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1. What are absolute and relative URLs?An absolute URL is complete in that it contains all the components of a URL

A relative URL as the name implies, relates to some base URL and may be usedin any places in an HTML document.

2. How do you use a picture as the background in HTML?Include the element "background" with the name of the graphics file:

3. What are cookies and how will you use them?Ans: Cookies are a mechanism that a servlet uses to have a client hold a small amount of

state-information associated with the user.

a) Create a cookie with the Cookie constructor:

public Cookie(String name, String value)

b) A servlet can send a cookie to the client by passing a Cookie object to the addCookie()

method of HttpServletResponse:public void HttpServletResponse.addCookie(Cookie

cookie)

c) A servlet retrieves cookies by calling the getCookies() method of HttpServletRequest:

public Cookie[ ] HttpServletRequest.getCookie( ).

4. Why should we go for interservlet communication?

Ans: Servlets running together in the same server communicate with each other in several

ways. The three major reasons to use interservlet communication are:

a) Direct servlet manipulation - allows to gain access to the other currently loaded servlets

and perform certain tasks (through the ServletContext object)

b) Servlet reuse - allows the servlet to reuse the public methods of another servlet.

c) Servlet collaboration - requires to communicate with each other by sharing specific

information (through method invocation)

5. What are Xforms?

Xforms is an XML approach that overcome the limitation forms.XForm is aGUI tool kit for create user interface and deliver result in XML.Xform can work with avariety of standard as proprietary user interface, providing a set of visual control that

replace the primitive form control in HTML and XHTML.Xforms are variety of button,scrollbars and menus integrated into single execution model that generates XML form

data output.

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6. What is XPath?XPath is used to navigate XML tree structures. XPath gets its name from its use

of path notation to navigate through the hierarchical tree structure of an XML doucument.XPath allows for the section of the node or group of node through the use of a compact,

on XML syntax. It is an important XML technology due to its role in providing a

common syntax and semantics for functionality in both XSLT and Xpointer.

7. Explain XML-RPC.XML-RPC, which does remote procedure calls over the Internet, is a greatexample of out-of-the-box thinking. In confronting the communication problem ofhow a program on machine A can get some code on machine B to run, XML-RPC ignores the difficulty entirely and delegates the transport to HTTP, focusinginstead on the details of what to say, not how to get the message there.

8. Describe HTTP GET command?HTTP is an important building block for using XML as a web based messaging

protocol. Client request files from servers using a simple text string of the formGET filenameThe HTTP GET command request a web page .The HTTP POST commanddelivers Information and receives information back.

9. What are the major aspects of Web service technologies? A service provider provides an interface for software that can carry out a

specified set of tasks. A service requester discovers and invokes a software service to provide business

solution. A repository or broker manages and publishes the service. Service providers

publish their services with the broker, and requests access those services bycreating bindings to the service provider.

10. What are the risks in Web Services? Maturity: Different implementation may not work together. Security: SOAP messages on port 80 bypass firewalls. So network administrator

has to implement necessary security to prevent attacks. Transaction: Transaction must be specified outside the web services framework

such as .NET or J2EE. Configuration Management: Change management is not addressed.

PART-B

11. Explain briefly xml Transformation?a. XSLT (4)b. XLINK(4)c. XPath (4)d. XQuery(4)

(or)

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12.