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Measurements Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

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Page 1: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

MeasuremenMeasurementsts

The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of

France in the 1790's.

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Page 2: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

“Weights and measures may be ranked among the necessaries

of life to every individual of human society…They are

necessary to every occupation of human industry.... The knowledge of them, as in

established use, is among the first elements of education...”

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS - Report to the Congress, 1821

Page 3: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Which other countries, besides Which other countries, besides the U.S., do the U.S., do notnot use the metric use the metric

system?system?According to a survey taken According to a survey taken

many years ago, the only other many years ago, the only other countries that have countries that have notnot

officiallyofficially adopted the metric adopted the metric system are system are LiberiaLiberia (in western (in western

Africa) and Myanmar (also Africa) and Myanmar (also known as known as BurmaBurma, in Southeast , in Southeast

Asia).Asia).

STAT

FACT

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Page 4: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Accurate Measurements

•Be sure we can compare our measurements to other people.

•Scientists make repeatedmeasurements to increase the

validityand reliability of the results.

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•Accurate=how close the measurement is to the actual

measurement.

Page 5: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Accuracy vs. precisionAccuracy vs. precisionPrecision:Precision:

When taking When taking the same the same measurement measurement over and over over and over you get the you get the same results.same results.

Accuracy:Accuracy:

How close your How close your results are to results are to the TRUE/REAL the TRUE/REAL resultsresults

YOU CAN BE

PRECISE BUT

STILL BE

WRONG.

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Page 6: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

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Page 7: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

• A Measurement system 1.must be agreed upon and

2.cannot change Ex: The foot.

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Page 8: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

• Scale units• Metric system

attempted to do away with the confusing multiplicity of measurement scales by reducing them to a few fundamental ones.

Page 9: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Le Systeme Le Systeme Internationale Internationale d’Unites (SI)d’Unites (SI)

•1960•Based on Metric System

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Page 10: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

StandardsStandards•Standards are exact quantity that people agree to use for a certain measurement.–Ex: The meter

–The speed that light travels in a vacuum 1/299 792 458 of a second.

–Why….This seems CRAZY!!!–The meter Clip

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Page 11: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Another Example of a Standard …..The kilogram

The official kilogram, made of platinum-iridium, remains in France at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures

Clip

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Page 12: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Le Systeme Internationale Le Systeme Internationale d’Unites (SI)d’Unites (SI)

•English: International System of Units

•Each measurement has a base unit.

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Page 13: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

SI SystemBased on multiples of ten.

Examples of base units•Length

– Meter•Mass

– Gram•Volume

– Liter•Time

– Second

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•Temperature-Kelvin

•Energy-Joule

•Electric Current

-Ampere

Page 14: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Prefixes• Prefixes are used with the base units to indicate Prefixes are used with the base units to indicate

what multiple or fraction of ten should be used.what multiple or fraction of ten should be used.

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BASE BASE UNITUNIT

Kilo- Hecto- Deca- BU Deci- Centi- Milli-

•Meter•Liter•Gram•Watt

•Newton•Second

•Joule

k h D d c m

Based on Multiples

of TEN

Multiple of BU Fraction of BU King Henry Died Drinking Choc. Milk

1000x 100x 10x 0.1 0.01 0.001

1) 65ml=_____L2) 3948g=_____kg3) 389.59m= ______km4) 0.03748 mg=_____kg(use Sci. Not.)

5) 89304µg= _______g

Page 15: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Convert the Following

1)65ml=_____L2)3948g=_____kg3)389.59m= ______km4)0.03748 mg=_____kg (use Sci. Not.)

5)89304µg= _______g

Scientific Notation: a method of writing, or of displaying real numbers as a decimal number between

1 and 10 followed by an integer power of 10

Page 16: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Laboratory Laboratory

Apparatuses Apparatuses

for making for making

MeasuremenMeasuremen

tsts

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Page 17: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Distance

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Page 18: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Meter StickMeter Stick

•1m = 100 1m = 100 CentimetersCentimeters

•1m = 1000 1m = 1000 millimetersmillimeters

1cm = 10 mm

Length

Distance

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Each line on the meter stick is a millimeter.

Page 19: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Meter StickMeter Stick 16

The last digit in all measurements is an estimate digit.

Page 20: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Amount of matter in an object

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Page 21: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Triple Beam BalanceGrams

300 +70 +3.31

=373.31g

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Page 22: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Space occupied

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Page 23: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Lengthwidth

Height

Length Length xx Height Height xx Width =Volume Width =Volume

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Page 24: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Graduated Cylinder Graduated Cylinder

Volume•Space an object occupies

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Page 25: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

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Page 26: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

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Page 27: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Kinetic Energy

1226

Page 28: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

TemperatureFahrenheit vs. Celsius vs.

