3CLM:** Lecture*2*Theories*of*Myth*(1)*webstat.latrobe.edu.au/www/marketing/assets/podcasts/subjects/m… · MYTHOLOGY:*DEFINITION** * • Myth*noun.*1*a tradiSonal*story,*especially*one*

MYTHOLOGY:  DEFINITION    

   a  ficSSous  or  imaginary  person  or  thing.    an  exaggerated  or  idealized  concepSon  of  a  person  or  thing:  the  book  is  a  scholarly  study  of  the  Churchill  myth.    

Page 6: MDS2/3CLM:** Lecture*2*Theories*of*Myth*(1)*webstat.latrobe.edu.au/www/marketing/assets/podcasts/subjects/m… · MYTHOLOGY:*DEFINITION** * • Myth*noun.*1*a tradiSonal*story,*especially*one*

Origins  

mid  19th  cent.:  from  modern  LaSn  mythus,  via  late  LaSn  from  Greek  muthos.      [vs.  logos]  

Page 7: MDS2/3CLM:** Lecture*2*Theories*of*Myth*(1)*webstat.latrobe.edu.au/www/marketing/assets/podcasts/subjects/m… · MYTHOLOGY:*DEFINITION** * • Myth*noun.*1*a tradiSonal*story,*especially*one*

MYTHOLOGY  

mythology  noun.  1  a  collecSon  of  myths,  especially  one  belonging  to  a  parScular  religious  or  cultural  tradiSon:  Ganesha  was  the  god  of  wisdom  and  success  in  Hindu  mythology.  

   2  the  study  of  myths.    ORIGIN  late  Middle  English  [c.14th  c.]:  from  French  mythologie,  or  via  late  LaSn  from  Greek  muthologia,  from  muthos  ‘myth’  +  logia  ‘collecSon’    

     

Page 8: MDS2/3CLM:** Lecture*2*Theories*of*Myth*(1)*webstat.latrobe.edu.au/www/marketing/assets/podcasts/subjects/m… · MYTHOLOGY:*DEFINITION** * • Myth*noun.*1*a tradiSonal*story,*especially*one*

Myth  vs.  Legend?  

legend  noun  1  a  tradiSonal  story  someSmes  popularly  regarded  as  historical  but  not  authenScated:  the  legend  of  King  Arthur/  [mass  noun]  according  to  legend  he  banished  all  the  snakes  from  Ireland  

 2  an  extremely  famous  or  notorious  person,  especially  in  a  parScular  field:  the  man  was  a  living  legend/  a  screen  legend.  

 3  (historical)  the  story  of  a  saint’s  life:  the  mosaics  illustrate  the  Legends  of  the  Saints.  ORIGIN  from  Old  French  legende,  from  medieval  La'n  legenda  ‘things  to  be  read’,  from  La'n  legere  ‘read’.    Sense  1  dates  from  the  early  17th  century.    

Page 9: MDS2/3CLM:** Lecture*2*Theories*of*Myth*(1)*webstat.latrobe.edu.au/www/marketing/assets/podcasts/subjects/m… · MYTHOLOGY:*DEFINITION** * • Myth*noun.*1*a tradiSonal*story,*especially*one*

Where  did  ‘myth’  come  from?  

Marcel  De'enne  The  Inven6on  of  Mythology  (1981)    -­‐  Myth  is  an  18th  c.  construcSon      Paul  Veyne  Did  the  Greeks  Believe  in  Their  Myths?  An  Essay  on  the  Cons6tu6ve  Imagina6on  (1983)  

Page 10: MDS2/3CLM:** Lecture*2*Theories*of*Myth*(1)*webstat.latrobe.edu.au/www/marketing/assets/podcasts/subjects/m… · MYTHOLOGY:*DEFINITION** * • Myth*noun.*1*a tradiSonal*story,*especially*one*

Sparta  and  the  Herakleidai  (Heraclids)  

hAp://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2FThWdC8hIywtPygxFTx5RnksX38peFg%3D&userId=hTdEcTM%3D&zoomparams=  

Black  figure  lekythos,  side  A:  Herakles  and  the  Lernean  Hydra  

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Did  Herakles  exist?  

What  I  found  out  by  inquiry,  then,  plainly  proves  that  Herakles  is  an  ancient  god…And  among  the  idle  tales  that  the  Greeks  tell  is  one  about  Herakles:  how  when  he  came  to  Egypt  he  was  garlanded  and  led  in  procession  to  be  sacrificed  to  Zeus.    For  a  while,  they  say,  he  was  quiet,  but  when  the  EgypSans  made  ready  to  sacrifice  him  at  the  altar  he  killed  all  who  were  present.  Now  those  who  tell  this  story  seem  to  me  uAerly  ignorant  of  the  mind  and  customs  of  the  EgypSans;  for  how  can  we  imagine  that  a  people  forbidden  to  kill  any  kind  of  animal,  save  pigs  and  immaculate  caAle  and  geese,  sacrifice  men?  And  how  could  Herakles,  all  alone,  and  being,  as  these  people  say,  a  man,  kill  many  tens  of  thousands?  Thus  I  say,  and  may  the  gods  and  the  heroes  take  no  offence!  

           (Herodotus  Histories  2.44-­‐45)    

Page 12: MDS2/3CLM:** Lecture*2*Theories*of*Myth*(1)*webstat.latrobe.edu.au/www/marketing/assets/podcasts/subjects/m… · MYTHOLOGY:*DEFINITION** * • Myth*noun.*1*a tradiSonal*story,*especially*one*

Sparta  and  the  Herakleidai  (Heraclids)  

hAp://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2FThWdC8hIywtPygxFTx5RnksX38peFg%3D&userId=hTdEcTM%3D&zoomparams=  

Black  figure  lekythos,  side  A:  Herakles  and  the  Lernean  Hydra  

Page 13: MDS2/3CLM:** Lecture*2*Theories*of*Myth*(1)*webstat.latrobe.edu.au/www/marketing/assets/podcasts/subjects/m… · MYTHOLOGY:*DEFINITION** * • Myth*noun.*1*a tradiSonal*story,*especially*one*

Did  Herakles  exist?  

What  I  found  out  by  inquiry,  then,  plainly  proves  that  Herakles  is  an  ancient  god…And  among  the  idle  tales  that  the  Greeks  tell  is  one  about  Herakles:  how  when  he  came  to  Egypt  he  was  garlanded  and  led  in  procession  to  be  sacrificed  to  Zeus.    For  a  while,  they  say,  he  was  quiet,  but  when  the  EgypSans  made  ready  to  sacrifice  him  at  the  altar  he  killed  all  who  were  present.  Now  those  who  tell  this  story  seem  to  me  uAerly  ignorant  of  the  mind  and  customs  of  the  EgypSans;  for  how  can  we  imagine  that  a  people  forbidden  to  kill  any  kind  of  animal,  save  pigs  and  immaculate  caAle  and  geese,  sacrifice  men?  And  how  could  Herakles,  all  alone,  and  being,  as  these  people  say,  a  man,  kill  many  tens  of  thousands?  Thus  I  say,  and  may  the  gods  and  the  heroes  take  no  offence!  

           (Herodotus  Histories  2.44-­‐45)    

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Ken  Dowden  on  monsters  

The  aAracSon  and  importance  of  monsters  is  psychological.    As  they  have  never  existed,  their  parScular  construcSon  is  likely  to  reveal  more  about  what  is  inside  man  (sic)  than  what  is  outside.    In  broad  terms  we  can  talk  of  the  fears,  loathings  and  worries  they  express.  

(1992  The  Uses  of  Greek  Mythology:  133)