1. Measuring and modeling dermal exposure developments in Europe
John W Cherrie

2. Outline of the talk
Schneider et al conceptual model
The DREAM tool
Validation of DREAM
By the authors
In situations where heavy fuel oil is used
The way forward
REACH and the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) and Bayesian statistical techniques
3. Schneider and colleagues
Surface contamination layer
Air compartment
Source
Clothing outer layer
Clothing inner layer
Skin contamination layer
Schneider et al. Conceptual model for assessment of dermal exposure. Occup Environ Med (1999) vol. 56 (11) pp. 765-73
4. DeRmalExposure Assessment Method - DREAM
A dermal exposure prediction tool based on the Schneider et al conceptual model
van Wendel de Joode et al. DREAM: A method for semi-quantitative dermal exposure assessment. Annals of Occupational Hygiene (2003) vol. 47 (1) pp. 71-87
5. DREAM validations
van Wendel de Joode et al. Accuracy of a semiquantitative method for Dermal Exposure Assessment (DREAM). Occup Environ Med (2005) vol. 62 (9) pp. 623-32
6. Heavy fuel oil (HFO)
Industrial fuel for power stations
Heating large industrial sites
Heating fuel in hospitals and distilleries in remote area (e.g. Scottish Highlands)
Marine oil
HFO contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
7. Aims of our study
To develop a validated method for measuring dermal HFO exposure
To collect exposure data using the validated method
To collect contextual exposure information and use these data to apply the DREAM model
8. Methods
Removal method using clinical wipes saturated with 70% isopropyl alcohol three sequential wipes
25 cm2 forearm and neck
Palms of each hand
Collected following the completion of task and before rest breaks
Some pre-task samples also collected
Filed blanks
GG-MS analysis for marker PAHs
9. Sites investigated
Production
2 oil refineries
Distribution
2 fuel distribution terminals
including 1 associated with distribution by shipping
Use
2 Energy providers
1 Power plant engine building and repair
10. Dermal exposure by type of site
Hand exposure (g/cm2)
Forearm (g/cm2)
11. DREAM vs measurements
12. Task average data
van Wendel de Joode et al. Accuracy of a semiquantitative method for Dermal Exposure Assessment (DREAM). Occup Environ Med (2005) vol. 62 (9) pp. 623-32
13. The way forward
The Advanced REACH Tool
www.AdvancedREACHtool.com
Currently for inhalation exposure only
Uses Bayesian algorithm to combine model prediction with measurements
Plans to use DREAM to develop a dermal tool
Expect to start preparatory work this year
14. The slides are available at OH-world.org
You can download this and other presentations from my website www.OH-world.org
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