mechanick exercises : doctrine handy-works. joseph moxon, · 2009. 4. 19. · exercises: or the...

Mechanick Exercises :OR THE

DoctrineOF

Handy-Works.

By Joseph Moxon, Fellow of theRoyal Society, and Hydrographer to the late

King Charles.

The Third Edition1703

A Digital Reprint, in Facsimile

The Toolemera Presshttp://toolemera.com

[email protected]

© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com

http://toolemera.com


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Copyright © 2009 Gary RobertsThe Toolemera Press

The Toolemera Press digital edition of Mechanick Exercises: Or, The Doctrine of Handy-Works, by Joseph Moxon, 1703 edition. All rights reserved. No part of this CD, including any and all printed materials or digital objects (PDF documents, Text documents, JavaScript functions, etc.) may be reproduced, stored in an electronic retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by an means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, photographic or otherwise without the written permission of the publisher, Gary Roberts.

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❖

International Standard Book Number : 978-0-615-28981-6

❖

Published by Gary RobertsThe Toolemera PressDedham, MA 02026

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Manufactured in the United States of America


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The Toolemera Press edition

Joseph Moxon’sMechanick Exercises: Or,

The Doctrine Of Handy-Works

The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal SocietyReview: An Account of Three BooksPhilosophical Transactions1677-1678: Vol. 12, pp. 963-968

Mechanick Exercifes: Or, the Doctrine of Handy-Works. Began Jan. 1. Profecuted in two other Effays, February 1, and March 1, 1677. And intended to be continued monthly. by Jofeph Moxon, Hydrographer to the King.

The Author Undertaking, to fet down what is already known, being good; and not unlikely to give occaffion to others to confider of further Improvements in thefe Matters: it may not be thought improper, that the fame, once for all, be here reprefented.

The Author, as he faith in his Preface, having for many years been converfant in Handy-Works, efpecially Smithery, Founding, Drawing, Joynery, Turning, Engraving, Printing of Book and Pictures, making of Globes, Maps, Mathematical Inftruments; and being willing publickly to communicate his knowledg herein; hath in his firft Effay begun with Smithery, as comprehending with the Black-Smiths Trade, all other handy-crafts, ufing either forge or file, from the Anchor-Smith to the Watch-Maker: Which will be an Introduction to moft other handycrafts, as having a dependance upon this. And firft, he gives Account of the several Parts, Kinds and Ufes of the Smiths Forge, Anvil, Tongues, Hammer and Sledg, Vice, Hand-Vice, Pliars, Drill and Drill-Bow, Skrew-Plate and its Taps. Then of Forging and the feveral Heats to be given: Of brazing and foldering. The feveral forts of


Iron and their proper Ufes. And laftly, of Filing and the feveral forts of Files.

In the fecond Effay, of the making of Hinges, Locks and Keys: The manner of Riveting, making of Screws and Nuts. And particularly, of cutting Wormes upon great Screws.

In the Third Effay, of the making of Jacks, Bullet-molds, Twifting of Iron, Case-Hardening. Some Tools not before describ’ed. The feveral forts of Steel; the manner of foftening, hardning and tempering the fame.

LondonPrinted for John Martyn, Printer to the Royal Society. 1678

❖

The original for this digital facsimile of the 1703 edition is from my personal library. The binding is of an early 18th Century style and shows no signs of having been repaired or rebound. With the exception of a handful of plates which were loose and damp stained, this book is as intact as the day it was bound. Those plates that were too damaged for legible imaging have been reproduced from a very early 20th Century reprint of the 1703 edition.

The book as purchased showed considerable damp wrinkling and creasing throughout. Basic conservation entailed:

• Freezing the entire volume for one month in a vacuum sealed bag to prevent mold or mildew formation

• Vacuuming loose dust and dirt with a cloth covered vacuum nozzle

• Erasing modern smudges and dirt with a soft vinyl eraser• Pressing open creased page corners through humidification

and clamps


• Correcting page wrinkling by setting the entire volume in a book press for one month under very mild humidification

The covers and title page have been reproduced in full color. The body of the book has been reproduced in grayscale in order to improve contrast and legibility. Manual adjustment of contrast, brightness and level settings reduced the visual interference from creases, damp staining, finger prints and surface irregularities. Each page was cropped slightly to reduce edge fringing. The final PDF, with the exception of grayscale instead of color imaging, is as close as possible to the original.

❖

Reading 17th Century Literature

Reading early English literature is always a challenge. Not only can spellings change within a single page, grammar and usage can change seemingly without reason. Most troublesome to the modern reader is the use of the long ‘s’ or ‘f ‘. The ‘f ‘ is a remnant of a Roman cursive ‘s’. Here are some examples of what you may come across while reading early text:


Notes on Mechanick Exercises:Or, The Doctrine Of Handy-Works

Mechanick Exercises: Or the Doctrine of Handy-Works, was the first book published in England as a serial. Serialization of books was practiced in other countries as a means to make texts available to the less affluent as well as to entice readers to continue to purchase installments. Publishing was a chancy business. With the exception of books backed by a religious institution, most publishers had to raise funds on their own, or print on speculation.

The individual chapters of Mechanick Exercises were priced at 6 to 10 pence each, not a small sum, but yet affordable by the Mechanick, a term used to describe someone who made their living through their trade. The full set included chapters on smithing, joinery, carpentry, turning, bricklaying and the making of sundials. Twenty-six engraved plates provided a visual reference that continues to be referred to today when we speak of traditional tools and trades. The content was written in such as way as to introduce tradesmen to both the basics of various crafts as well as to provide direction in advanced techniques.

By 1703, Mechanick Exercises appears to have been published as a single volume. It is difficult to say with certainty whether volumes bearing this date were offered as intact sets or if the buyers purchased individual sections for binding. It was a common practice of the 17th and 18th Century publisher to produce a book as an unbound set of signatures (a signature is one set of folded pages. Signatures were sewn together to make up the completed book) . Buyers, be they booksellers or private customers, could then chose the type of binding best suited to their means and preferences.

