measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
![Page 2: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Measuring the emission of volatile organic compounds from books
Velson Horie
Research Project Manager
The British Library
![Page 3: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
What is happening to our books?
DP
pres
evat
ion
offo
ldin
gen
dura
nce
X. Zou, T. Uesaka, N. Gurnagul, Prediction of paper permanence by accelerated aging. Part I: Kinetic analysis of the aging process, Cellulose, 1996, 3, 243-267.
![Page 4: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
A Few Statistics
•Formal beginning in 1753 as the library of The British Museum
•The British Library formed in 1973 from many collections
•New St Pancras building opened in 1998
•150m collection items on 640km of shelves,
•£131m budget, 1900 staff
![Page 5: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Additional Storage Programme -Boston Spa
•7 million collection items
•263 km, 12,000 tonne of stock
•Reduced oxygen (16%)
•Robotic book handling
•What are the long term effects?
![Page 6: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Preserving Newspapers
•33 km of stock•5,300 tonne of stock•1.4 tonne/y VOC production•3,800 years till all evaporated
![Page 7: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Major UK libraries and archives
� Cambridge University Library (CUL) 7m printed items
� The British Library (BL) 150m items
� National Library of Scotland (NLS) 14m items
� National Library of Wales (NLW) 6m printed items
� Oxford University Library(OULS) 11m items
� Trinity College Dublin Library (TCD) 4m printed items
� The National Archives (TNA)
� National Archives of Scotland (NAS)
![Page 8: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Condition assessment
� Preservation Assessment Survey
� Strength
� Colour
� pH
� Molecular weight
� Furnish
� SurveNIR
� VOCs
![Page 9: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
The “real thing” is important to people
E-books sales have been slow to take off.
CafeScribe is sending every e-textbook purchaser a scratch and sniff sticker with a musty “old book” smell.
By placing these stickers on their computers, they can give their e-books the same musty book smell they know and love from used textbooks.
![Page 10: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
109 VOCs identified from books (so far)
acetaldehyde acetic acid butyl alcohol butanoic acidacetoinpentyl alcohol isoamyl alcohol 1,3-butylene glycol 2-ethoxy ethanol toluene phenol furfural methyl cyclohexaneethyl acrylatemethylisobutyl ketoneheptane2-hexenol pentanoic acid 1-hexanol 2,3-dimethyl butyl alcohol styrene benzaldehydeo-,m-p-xylene (isomers) ethyl benzene benzyl alcohol anisole 5-methyl-furfural 1,4-dimethyl cyclohexane1,3-dimethyl cyclohexaneheptanal
cyclohexyl carbinol2,4-dimethyl hexane3-methyl heptanehexanoic acid isobutyl acetate butyl acetate 2-heptanol 1-heptanol diethyl acetalacetophenonetrimethyl-benzene cumenebenzoic acid p-ethyl phenol propyl-cyclohexane1-ethyl-2-methyl cyclohexaneoctanalethyl cyclohexanol1-octen-3-ol methyl heptenol2,4-dimethyl heptane3-methyl octane ethyl acetoacetateheptanoic acid 2-ethyl-1-hexanol 3-octanol α-pinenecamphene 3-methyl pentanoldimethoxy benzene
butyl-cyclohexanenonanal4-isopropyl cyclohexanol3-ethyl-2-methyl heptane3-methyl nonanedecaneoctanoic acid 2-ethyl hexanoic acid hexyl acetate 2,6-dimethyl heptanolisononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneoldecanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanolundecanenonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexaneundecanaldodecanedecanoic acid undecanol3-butyl-4-hydroxy anisole heptylcyclohexanedodecanaltridecane5,9-dimethyl dec-8-en-3-ol
1-dodecanol tetradecanepentadecanehexadecane heptadecane1-methylethyl ester dodecanoicacid dodecanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester octadecanenonadecanetetradecanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester dibutyl phthalic acid eicosaneheneicosanedocosanedecamethylcyclopentasiloxanepentyl-cyclohexaned-limonene 3,7-dimethyl octanolt-butyl benzene
Sources: Buchbauer 1995, Lattuati-Derieux 2004, Lattuati-Derieux 2006
![Page 11: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Volatile organic chemicals (VOCs)
![Page 12: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Analysis of VOCs collected on diffusion tubes, Tenax tubes, SPME fibres, elastomer strips
