mech 449/549 fuel cell technology - engineering - …ndjilali/lecture1.pdfuniversity of victoria...
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University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Lecture 1
Jan. 2010
Mech 449/549
Fuel Cell Technology
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Today
• Energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells:
Introductory Overview
• Course Outline: Topics, Grading
• Questions/Discussion
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
What is a Fuel Cell?
• Energy conversion device that
directly produces electricity by
electrochemically oxidizing a
fuel
• Fuel and oxidant are separated
from the energy conversion
device and are supplied
continuously from outside
Fuel Cell
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Hydrogen + Fuel Cell Technology
improved efficiency
broad range of applications
reduced emissions
Fuel Cell
AIR HYDROGEN
ELECTRICITY (DC)
WATER
HEAT
PRODUCTS
Hydrogen & Fuel Cells – Motivation
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
How much energy do we “need” ?
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
• “Standards of living” (economic prosperity; quality
of life; social progress; infant mortality…) are
strongly correlated with per capita energy
consumption.
• Is increasing supply of energy per capita a
prerequisite for continued progress?
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Services Service
Technologies Currencies
Transformer
Technologies Sources
Transportation Bus + IC
Water Treatment Plant
Electricity
Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and oil refineries
Crude oil
Wind Turbine Wind
Hydro dams Hydropower
Generating stations
Coal
Geothermal
Natural Gas
Uranium
Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and
oil refineries Crude oil
Potable Water
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
“You cannot train China and India to conserve
energy, because they want the same standard of
living that we enjoy. And that is based on largely
on energy consumption per capita.
… But to see energy conservation as a means or
mechanism by which we solve our world’s
problems is just putting your head in the sand”
Geoffrey Ballard
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
The current energy system
Stationary
Services
Mobile
Services
Electricity: available baseload Hydro
Oil/Nat. Gas
Coal Nuclear
Oil
Renewables etc.
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Services Service
Technologies Currencies
Transformer
Technologies Sources
Transportation Bus + IC
Water Treatment Plant
Electricity
Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and oil refineries
Crude oil
Wind Turbine Wind
Hydro dams Hydropower
Generating stations
Coal
Geothermal
Natural Gas
Uranium
Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and
oil refineries Crude oil
Potable Water
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Services Service
Technologies Currencies
Transformer
Technologies Sources
Transportation Bus + IC
Water Treatment Plant
Electricity
Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and oil refineries
Crude oil
Wind Turbine Wind
Hydro dams Hydropower
Generating stations
Coal
Geothermal
Natural Gas
Uranium
Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and
oil refineries Crude oil
Potable Water
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Decarbonization
& New ET
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Pathway: Decarbonization
C
C C
C
C C
C C
C C
C C
C C
C
C
C C
C C
C
C
C
C
H H
H
H
H
H
H H
H
H
H
H
Coal H/C = 0.5
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H H
Oil H/C = 2
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H H
Propane H/C = 2.66
C
H
H
H H
Methane H/C = 4
H H
Hydrogen H/C =
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Services Service
Technologies Currencies
Transformer
Technologies Sources
Transportation Bus + IC
Water Treatment Plant
Electricity
Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and oil refineries
Crude oil
Wind Turbine Wind
Hydro dams Hydropower
Generating stations
Coal
Geothermal
Natural Gas
Uranium
Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and
oil refineries Crude oil
Potable Water
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Services Service
Technologies Currencies
Transformer
Technologies Sources
Transportation Bus + IC
Electricity
Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and oil refineries
Crude oil
Wind Turbine Wind
Hydro dams Hydropower
Generating stations
Geothermal
Uranium
Hydrogen
Fuel Cell
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
The emerging energy system
Stationary
Services
Biomass
Natural Gas Hydrogen
Storage
Fuel
Cell
Hydrogen
Production
Electricity: available baseload
Hydro
Nuclear
Wind Solar
Geothermal
Tidal
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
‘Fuel Cells seem to have been on the verge
of capturing world markets as well as the
imagination ever since my postwar years in
Cambridge …’
P.G. Ashmore, Professor of Physical Chemistry,
UMIST, 1972
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
1959
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
From basement tinkering to space technology…to ?
1839
Now
William Grove
Bauer & Preis
GE
AFC
PEMFC DMFC MCFC SOFC
Westinghouse
Jacques
Bacon
Broes & Ketelan 1960’s
Dayton
Fuel Cell Technologies
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Fuel Cell Application Areas
• Transportation
• Off-Grid Power
• Grid-Integrated Power
• Portable Electronics
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Range of Power of FC Systems
MW mW
Range of Power Applications
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Some Applications…
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
… More Applications…
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Fleet operation: Vancouver
& Chicago
• 40 passengers
• Zero Emission (ZEV)
• 275 hp (205 kW)
• 400 km range
Fuel Cell Vehicles: Transit Bus
European FC Bus Program
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Motorized Bicycles
Yamaha
Asian market:
2-stroke IC ban
1.5 M E-bikes & Scooters
20 Kg batteries
6-8 hrs recharge
Palcan
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Fuel Cells in the Ocean…
& in Space
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Fuel Cells in Phones…
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Karl Kordesch’s Austin
1961 Austin A-40
6 kW Alkaline
Fuel Cell
Lead Acid
Batteries
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Fuel Cell Vehicles
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Why Fuel Cells for Vehicles?
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Canadian H2/FC Sector • Angstrom
• AFCC
• Ballard Power Systems
• Dynetek
• Greenlight
• Hyteon
• Hydrogenics
• Palcan
• Quest Air
• Tekion
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Module Topic
I 1. Overview of Fuel Cell Systems
2. Fundamentals
3. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel
Cells
II 4. Micro Fuel Cells
5. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
6. Fuelling & System Integration
7. Summary and Outlook
Topics Covered
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Text
• M. M. Mench, Fuel Cell Engines, Wiley, 2008
References
• J. Larminie & A. Dicks, Fuel Cell Systems Explained, Wiley,
2003.
• F. Barbir, PEM Fuel Cells, Elsevier, 2005.
• X. Li, Principles of Fuel Cells, Taylor & Francis, 2005.
University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic
Exams Location Date/Time
Module I ECS 124 Moday March 1Module II ECS 124 Thursday March 25
Grading Assignments 26 %Module Exams
I 37 %II 37 %
Total 100 %Bonus: Flash Quizzes 5 %