Written by a tradesman, for tradesmen, Mechanick Exercises: Or, the Doctrine of Handy-Works, remains one of the most important English language works on craft. The typical book


of building and architecture of the period was written by architects or authors who may or may not ever have set hand to tool. Joseph Moxon wrote of what he knew from his personal experiences. Although we do not know with any certainty if he actually practiced all of the trades of which he wrote, it is clear that his training in the crafts of printing and scientific instrument making lent practical insight in the writing of Mechanick Exercises.


A brief biography of Joseph Moxon

Joseph Moxon (August 8, 1627 - February 15, 1691) is best known today for his two works: Mechanick Exercises: Or, The Doctrine of Handy-Works and for Mechanick Exercises On The Whole Art Of Printing. In his day, Moxon was famed for his skills as a maker of terrestrial and celestial globes, mathematical instruments, maps and charts. Through considerable personal effort, Moxon was appointed Hydrographer to the King. He was also the first tradesman to be accepted to the Royal Society. There are at least 60 titles to which he has been associated as a printer, publisher, translator or author. This was a considerable sum of accomplishments for a 17th Century tradesman.

Born to James Moxon, a printer who held to Puritan beliefs, Joseph traveled with his father to Holland where they were engaged in the printing of the then outlawed Puritan Bibles in English, primarily for the London trade. The supposition is that they left England as a direct result of the prevailing religious climate. Following the end of the First English Civil War (1651), Joseph and his father returned to England. Although Joseph and his elder brother James continued to print Puritan bibles in London, Joseph eventually left the family printing business.

In his preface to Mathematicks made Easie (1679), Moxon says it was “about thirty years ago when I firft began to apply myfelf to Mathematical Learning.” From this we assume that Moxon began his studies of mathematics in 1649, at the age of 23. It is not known under whom he studied, but it is clear that he did learn the complex mathematics and constructive skills necessary in the making of globes, spheres, maps and mathematical instruments. From 1653 on, this work comprised the bulk of his personal enterprise. While engaged in the making and selling of scientific instruments, Moxon published various titles in the mathematical sciences, of both his authorship as well as of others. His broad interests led to


a series of titles on astronomy and geography, significant developing sciences of the seventeenth century.

Two instances stand out in the life of Joseph Moxon. He sought admittance to the ranks of the Royal Society as well as the position of Hydrographer to the King (the maker of maps and globes of the bodies of water of the world). These goals far exceeded the social and political reaches of the average skilled tradesman. Moxon was, however, possessed of considerable personal ambition. As Hydrographer, his business in globes and maps could only prosper and expand. Yet in the eyes of the scientific community of his day he was a tradesman. In the pursuit of his trades as a publisher, printer and maker of globes, Moxon was relegated to a fairly low position in the hierarchy of the scientific community. The demarkation between those who worked with their hands and those who were scientists was rarely crossed.

Moxon moved within a fairly rarified circle of friends as a direct result of his expertise in mathematics. An early supporter of Moxon’s publishing endeavors was Robert Hooke. Hooke is known as the father of microscopy, for coining the word “cell” to describe the basic unit of life, for Hook’s Law of Elasticity, and for his works in astronomy, evolution and architecture. It is apparent from Hooke’s personal records that he met frequently with Moxon to review new publications. Hooke notes that, on December 31, 1677, he “Calld on Moxon, he read me his firft monthly exercife of fmithery...” to which reference is made to the Mechanick Exercises: Or the Doctrine of Handy-Works. Hooke purchased the first installment of the Mechanick Exercises for 6d (6 pence) on January 2, 1678. Moxon’s production of scientific instruments and the regular publication of tabular reference material further served to bring him into contact with the scientific community. His application to be appointed Hydrographer to the King was signed by no less than fourteen members of the Royal Society.


His next goal was to be appointed to the Royal Society, the preeminent scientific society in England. Admission to the Royal Society was the ultimate in personal recognition for any man of learning and ambition. Membership in this august body of scholars was typically restricted to those of proper birth and connection. Tradesmen and merchants had never before been admitted to the Royal Society. Despite the opposition from many members of the Society, Moxon persevered and was eventually admitted. He holds the distinction as the first tradesman to join the Royal Society.

Another goal was to be appointed Printer to the Society. Presumably, Moxon saw this appointment as an opportunity to further expand his printing and publishing trade. Little did he realize that, buried in the bylaws of the Society, the Printer was rated lower than the Society Clerk. Fortunately, Moxon lost out on the appointment. Unfortunately, Moxon took the rebuff very hard and ceased to attend Royal Society meetings.

Moxon retained his position as Hydrographer to the King until his death. He is buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral, London.

❖

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.,/ .,/

, I

Mechanick Exercifes: OR THE ~

D OCT R IN E '-~ ~ ...

OF .

i~~s HANDY-WORKS. ,t: ~ e>mttbtng 3Joinerp ~.

Applied to t1:0 Arts cf i \!I:orpelltrp l!i:urllrag 'l51ick aperp. .

To wbich is added

Mubanick Dyaf/i"g: Shewing how to draw a tnlC ~ Sua-DYillon any given Plane, however Scitua-tcd; only widl the help of a ftraight R:tl~r and

~ a pair of Comp4fll) and ,:!thout any ATi:hmai-, ~~ ,at t:a!ci,J1JI ion. ..

" ., . . €I)e ~l)itb Q.";bition • I~ .' f

BJ J 0 S E P H MOXON, Fellow of the } RaJ.,/ Saci,tJ, And H;dtographer to the /ate lOng .CIlarles.

. I:ONDON:

~ Printed for D~n. Mi,bvinttr and Tho. Leigh, at the Ruf~~ml Cm~m in St. Paurs-CbW'th.Tllrli. 1703.

· I

Mechanick Exercifes: OR THE

DOCTRINE OF '

HANDY-WORKS.

