measure for measure - lean principles for effective metrics and motivation - march 29 agile denver
DESCRIPTION
This presentation explores the nature of motivation and the place of metrics and measurement in software development, and how lean software development principles and practices shed light on motivation and metrics and how they can be used to support deep organizational improvement. We will examine the nature of motivation in terms of the four intrinsic rewards that drive positive engagement, and also how certain approaches to measuring and managing performance lead to organizational dysfunction. We will also show how the application of lean principles such as building quality into the product, respect for people and optimizing the whole enable more effective approaches to motivation and metrics in software development.TRANSCRIPT
Measure for MeasureL e a n P r i n c i p l e s f o r E f f e c t i v e M e t r i c s a n d M o t i v a t i o n
Paul Rayner
AGILITY. CRAFT. ARCHITECTURE.
Thinking About Work
A story…
and a quote.
Tom Sawyer
Work consists ofwhatever a bodyis obliged to do...
Play consists ofwhatever a bodyis not obliged todo.
- Mark Twain
“You can’t control what you can't measure.”
- Tom DeMarco
How Work Has Changed
The Compliance EraThe economics of the times:
• Stable environment with with heavy demand
• Standardized products and services
• Simplified work
Command and Control
Sound management meant:• Simplifying work tasks• Producing thick rule
books• Building tall hierarchies• Close supervision
Extrinsic Rewards
Metrics and Measurement
Human Development
The Last 3 Decades
27%32%
28%
66%
55%
69%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
The work I do is meaningful to me
It is basically my responsibility to decide how my job gets done
My job lets me use my skills and abilities
1977 2002
Workers answering “Strongly
agree”
The Last 3 DecadesRestructuring
• Flatter organizational structures• Cross-functional teams• Free flow of information
Computers and Automation• Reduced number of low-skilled jobs• Increased need for worker judgment• Greater worker access to information
The “New Work”
Purpose is back!
Employee Engagement
The degree to which peopleactively self-manage in their work
Origins of Lean
7 Principles of Lean Software Development
Mary and Tom Poppendieck. Implementing Lean Software Development
Self-Management
Commit to a meaningful
purpose
Choose activities to accomplish the purpose
Monitor progress
towards the purpose
Monitor activities for competence
Perform activities
Intrinsic Rewards
Sense ofChoice
Sense ofMeaningfulness
Sense of Progress
Sense ofCompetence
OpportunityRewards
AccomplishmentRewards
From Task Purpose
From TaskActivities
From Kenneth Thomas. Intrinsic Motivation at Work
A specific example of something that made me feel energized about my work was when …
• Someone appreciated me for my input into problem-solving• We deliver as we projected• Project went to production with great success• I was trusted to do it my way.• My boss told me I'd done a good job. I've had bosses who don't - it's nice to hear it.
• I'm working on something that has a very positive and lasting impact on on organization.
• I was given freedom to accomplish a strategic task and not hindered or had goals change mid-stream.
• We won some good new business.• A project that I had been working on went live and real customers began seeing value added to their work because of the work that I had done. I could draw the line directly between my effort and value added... that felt pretty good.
From Kenneth Thomas. Intrinsic Motivation at Work
The Energy Cycle
Sense ofChoice
Sense ofMeaningfulness
Sense of Progress
Sense ofCompetence
Intrinsic Rewards
ChoosingActivities
Committingto Purpose
MonitoringProgress
MonitoringCompetence
Self-Management
Judgments
Energy
Organizational Dysfunction
I was going to thrash them within an inch of their lives, but I didn’t have a tape measure
- Groucho Marx
Genuine Results
Dysfunction
Informational/Inquiry
Performance/Control
Intrinsic Extrinsic
Intention
Motivation
Motivation and Intention
Some Lean Principles
Build Quality In
“You can not inspect quality into the product; it is already there.”
- Deming
Diagnostic Metrics
Duplicated CodePoor test coverageComplexityPerformanceError handling…
Respect for People
Sense ofChoice
Sense ofMeaningfulness
Sense of Progress
Sense ofCompetence
Intrinsic Rewards
ChoosingActivities
Committingto Purpose
MonitoringProgress
MonitoringCompetence
Self-Management
Judgments
Energy
Optimize the Whole
Measure upby reducing the number of measurements, and
find a higher level of measurement that will drive the right results for the
lower level metrics and establish a basis for making tradeoffs”
- Poppendieck & Poppendieck, 2007.
Key Resources
Conclusion/TakeawaysIntrinsic Rewards:
Work can be so much more than what a personis obliged to do.
As workers:Be aware of our own level of self-management andenergy, take pride in our work and build quality in.
As leaders:Respect our workers by helping them self-manageand optimizing the whole.
Questions
Paul Rayner
Thank You…
www.virtual-genius.com
www.virtual-genius.com/blog
www.slideshare.com/virtualgenius
AGILITY. CRAFT. ARCHITECTURE.
ResourcesAustin, Robert D. Measuring and Managing Performance in Organizations. New York: Dorset House,
1996.Austin, Robert D. and Lee Devin “Knowledge Work, Craft Work, and Calling.” In Global Neighbors:
Christian Faith and Moral Obligation in Today’s Economy, eds. Hicks, Douglas A. and Mark Valeri. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2008.
Bakke, Dennis. Joy at Work: A Revolutionary Approach to Fun on the Job. Seattle: Pearson Venture Group, 2005.
Bolton, Michael. “Three Kinds of Measurement and Two Ways to Use Them.” Better Software, July/August 2009, Vol. 11:5.
DeMarco, Tom. “Software Engineering: An Idea Whose Time has Come and Gone?” IEEE Software, July/August 2009.
Foucault, Michel. “Discipline and Punish.” In Philosophy and the Problems of Work: A Reader, ed. Kory Shaff, 59-72. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001.
Jones, Capers. Applied Software Management: Global Analysis of Productivity and Quality, 3d ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Osborne, 2008.
Poppendieck, Mary and Tom Poppendieck. Implementing Lean Software Development: From Concept to Cash. Boston: Addison Wesley, 2007.
Putnam, Lawrence H. and Ware Myers. Five Core Metrics: The Intelligence Behind Successful Software Management. New York: Dorset House, 2003.
Thomas, Kenneth W. Intrinsic Motivation at Work: What Really Drives Employee Engagement, 2d ed. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2009.
Weinberg, Gerald M. Quality Software Management: First Order Measurement. New York: Dorset House, 1993.
References• Fonts:
– Euphemia, Leelawadee
– BoBsFrAnTiC True Type http://www.searchfreefonts.com/free/bobsfrantic.htm
– BigMisterC : http://www.urbanfonts.com/fonts/BigMisterC.htm
• Tom Sawyer painting the fence (by Norman Rockwell): http://todaysinspiration.blogspot.com/2009/07/norman-rockwells-tom-sawyer-part-1.html
• Groucho Marx: http://sporeflections.wordpress.com/2009/05/30
• House Doctors: http://www.thealmightyguru.com/Reviews/House/House-Quiz.html
• Man in the Grey Flannel Suit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_in_the_Gray_Flannel_Suit
• Antique cash register: http://www.flickr.com/photos/zizzy/89696604/
• Motivation: http://demotivational.blogspot.com/2008/03/tps-reports.html