Kelvin

1742, Anders Celsius (1701-1744) 1714:Daniel

Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736)

Lord Kelvin (1824-1907)

Superfridge

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Page 29: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

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Page 30: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Temperature Conversion

• Examples on Notes.

K = º C + 273º C = (º F - 32) ÷

1.8

º C = K - 273 º F = 1.8 ºC + 32

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Page 31: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Answers   

1) -23 ºC            

2) 66 ºC            

3) 290 K            

4) 328 K             

5) 31.9 ºC                   

6) 230 ºF

Temperature Conversion

Page 32: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Mass per unit Volume

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Page 33: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Density

• Density: Amount of matter in a specific volume.

These 2 cubes have the same VOLUME, but they have different densities. Why?

Page 34: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Density practice problem• Which cylinder

has the greatest density?

Vol: 5 mlMass: 10g

Vol: 25 mlMass: 15 ml

Density = 2 g/ml Density = 1.7 g/ml

• So, if I had the same amount of each cylinder (1 ml), which one would have a greater mass??

Page 35: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Derived UnitsDerived UnitsObtained by combining Obtained by combining

different unitsdifferent units..

ExEx:: Density Density

Density is the amount of Density is the amount of mass per unit volumemass per unit volume..

D D == m m//vv

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Page 36: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Remember... ....all measurement need a unit.

Page 37: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

TYPES OF DATAQuantitative vs. Qualitative•If the data collected involve observations without measurements or numbers, then it is referred to as qualitative data.

•Quantitative data involves numbers or measurements.

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Page 38: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Significant Figures

For measured numbers, significant figures relate the certainty of the measurement.As the number of significant figures increases, the more certain the measurement.

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The number of significant figures is the number of digits believed to be correct by the person doing the measuring.

Page 39: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Your answer cannot be more accurate than the equipment used to make the measurement.

The accuracy of the result is limited by the least accurate measurement.

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Page 40: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Sig Fig Rules• Nonzero digits are always significant • All final zeroes after a decimal point

are significant • Zeroes between two other

significant digits are always significant

• Zeroes used solely as placeholders are NOT significant

• Zeroes between a decimal point and a nonzero digit are significant.

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Page 41: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Examples• The significant zeroes in these

measurements are colored black and the insignificant zeroes are red. 

1) 0.0860             2) 1.0030         3) 0.000010203   4) 18,000                5) 18,000.00                 6) 0.10001      

Want to make it easier?????

Put it in Scientific Notation.

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Page 42: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

PracticeHow many Sig Figs?

1. 234.87 _____2. 38302.00 _____3. 3900.00 _____4. 0.00045 _____5. 9394000.09 _____6. 479301820 _____7. 0.00034440 _____

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Page 43: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Arithmetic•When you perform any arithmetic

operation, it is important to remember that the result can never be more precise than the least precise measurement.

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Page 44: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Addition or Subtraction 1. Perform the operation.2. Round off the result to correspond to the

least precise value involved.  (fewest # of decimal places)

3. Example:24.686 m + 2.343 m + 3.21 m   =  30.239 m

**You will report the correct calculated  answer as

30.24 m.  

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Page 45: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

1. Perform the operation.2. Round off the result to correspond

to the number with the LEAST number of significant figures.

3. Example: 3.22 cm x 2.1 cm  =  6.762 cm2   

**Reported answer: 6.8 cm2

Multiplication & Division Rules

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Page 46: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Practice1) 6.201 cm  + 7.4 cm  + 0.68 cm  + 12.0

cm  =  2) 1.6 km   +   1.62 m   +    1200 cm   =  3) 8.264 g   -   7.8 g   =   4) 10.4168 m   -   6.0 m    =  5) 12.00 m   +  15.001 m   =  6) 131 cm  x  2.3 cm   =  7) 5.7621 m  x  6.201 m   = 8) 20.2 cm  / 7.41 s   =  9) 40.002 g  / 13.000005 ml  = 

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Page 47: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Dimensional Analysis • Problem-solving method that uses the

fact that any number or expression can be multiplied by one without changing its value.

• Examples:– Convert 50.0 mL to liters. – How many centimeters are in 6.00 inches?– Express 24.0 cm in inches. – How many seconds are in 2.00 years? – Convert 75 g/ml into kg/L

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Page 48: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1

Practice• 1) How many millimeters are present in 20.0 inches?•  • 2) Convert 45.3 cm to its equivalent measurement in mm.•

3) How many feet are in 2 km?•

4) How many mm are in 1 mile?•

5) How many µg are in 10 lb? •

6) Convert 18297 cm to miles.•

7) Express 17 g/ml in kg/L.•

8) Change a speed of 72.4 miles per hour to its equivalent in meters per second.

•9) Express 267 miles/hr in m/s

•10) Convert 0.0598 mg/cm3 to g/cm3

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Page 50: Measurements The Metric system was developed in France during the Napoleonic reign of France in the 1790's. 1