~ emftbin\J 310inerp

Applied to l1:c AnI cf llCarpenttp ~Utnil1!l 'l5licklilpetp,

To which is added ~

MUbanick Dy"Oing: Shewing how to draw a true Sml-DYli lon any given Plane, however SCitua. ted; only wid1 the help of a ftraight R:lltr and a pair of Comp;1jJlI, and l-vjthout any ,Nahma;-,.11 t:a!,:d~fiop. ..

'. '. 'ltl)e 'ltl)itb ceDition, ," .,-

BJ JOSEPH MOXON, Fellow of th, Roy" S.';"} , And Hydrograp!.er to th, lat, IOng ,Oarles,

LON DON:

Printed for Dm. MiJ,v;nttr and Tho. Leigh, at the RUf~t:nJ Cr~'Wn jnSt. Paufs-Cplfl'tb.'1ard. 1703.

\ © 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com


DOCTRINE OF '

HANDY-WORKS.

~ emftbinll' 310inerp

Applied to li;c Artl cf Ili:arpentcp t/l:urnilm 'l5/icklilperp.

To which is added

MUbanick. DyaOing: Shewing how to draw a true Sllll-DYlilon any given Plane, however scitua. tcd; only widl the help of a ftraight Ruftr and a pair of Comp4fll, and without any ,Nahma;-e"t t:4!,':d:J1 jim. ..~

'.

." ,. BJ JOSEPH MOXON, Fellow of th,

Roy ttl SocittJ', and Hjdrographer to the !lIlt

lOng CIlarles.

LON DON:

Printed for D:.m. Mhllv;nttr and Tho. Leigh, at the RUf~t:1ul CrPlJJn in St. Paurs-Chlll'tb.7Ard. 1703.

\


DOCTRINE OF '

HANDY-WORKS.

~ emftbinll' 310inerp

Applied to li;c Artl cf Ili:arpentcp t/l:urnilm 'l5/icklilperp.

To which is added

MUbanick. DyaOing: Shewing how to draw a true Sllll-DYlilon any given Plane, however scitua. tcd; only widl the help of a ftraight Ruftr and a pair of Comp4fll, and without any ,Nahma;-e"t t:4!,':d:J1 jim. ..~

'.

." ,. BJ JOSEPH MOXON, Fellow of th,

Roy ttl SocittJ', and Hjdrographer to the !lIlt

lOng CIlarles.

LON DON:

Printed for D:.m. Mhllv;nttr and Tho. Leigh, at the RUf~t:1ul CrPlJJn in St. Paurs-Chlll'tb.7Ard. 1703.

\

"

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PR

EF

AC

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"

I See

110

more

fJ?.!

afln,

why

the

Sord

idne

ft ,

of/o

me

JPor

k11lm

, fo

ould

be

the ~

aufo

' .. ,

of co

ntem

pt u

pon

Man

ualQ

pera

tlons

,..

than

t/J.'%

t th

e ex

celle

nt

In1J

entio

n o

f a

Mill

/h

ould

be d

ifpis'

d, b

ecmi

fe a M

ind B

orfe

draw

$. ill

it.

And

tl)(/

the

Mec

hani

cks

be,

by

fom~,

ae,c

ount

ed T

gnob

le an

d Sc

anda

lous

'? ye

t it

is ve

ry w

ell K

nown

, th

at m

any

Gen

tlem

en in

tl

~i,s N

atio

n, o

f gQo

d (}(

ank

mzd

hig

h (k

ality

, ~,

.e

C01l

1m!a

nt i

ll l-I

andy

-Wor

ks:

And

o·

t/;er

'N.

4tio

llS 'e

xcee

d 'us

ill

num

bers

of (u

cb.,

Flow

ple

(lfan

t and

bea

lthey

this

the

ir V

iver

fio

n is,

tiJe

ir Almd

~ tZn

d,:Ba

dies

find;

and

/;O

lP

Barm

!efs

ctnd H

onef

t, 41

1Job

er m

en m

ay ju

dge?

Th

at G

eom

etry

, A

fhol

lorn

y, P

e,r

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tive,

N

lufic

k,

Nav

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Arc

hi

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ture

, &

c. 4

re e

xcel

lent

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ence

s, al

l tba

b.

All'fn

vbut

t be

ir 17

flJ.

.~~t

mes

will

conf

efs:

Yet

, .

to w

hat p

ll.rpo

fe lvo

1dd ~e

om~t

ry fe

r1Jt!

;, ,ve

re

it no

t to

cont

rive

t;Rule

s for

Handy-Works

.~ O

r ho

w co

uld

Afh

onom

y be

1<!10

1lm t

o an

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rIeato

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tit t

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ents ma

'd~ by

Band~

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hat

,.

PREFACE.! ~ , I See no more ~afln, why the Sordidneft " of/ome JVork11len, foou.Ld be tIle ,caufo ,. ' of contempt upon ManualOperatlons~ than tlJ,u the excellent 1111Jention of a Mill fhould be difpi/ d, becClufe' a .blind Borfe draws ill it. .lnd tbo~ the Mechanicks be, by flm~, accounted TgnoMe and Scalldalous'~ Jet it is wry well Known, elJat many Gentlemen ilJ

tllis Nation, of good rJ\..ank 41ld high (kttlity, {fre c01flm/ant ill Handy-Works: And o~ .tlier 'l'l..4tio11S exceed 'us ilJ numhers of (ucfJ. Flow pleaJant and "eal~l;ey this their 1)iver}ian is, their ]I/[mds alldtBodies find; and how Harm!efs 4nd HO~left) allJober men ~dy judge?

