measuring musical timing abilities in children final 2013 feb 11 slide share

Measuring musical timing

abilities in children

Georgios Papadelis

Department of Music Studies

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Greece

5th TIMELY School on Timing and Time Perception • Corfu • Feb 2013

Cognitive and Computational

Musicology (CCM) Group

Georgios Papadelis5th TIMELY School • Corfu • Feb 20131/14

Outline

fundamental concepts of rhythm perception

testing methodology& research findings

milestones of musical development in children

rhythm skills & language acquisition

Georgios Papadelis

Perc

eption o

f Rhyth

m

5th TIMELY School • Corfu • Feb 20131/14

Fundamentalconcepts

Rhythmic levels

Spontaneous tempo

Beat induction

Rhythmic surface

Auditoryevents

Metrichierarchies

Georgios Papadelis

Perc

eption o

f Rhyth

m

5th TIMELY School • Corfu • Feb 20131/14

Acoustic Input

Sequential

grouping

Periodic

grouping

Temporal organization

Perception of accent structure

Peripheral auditory processing

Perception of meter


Milestones of

musical development


Early r

esponses t

o m

usic

Moog (1976)

0 1 28/26/2009 - 1/10/2010

years

3/19/2009

Reacts actively

to music

10/29/2009

Music produces

bodily movements

2/1/2010

First vocalizations

to music

6/10/2010 - 12/31/2010

11/17/2010

Early signs

of co-ordination

10/22/2010

First

“outline songs”

10/29/2009

Can discriminate

tempo & rhythm

changes


Rhyth

mic

skills 3 6 12 years9

12/13/2010

Copies

simple rhythms

7/26/2009

Imitates

speech rhythm

6/21/2011

Underlying pulse

present in singing

12/18/2014

Rhythmic

perception &

performance

improves

12/13/2010

Gradual improvement

of coordination

with the music

12/13/2010

Can follow

the beat


Pitch s

kills 3 6 12

years

9

7/21/2009

Perception of

gross features

6/30/2010

Can discriminate

pitch register

3/2/2012

Acquisition of

tonality2/8/2016

Acquisition of

harmonic skills

6/9/2014

Improvement in pitch

discrimination


Pre

schoole

rs

3 4 5

years

6

Duration of gross motor coordination with music

(Sims,1985)

7/13/2009

22.49%

6/15/2010

61.97%

7/3/2011

73.86%

Target behaviors: Dancing

Music games


Pre

schoole

rs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBX1fDIiS0o

Gross motor coordination with music


Successfully perform rhythms (Rainbow, 1981)

Vocal response

Clapping / tapping

Marching

3 4 5

years

50%

10-14%

difficult

70-90%

40-60%

18-20%

Pre

schoole

rs

Target behaviors: Beat keeping

Copy simple rhythm patterns


Pre

schoole

rs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHaPYAKaUww

Copying simple rhythms


Rhyth

mic

att

endin

g

Moritz, Yampolsky, Papadelis, Thomson & Wolf. (2012)

Links between early rhythm

skills, musical training, and

phonological awareness.

Reading & Writing. doi:10.1007/s11145-012-9389-0


Moritz et al. (2012)

Kin

derg

art

en a

ge


Kin

derg

art

en a

ge

RC2

RC2

RC4

…

RC15

RC16


Stimuli


Kin

derg

art

en a

ge

TC TCRC RC TC TCRC RC

Fall Spring Fall Spring

Computed average inaccuracy

(pre vs. post training scores)


Kin

derg

art

en a

ge

Experts’ rating of inaccuracy



Kin

derg

art

en a

ge

Fall Spring Fall Spring

RD MD RD MD RD MD RD MD

Rhyhthm & melody discrimination tasks



Rhyth

mic

att

endin

g

Papadelis, Papathanasiou & Gatzoflias (2006)

Developmental aspects of rhythm skills

in Greek children aged 5-8 years old.

Conference on Rhythm, Time and Temporal Organization.

Institute for Music in Human and Social Development.

Edinburgh, Scotland.


School-

age c

hildre

n


School-

age c

hildre

n

Task: Copy isochronous patterns


School-

age c

hildre

n

Task: Copy rhythm patterns


Rhyth

mic

att

endin

g

Drake, Jones & Baruch (2000)

The development of rhythmic

attending in auditory sequences:

attunement, referent

period, focal attending.


Subje

ctive t

em

po

+/-

1 S

E (

ms)

Drake et al. (2000)


Subje

ctive t

em

po lim

its

Drake et al. (2000)


Tem

po d

iscrim

ination

Drake et al. (2000)


Synchro

niz

ation

Drake et al. (2000)


Rhyth

mic

att

endin

g

Moritz, Yampolsky, Papadelis, Thomson & Wolf. (2012)

Links between early rhythm

skills, musical training, and

phonological awareness.

Reading & Writing. doi:10.1007/s11145-012-9389-0


Rhyhtm

& language


Are phonological awareness and

rhythm ability related in 5-year-

olds?


Rhyhtm

& language

Rhym

ing

dis

crim

ination

Rhym

ing

pro

duction

Segm

enta

tion

of sente

nces

Segm

enta

tion

of sylla

ble

s

Iso

lation o

f in

itia

l

phonem

es

Dele

tion

com

pounds /

sylla

ble

s

Tempo copying ns ns -.37** ns ns ns

Rhythm copying ns ns ns -.27* ns ns

Rhythm discrim. ns ns ns ns ns ns

Pre-training correlations at the beginning of

kindergarten (both groups, N=30)



Rhyhtm

& language


Does intensive music training

improve phonological awareness

in kidergarteners?


Rhyhtm

& language

Experimental

sig. (r )

Control

sig. (r )

Rhyming discrimination .003** (-.54) ns

Rhyming production .005** (-.52) ns

Segmentation of sentences .005** (-.52) .030* (-.40)

Segmentation of syllables .001** (-.59) .035* (-.38)

Isolation of initial phonemes .003** (-.54) .042* (.-37)

Deletion compounds /

syllables.004** (-.52) .036* (.-38)

Within group pre vs. post training differencesPAT,

Robert

son &

Salter

(1997)


Rhyhtm

& language

Experimental

sig. (r )

Control

sig. (r )

Tempo copying ns ns

Rhythm copying ns ns

Rhythm discrimination .035* (-.38) ns

Within group pre vs. post training differences


Rhyhtm

& language


Is rhythm ability at the

beginning of kindergarten

associated with phonological

awareness in second grade?


Rhyhtm

& language

2nd GRADE

CT

OP

P

Ble

ndin

g w

ord

s

CT

OP

P

Nonw

ord

repetition

TO

WR

E

Phonem

ic d

ecodin

g

effic

iency

Woodcock

Word

att

ack

Woodcock

Word

identification

KIN

DE

RG

AR

TE

N Tempo copying ns ns ns ns ns

Rhythm copying -.77** ns -.76** -.64* -.62*

Rhythm discrim. .64* .63* ns ns ns



Thank you!

measuring musical timing abilities in children final 2013 feb 11 slide share

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