• Off-line sample preparation and analysis• Uses the thermal desorption – gas chromatography – mass
spectrometry• More complex analysis than the organic acids and aldehydes• Each sample run is 60 minutes
Sampling concerns
•Are we going to see any analytes?•Have we used a long enough sampling time?•Can we match the peaks to the chemical – with confidence
![Page 13: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Sampling Results - VOCs
British Library
Location A
![Page 14: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Identifying the peak
![Page 15: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Sampling the partners
–8 partners
–2 collection store rooms and a non-collection area, each partner
–Diffusion tubes for acetic and formic acids, formaldehyde and sulfurdioxide, 2 tubes each at each site, exposed 28 days
–Tenax TA adsorption tubes, ca 144 litre drawn through in 24 hours
Findings
–Diffusion tubes: Acetic acid and formic acid usually higher in store rooms. SO2 at low levels and formaldehyde had no apparent pattern of concentration
–Tenax tubes (21+ analytes): Furfural was the only analyteconsistently higher in store rooms. Concentrations highly affected by activities in the area, e.g. door opening and carpet laying
![Page 16: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
What does this tell us?
–VOCs are present in collection and non-collection areas
–Useful information about the likely load on the carbon filters in the AHU
–Not a lot about the condition of the collection.
Next steps
–Need to tie the VOC measurements to the books, preferably individual books.
–The condition of the collection can thus be measured by sampling individual items in the collection.
![Page 17: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
VOCs in individual IBs -?diagnostic of condition
![Page 18: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility spectrometer (FAIMS)Owlstone
![Page 19: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Analysis in ca 2 minutes, using Lonestar
![Page 20: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Whitakers Almanack 1903, 1957, 1965
![Page 21: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
FAIMS (Lonestar) analysis
Whitakers almanack 1903 Whitakers almanack 1957 Whitakers almanack 1964
![Page 22: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
FAIMS – How does it work
DC compensation
voltage
0KK >+
0KK <+
τ
T
τ
Ion detector
![Page 23: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) SYFT Technologies (UK) Limited
![Page 24: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
SYFT analyses
![Page 25: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Whitakers Almanac - similarities
Whitakers Almanac 1903
100
1000
10000
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
m/z
Hz
Whitakers Almanac 1957
100
1000
10000
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
m/z
Hz
Whitakers Almanac 1965
100
1000
10000
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
m/z
Hz
![Page 26: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Whitakers Almanac - differences
Whitakers Almanac 1903
100
1000
10000
34 52 53 60 62 69 71 75 80 86 87 89 90 91 95 96 97 101 105 106 109 113 119 120
m/z
Hz
Whitakers Almanac 1957
100
1000
10000
34 52 53 60 62 69 71 75 80 86 87 89 90 91 95 96 97 101 105 106 109 113 119 120
m/z
Hz
Whitakers Almanac 1965
100
1000
10000
34 52 53 60 62 69 71 75 80 86 87 89 90 91 95 96 97 101 105 106 109 113 119 120
m/z
Hz
![Page 27: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
SYFT –how does it work
Reagent ions
selected
Sample injected
Reacted analytesselected
detector
![Page 28: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
SPME and Elastomer strip in Whitakers Almanack 1903
Analyses of these experiments are being finalised now.
![Page 29: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Using SPME fibres and elastomer strips to gather VOCs from Whitakers Almanack 1903
![Page 30: Measuring the emission of volatile · isononyl alcohol benzyl acetate vanillin isoborneol decanal 4-t-butyl cyclohexanol undecane nonanoic acid pentyl butyrate 1-decanol hexylcyclohexane](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e8161563fae020adc7a65fc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Cambridge University LibraryTRINITY COLLEGE DUBLINTRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN
Dr. J HavermannsProf. G Banik
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Acknowledgements