That Geor1Jetry, Afhonomy, Perfpeaive~ Mufick, Navigatiop, ArchiteCture, &c. 4fC excellent Sciences, Cf.ll t-pat-. ~1£(JJ!J hut t beir )JeOr ·fJ~tmes lvill confefs: re~ to what pItrpOfe ,vou!d ~eotn~t:ry !erlJe; ,vere it llOt to contrive fREde s for Hand y~ W orks ~ Or l.loW could Aflronomy be i<!lolvn to any perfeCtion; hIlt t) Jnflruments ma'd~ by Hand~ ;

l\ ; fP'l.1at


,-

PREFACE.! , , I See no more ~afln, why the Sordidneft . of/ome JVorkmen, foou.ld be tIle ,caufo ,.' of contempt upon ManualOperatlons~ than tlJ,u the excellent 1111Jention of a Mill fhould be difpi/ d, becClufe' a .blind Borfe draws ill it. .lnd tbo~ the Mechanicks be, by flm~, accounted Tgnoble and Scalldalous'~ Jet it is wry well Known, tlJat many Gentlemen ilJ

t/Jis Nation, of good rJ\..anK 41Zd high (kdlity, {fre c01Z1m/ant ill Handy-Works: And o~ .trey 'l'l..4tio11S exceed 'us iIJ numbers of (ucfJ. Flow pleafant and healt1;ey this their 1)iver}ian is, their ]I/[mds alldtBodies find; and how Barm!efs 4nd Honeft) allJober men "taJ judge?

Tbat Geor1Jetry, Afhonomy, PerfpeCl:ive, Mufick, Navigatiop, Archi-teCture, &c. 4fC excellent Sciences, all tbat-. . ' ~1£(1J!J hut t beir )JeOr ·fJ~tmes :vill confefs: re~ · ,,' ~ .. to what pItrpOfe ,votdd ~eotn~t:ry !erlJe; zoere it llOt to contriW r:R~de s for Hand y~ W orks ~ Or l.loW could Afironomy be i<!lolvn to an} perfeCtion; hIlt t) Jnflruments mad~ by Hand~

l\ ; fP'l.1at

frltnr ---- --------~~-

,-

PREFACE.! , , I See no more ~afln, why the Sordidneft . of/ome JVorkmen, foou.ld be tIle ,caufo ,.' of contempt upon ManualOperatlons~ than tlJ,u the excellent 1111Jention of a Mill fhould be difpi/ d, becClufe' a .blind Borfe draws ill it. .lnd tbo~ the Mechanicks be, by flm~, accounted Tgnoble and Scalldalous'~ Jet it is wry well Known, tlJat many Gentlemen ilJ

t/Jis Nation, of good rJ\..anK 41Zd high (kdlity, {fre c01Z1m/ant ill Handy-Works: And o~ .trey 'l'l..4tio11S exceed 'us iIJ numbers of (ucfJ. Flow pleafant and healt1;ey this their 1)iver}ian is, their ]I/[mds alldtBodies find; and how Barm!efs 4nd Honeft) allJober men "taJ judge?

Tbat Geor1Jetry, Afhonomy, PerfpeCl:ive, Mufick, Navigatiop, Archi-teCture, &c. 4fC excellent Sciences, all tbat-. . ' ~1£(1J!J hut t beir )JeOr ·fJ~tmes :vill confefs: re~ · ,,' ~ .. to what pItrpOfe ,votdd ~eotn~t:ry !erlJe; zoere it llOt to contriW r:R~de s for Hand y~ W orks ~ Or l.loW could Afironomy be i<!lolvn to an} perfeCtion; hIlt t) Jnflruments mad~ by Hand~

l\ ; fP'l.1at

frltnr ---- --------~~-

.( I)

ME

,CH

AN

ICI( 'B

XE

l1\.(ISE5

:

OR

, T

he.boctrine of Handy.1jl"arkj.' /

. ."'"

j

I of S MIT

H I N

· G in

Genera!;

Dej,nti()ll~ ..

S " !vi ri HI N

G is

an Art-M

anual, "J which, an irregular

Lu

m! (or fe'Ver~1

L~mp

s) of

Imi} is w

rought mto an intended Shape. .

'\. .

This D

efinition, 'needs no Ex~anation; .

-therefore I /hall proce~ed to

give youa~ .

Accoun~ of the

. Tools a

· Sm

ith .ufes; not but !h

at (~hey being fo comm

on) I fuppofe yo~ dq already know

them

; but partly becaufe they

may require fom

e precaution in fetting them

up fitteft to

your ufe; and pardy be.caufe it ~e~

. hoves )X~u .to know

the Nam~s, ~ml~hs ,c,all t~~ feveral parts of them

by

; that when I nam

e-rhem

in

Smith's L

anguage (as I fhall oft have bcca': ~on to~o in

ihef,(f Exercifcs) you m

~y the c~iiic~

underftand them,. as you read them

.

. . O

f {etti1tg up " Sinith;s Forge~ .

rJ?HE

IJearth, or F

ire-place 9f the F01'ge m

ark': .. L

ed

A.

(in plate I.)' is to be D

uilt up froni four fIoo! \V

ith .BricRab~ut two foot ~nd an h~l£j

9f fom

etlmes tw

o foot mn

e Inches hlgh,accord~n~ .~~ .the purpore ~,oudertgI.1 you(k'orgeforj f~F 1,( y. ou~ ,.z:0~ge .De m

tended fo~ he~vy' work; Y.?ur..

ll'l}rrh iIiUit be low

er th~ri it need be for l~g~t

. A

w

orJtj

,~

(1)

MEC 'HANICl( :EXE~C.lSES :, , OR,

, .. : '

, '

-~!--~--------------.". , Of S MIT H IN G in Genera!;

Dejtlftio.1J;

S'" AtilT HI N G ii an Att~Manual, "y which. an irregular Lump (or fe'V~r(lt L~mps) ()[

. ' , Iron-J is wrought into an intended Shape. , ,:' .. 'I1fiis Definition, 'needs no Ex¢amition;. ~

, : . ~herefore 'I !hall proce~e? to give you .a~ ' Account of the Tools a Smith ufes; not but that (they being' fo common) I fuppore yo~ d~ already know' them; but partly becauie they may require forne precaution in" fetting theni up firieit; 'to YOQrufe; and partly becaufe it be.;;

. hoves l.tlu }o'kn<?\y the Nam~s, ~mi~hs ,c,all t~~ feveral parts of~tliem by; that when I name-them in Smith's Language (as I lhall oft have od::a.: fion to~o in thefe Exe;c;{cs) you may thecafier underibnd them, as YOil read them. -

• ' , 1 Of jeUi11g up a Smith;s Forge~ . ;-:-;PH, E Hearth, or Fice, ,-place of the Forge iri,ar.k~ ", ~ , ed A. (in Plate I.) ' is to be built up ' from lour floor with ·BricK a~o~t two foot and an half, 9r fometimes two foot ;nine Inches high,accocd..: ~n~t? ,thepurpore ~'oudefigJl youi,-,:orgeforJ f?f U:you~ :r:()~ge .tle Intended fo~ heavy' w,ork, y;?,ur. lI.u]rtb matt lie lower th~n It need be for l1g~t

, , A , worJJ:i


, " "

UsC'HANzel( EXEr}{C.ZSES :

OR,

Tbe~t;ochine of HanJy .. 1;Vorkj.'

Of S MIT H IN G in Generll!~ ·

Dej'/!'tio.1t.~

S'" A-hTHING ii an Art~Manual, "y which. an irregular Lump (or jever(lt L~mps) of

, , Iron} , is wrought into an intended Shape., ' " .. This Definition, 'needs no Ex!'1amition; ~

, ' . therefore 'I !hall proc~ed to give you ,a~ , Account of the Tools a Smith ufes; not but that (they being fo comnion) I fuppofe you d~ already know' them; but partly becauie they may require fome precaution in fetting theni up fitte;ft to yourufe; and pardy becaufe it be,;;

-hoves IRu to' know the Nam~s, .~mi~hs ,c,all t~~ feveral parts of,them by; that when I name-them in Smith's Language (as I lhall oft have bc;Ca~ fion tofto in thefe ExerCifcs) you may thecafier underftand them, as you read them.

~ ,' , Of jeUi11g up a Smith;s Forge~ .

T' . ,HE Hear!h, or Fire, -t:1ace of the !'orge mar.k~ . , ed A. (1n Plate I.) ' 15 to be bUllt up ' from ,our floor with ·1;Jrick about two foot and an hiilf, 9r fometimes two foot 'nine Inches high,accord.: ~n~t? ,thepurpore ~'oudefigJl youi.forgeforJ fof u: you~ .Z:0~ge .lje Intended fo~ heavy' w,ork, Y.?.u~ lI.u]rtb iImit lie lower th;an It need be for l1gl)t

, , A work;

, " "

UsC'HANzel( EXEr}{C.ZSES :

OR,

Tbe~t;ochine of HanJy .. 1;Vorkj.'

Of S MIT H IN G in Generll!~ ·

Dej'/!'tio.1t.~

S'" A-hTHING ii an Art~Manual, "y which. an irregular Lump (or jever(lt L~mps) of

, , Iron} , is wrought into an intended Shape., ' " .. This Definition, 'needs no Ex!'1amition; ~

, ' . therefore 'I !hall proc~ed to give you ,a~ , Account of the Tools a Smith ufes; not but that (they being fo comnion) I fuppofe you d~ already know' them; but partly becauie they may require fome precaution in fetting theni up fitte;ft to yourufe; and pardy becaufe it be,;;

-hoves IRu to' know the Nam~s, .~mi~hs ,c,all t~~ feveral parts of,them by; that when I name-them in Smith's Language (as I lhall oft have bc;Ca~ fion tofto in thefe ExerCifcs) you may thecafier underftand them, as you read them.

~ ,' , Of jeUi11g up a Smith;s Forge~ .

T' . ,HE Hear!h, or Fire, -t:1ace of the !'orge mar.k~ . , ed A. (1n Plate I.) ' 15 to be bUllt up ' from ,our floor with ·1;Jrick about two foot and an hiilf, 9r fometimes two foot 'nine Inches high,accord.: ~n~t? ,thepurpore ~'oudefigJl youi.forgeforJ fof u: you~ .Z:0~ge .lje Intended fo~ heavy' w,ork, Y.?.u~ lI.u]rtb iImit lie lower th;an It need be for l1gl)t

, , A work;

.' \ .

cr)·

'L:J

~ ~"'.""

~'"

. ..

/'

."

. ,

~" " . ' - -. ... .

. ', I

. ,


~ . . . .. . . - -. ... . .

.', I

. , ~ . . . .. . . - -. ... . .

.', I

. ,

~

" . .

, M

EC

HA

NIC

K

EX

ER

CIS

ES

;

'OR

,

The

, Doc

trine

of Handj-Wor~

-Ihe

A

rt o

j J 0

I N

E R

y~

. D

efin

ition

.

,

0 IN

E R

Y,

;s a

;, A

r' M

anN

"!,

whe

reby

flv

e.

ral P

iece

s of. W

oo~

are

{o f

itteJ

."d

join

'd to

ge

ther

b1

Str

aIgh

t. lI

ne,

Squa

res,

Mit

ers

or a

7lJ

. B

evel

, th

at th

ey (b

all J

eem

one i

ntir

e Pu

ce.

Expl

anat

ion;

B

y St

raig

bt-L

ines

I

mea

n th

at w

hich

in

Joy,

.' ne

r's

Lan

guag

e is

caU

'd a

Join

t,

Th

at i

s,

tWo

Piec

es o

f W

oo

d a

re S

hot

(th

at i

s F

Jain

ed,)

or

./

; elf

e th

ey a

re P

areq

, th

at i

s,

the

irre

gula

riti

es

that

hin

der

the

dofi

ng o

f th

e tw

o Pi

eces

are

cit

t of

f w

ith

a. P

airi

ng·c

kiif

el.

Th

ey a

re S

hot

or

Par

ed (

as I

faid

) 10

exa

ctly

ftr

aigh

t; t

hat

whe

n th

ey a

re f

et u

pon

one

anot

her,

lig

ht i

hall

no

t be

difc

erno

d be

twjx

t th

em.

Th

is th

ey c

all

Sho

ot

ing

of

a Jo

int,

o

r P

arin

g to

a J

oint

, be

cauf

e th

efe

two

. Pie

ces

aret

wit

h G

lew

com

mon

ly j

oIn'

d to

geth

er, ~ither t

o m

ake

a B

oard

bro

ad e

noug

h fo

r th

eir

purp

ofe,

o

r to

iI. C

lam

p on

e pi

ece

of

Woo

d to

the

end

of

anot

her

piec

e o

f W

cod

to

keep

it fr

om C

aftin

g o

r W

a1J>

ing.

By

, }{ECHANICK EXERCISES;

bit,

The Doctrine of Handj-Wor~

~he Art of J 0 I N E R Y.

> Definition.

,. 0 IN E R Y, ;s 118 Art Man""l., wbefe'7 flve-· ral Pieces of Wood are fo fitteJ .na join d toge-• they b1 Straight-line, Squares, Miters or 111IJ · Bevel, that they (ball Jeem tme jlltire Piece.

Explanlltion, By SIraigbt.Lines I mean that which in Joy .. '

, ner's Language is calrd a Joint, That is, tWo Pieces of Wood are Shot (that is FJained,) or ,,'

• eire they are Pared, that is, the irregularities that hinder the doting of the two Pieces are cUt off \V ith a I'air~g ·ckilfel. They ~re Shot or Pared (as I raid) (0 exaCtly ftraight, that when they are fet upon one another, light ihall not be difcerri'd betwixt them. This they call Shooting of a Joint, or ' Paring to a Joint, becaufe there two , Pieces are (with Glew commonly join'd

'· iogether, either to make a Board broad enough ' for their purpofe, or to a. Camp 'one piece of WoOd to the end of aJlother piece of Wood to keep it from Cafting or Warying. '

> , ., ~.

By



bIt,



, Definition. J" 0 IN E R Y, is an Art Mantla/., wbe1e'7 flve, ral Pieces of Wood are fo fitteJ .na join d toge

ther b1 Straight-line, Squares, Miters or II", , Bevel, tbat they (ball jeem one jntire Piece.

Explanation, By SIra;gbt.Lines I mean that which in Joy .. '

ner's Language is calrd a Joint, That is, tWo Pieces of Wood are Shot (that is FJained,) or. '

' eIfe they are Pared, that is, the irregularities that hinder the doting of the two Pieces are cUt off with a Pairing·csiifel. They are Shot or Pared (as I faid) (0 exaCtly ftraight; that when they are fet upon one another, light thall not be difcerri'd betwixt them. This they call Shooting of a Joint, or Paring to a Joint, becaufe thefe two Pieces are,..with Glew commonly join'd together, c;ither to make a Board broad enough

' for their purpofe, or to a. Oamp one piece of Wood to the end of aJlother piece of Wood to keep it from Cafting or Warying. '

By


bIt,



, Definition. J" 0 IN E R Y, is an Art Mantla/., wbe1e'7 flve, ral Pieces of Wood are fo fitteJ .na join d toge

ther b1 Straight-line, Squares, Miters or II", , Bevel, tbat they (ball jeem one jntire Piece.

Explanation, By SIra;gbt.Lines I mean that which in Joy .. '

ner's Language is calrd a Joint, That is, tWo Pieces of Wood are Shot (that is FJained,) or. '

' eIfe they are Pared, that is, the irregularities that hinder the doting of the two Pieces are cUt off with a Pairing·csiifel. They are Shot or Pared (as I faid) (0 exaCtly ftraight; that when they are fet upon one another, light thall not be difcerri'd betwixt them. This they call Shooting of a Joint, or Paring to a Joint, becaufe thefe two Pieces are,..with Glew commonly join'd together, c;ither to make a Board broad enough

' for their purpofe, or to a. Oamp one piece of Wood to the end of aJlother piece of Wood to keep it from Cafting or Warying. '

By

ii&

It 5~

' .

1111

II1II1

II111

1111

1[.il

~I

. .B.J .~_

»Mi B.5~

iilmmmilllllllrn_ii - ...... , . I

. II 0 -~ i

I .

I'

C.G I .......

.~ ,

~

~I --


~ no5-. lilmillmilllllllrn~_

.~ ,

~ no5-. lilmillmilllllllrn~_

.~ ,

( 1

17

) 1

-.

"""

ME

CH

AN

ICK

E

XE

RC

ISE

S;

r ,

OR

,

The

Doc

trine

of Ha

ndy-

Wor~

App

lied

to th

e A

R T

of

Hou

fe-C

arpe

ntry

;

'BEING

now c

ome

to e

xerc

ife

upon

'the

C

arpc

nter

s T

rade

, it

may

be

exp

eded

,by

fo

me,

th

qt I

fuo

uld

lllfi

ft

upon

Arc

bi-

, te

Efur

e J it

bei

ng f

o ab

folu

tely

ne

cefE

iry

for

Bui

lder

s to

be

acqu

aint

ed w

ith:

But

my

An

[wer

to .t

hem

is,

th

at t

here

are

fo

man

y B

ooks

of

Ar~b

jte£

fure

ext

ant,

and

in th

em t

he R

ules

fo wel1~

, fo

cop

iouH

y, a

nd f

ocom

plea

tly

hand

led,

tll

at it

is

need

lefs

for

me

to fa

y an

y th

ing

of

that

Sci

ence

: N

or

do I

thin

k an

y M

an t

hat

Iho

uld,

can

do

mor

e th

an C

olle

Ct

out o

f the

ir B

ooks

, an

d pe

rhap

s de

~ li

ver

thei

r M

eani

ngs

in h

is o

wn

Wox

:ds.

Bet

ides

, A

rchi

teliu

re is

a M

athe

mfl

tical

Sci

ence

, an

d th

ere

fore

di

ffer

ent

from

m

y pr

efen

t U

nder

taki

ngs,

w

nich

are

(a

s by

my Ti

~le)

M

echa

pkk Ex

er~

dfes

: y

et b

ecau

fe B

ooks

of

Arc

hite

Ctu

re a

re' a

s ne

c,e1

farv

for

a B

ilild

er t

o u

nder

ftan

d, a

s th

e uf

~ o

f T

oo

ls;

and

left

fo

rne

Bui

lder

s fh

ould

not

kn

ow

how

to

enqu

ire

for

them

, I

thal

l at

tn~

la

tter

end

o

f C

arpe

ntry

'g

ive

'you

the

Nam

es o

f fa

me

Aut

hors

, ef

peci

ally

fu

ch a

s ar

e P

rint

ed in

th

e E

nglip

, T

ongu

e.

. .

Som

e m

ay p

erha

,ps

alfo

thi

nk i

t .ha

d be

ep m

ore

. pr

oper

for

mc.

in t

hefe

Exe

rcife

s t9

hav

e im

rodu

· Qe

ct.C

tslp

entr

y be

fore

Joi

nery

, be

cauf

e N

ec;c

ffity

, (t

he

Mot

her

of

Inye

mio

n )

did

doub

tlefS

com

pel

" H

3

OU

f I

( 117) 1

F

MECHANICK EXERCISES; r

OR,

The Dotl:rine of Handy-Work.!

Applied to the ART of HOllfe-Carpentry.

BEING now come to exercife upon 'the CarpQ'N/trJ Trade, it may be expeded,by fame, thqt I Ihould infift upon Arcbt

. , teBure, it being fo abfolutely necefl11ry for Builders ' to be acquainted with: But my An[w~r to them is, that there are fa many Books of ArchiteElureextant, and in them the Rules fa well~ " fa copiouRy, and focompleatly handled, tbat it is needlefs for me to fay any thing of that Science: Nor do I think any Man that Ihould, can do more "than CoHea out of their Books, and perhaps de-liver their Meanings in his own Words. Belides, Ar&hiteilure is a Math~mfltical Science, and therefore differ~nt from my prefent Undertakings, which ;:ire (as by my Tide) MechaIiick Exer.,. dfes : yet becaufe Books of Architecture are' as nec:efiarv for a Builder to underftand, as the ufe of Tools ; and left ; (orne Builders Ihould not know how to enquire for them, I fhall at tn~ latter end of Carpentr, "give "yoq the Names of 'fome Authors, efpecially fuch as are Printed in the Englip, Tongue. . .

Some may l)erha.ps alfo think it ~ad beep. more proper for me in thefe Exercifes tphave.introdu· ~e.t C~IPentrJ before Joinery, becaufe Neceffity, (t1)e "Mother of Invemion ) did doubtlcB compel " H 3 OUf

/


( 117) 1

F


OR,


Applied to the ART of HOllfe-Carpentry. 'BEING now come to exercife upon 'the CarpenttrJ Trade, it may be expeded,by fame, thqt I Ihould infift upon Arcbt-

, teBure, it being fo abfolutely necefl11ry for Builders ' to be acquainted with: But my An[w~r to them is, that there are fa many Books of ArchiteElureextant, and in them the Rules fa well~ , fa copiouRy, and focompleatly handled, tbat it is needlefs for me to fay any thing of that Science: Nor do I think any Man that Ihould, can do more than CoHea out of their Books, and perhaps deliver their Meanings in his own Words. Belides, A"hite{Jure is a Math~m~tical Science, and therefore different from my prefent Undertakings, which ;:ire (as by my Tide) Mechap:ick Exer.,. dfes : yet becaufe Books of Architecture are' as nec:efiarv for a Builder to underftand, as the ufe of Tools ; and left , (orne Builders Ihould not know how to enquire for them, I fhall at tn~ latter end of Carpentr, 'give 'you the Names of fome Authors, efpecially fuch as are Printed in the Englip, Tongue. . .

Some may l)erha.ps alfo think it ~ad beep. more proper for me in thefe Exercifcs t9 .have introdu· ~e.( C~IIPe"trJ before Joinery, becaufe Neceffity, (t1)e 'Mother of Invemion ) did doubtlefs compel " H 3 OUf

/

( 117) 1

F


OR,


Applied to the ART of HOllfe-Carpentry. 'BEING now come to exercife upon 'the CarpenttrJ Trade, it may be expeded,by fame, thqt I Ihould infift upon Arcbt-

, teBure, it being fo abfolutely necefl11ry for Builders ' to be acquainted with: But my An[w~r to them is, that there are fa many Books of ArchiteElureextant, and in them the Rules fa well~ , fa copiouRy, and focompleatly handled, tbat it is needlefs for me to fay any thing of that Science: Nor do I think any Man that Ihould, can do more than CoHea out of their Books, and perhaps deliver their Meanings in his own Words. Belides, A"hite{Jure is a Math~m~tical Science, and therefore different from my prefent Undertakings, which ;:ire (as by my Tide) Mechap:ick Exer.,. dfes : yet becaufe Books of Architecture are' as nec:efiarv for a Builder to underftand, as the ufe of Tools ; and left , (orne Builders Ihould not know how to enquire for them, I fhall at tn~ latter end of Carpentr, 'give 'you the Names of fome Authors, efpecially fuch as are Printed in the Englip, Tongue. . .

Some may l)erha.ps alfo think it ~ad beep. more proper for me in thefe Exercifcs t9 .have introdu· ~e.( C~IIPe"trJ before Joinery, becaufe Neceffity, (t1)e 'Mother of Invemion ) did doubtlefs compel " H 3 OUf

/

D

~.

(J.

-:1

lJ


ME

CJI

AN

ICK

EX

ER

CIS

ES

: O

R,

The

Dof

rrin

e of

l/f

mdy

.Wor

ks.

As

by

plac

ing

one

Foo

t o

f a

pair

of

. C

ompa

ffes

.on

a Pl

ane,

an

d m

ovin

g a-

, bo

ut t

he o

ther

Foo

t or

poi

'nt,

defc

rib e

s on

th

at P

lane

a

Cir

cle

wit

h th

e m

ovi

ng p

oint

; fo

:ln

y Su

bfra

nce,

be

it

Woo

d, I

vory

, Br

aJs,

&c.

pi

tcht

fre

ddy

upon

tw

o po

ints

(as

on

an

Axi

s) a

nd m

oved

abo

ut o

n th

at' A

xis,

a~.

fa

def

crib

es

a C

ircl

e C

oncc

ntri

ck t

o th

e A

xis

: A

pct(;

ln E

dge-

Too

l fe

t H

eddy

to

that

par

t o

f the

ou

tfid

e o

f th

e af

oref

aid

Subf

ranc

e th

at is

nea

reft

th

e A

xis,

will

in, a

Cir

cum

volu

tion

of

that

Sub

fi

ance

, cu

t of

f al

l th

e pa

rts

of S

ubfr

ance

tha

t lie

s fa

rthe

r of

f th

e A

xis,

and

mak

e th

e ou

tfid

e of

tha

t Su

bfra

nce

alfo

Con

cent

rick

to

the

Axi

s.

Thi

s is

a b

nef

Col

leai

on,

and

inde

ed t

he w

hole

S

um o

f Tu

r;tin

g.

Now

, as

th

ere

is d

iffe

rent

M

atte

r, "

or S

up ..

nanc

e, t

o be

T"

rned

, io

ther

e is

al

fo d

ifferen~

Way

s, a

nd d

iffe

rent

Too

ls t

o be

ufe

d in

TlIr

ni1s

g ea

~h d

ifte

rent

Mat

ter,

M~

Tho

l

MEC ,HANICK EXERCISES: . 0 R, I

The Doarine of IfaHdy-Works •

. Applied to the ART of TU R NI NG.

Of Turning.

A s by placing one Foot ,of a pair of . . Compaffes on a Plane, aM moving a-

. . ,bout the other Foot or point, defcribes on that Plane a Circle with the mo

ving point; fo :lny Subftance, be it Wood) Ivo,y, Brafi, &c. pitcht fteddy upon two points (as on an . Axis) and moved about on that Axis, a~~ fo defcribes a Circle Conccntrick to the Axis: Anci"";ln Edge-Tool fet Heddy to that part of the outfideof the aforefaid Subftance that is neareft the Axis, will . in, a Circumvolution of that Subfiance, cu~ off all the parts of Subftance that lies farther off the Axis, and make the outfide of that SubfUnce alfo Concentrick to the Axis, This is a bri~[ ColleElion, a~d indeed the whole Sum of Turnzng. k.,

Now, as there,is different Matter, or Sup .. . ttance, to be TUrned, fo there is alfo diflerent

Ways, and different Tools to be ured in 11mzi1S/$ ~ar;.~ dif!:erent Matter. < •

Tho

.-.


MEC ,HANICK EXERCISES: . 0 R,

The Doarine of IfaHdy-Works.

Applied to the ART of TU R NI NG.

Of Turning.

A s by placing one Foot of a pair of . . Compaffes on a Plane, and moving a-


ving point; fo :lny Subftance, be it Wood, Ivo,y, Brafi, &c. pitcht fteddy upon two points (as on an . Axis) and moved about on that Axis, a~~ fo defcribes a Circle Conccntrick to the Axis: Anci~;ln Edge-Tool fet !teddy to that part of the outfideof the aforefaid Subftance that is neareft the Axis, will in, a Circumvolution of that Sub. fiance, cut off all the parts of Subftance that lies farther off the Axis, and make the outfide of that Subfbnce alfo Concentrick to the Axis, This is a brief ColleEiion, and indeed the whole Sum of TuJiiing. '.

Now, as there is different Matter, or Sup .. . -nance, to be TUrneil, fo there is alfo diflerent

Ways, and different Tools to be ured in TJlyni1sg ~l~ll different Matter,

M4 Tho . \

MEC ,HANICK EXERCISES: . 0 R,

The Doarine of IfaHdy-Works.

Applied to the ART of TU R NI NG.

Of Turning.

A s by placing one Foot of a pair of . . Compaffes on a Plane, and moving a-


ving point; fo :lny Subftance, be it Wood, Ivo,y, Brafi, &c. pitcht fteddy upon two points (as on an . Axis) and moved about on that Axis, a~~ fo defcribes a Circle Conccntrick to the Axis: Anci~;ln Edge-Tool fet !teddy to that part of the outfideof the aforefaid Subftance that is neareft the Axis, will in, a Circumvolution of that Sub. fiance, cut off all the parts of Subftance that lies farther off the Axis, and make the outfide of that Subfbnce alfo Concentrick to the Axis, This is a brief ColleEiion, and indeed the whole Sum of TuJiiing. '.

Now, as there is different Matter, or Sup .. . -nance, to be TUrneil, fo there is alfo diflerent

Ways, and different Tools to be ured in TJlyni1sg ~l~ll different Matter,

M4 Tho . \

.. ---------------~----~~-----

MB

CH

AN

ICK

EX

ER

CIS

ES

: O

R,

The

DoC

trine

of

H,,,

J,.W

,,&.

App

lied

tQ th

e A

RT

of

Bric

kl"J

ers ~OI'k.

-

Def

initi

on.

BRi

Ckl

aJer

,.IYo

rk is

an

.Art

Ma"Jta~

",bi

eh

. Joi

", fe

vera

l Bo

dies

Jo to

getb

er,

that

tbe]

. ~

adbe

re li

ke o

ne e

ntire

Bol

y.

. W

heth

er th

e 1I

'bite

Maf

on,

whi

ch

is .

th

e H

ayer

of S

tone

, or

the

Rei!

MaJ

on,

whi

ch i

s th

e H

ewer

of B

rick,

be

the

mof

t Anc

ient

, I k

now

no

t:

but i

n H

oly

Wri

t, w

e re

ad o

f mak

ing

of

Bric

ks,

Wor

e w

e re

ad o

f D

iggi

ng

or H

ewin

g o

f St

ones

; th

etef

ore

we

mayfup~ofe th

e Re

I. M

aron

(o

r Bri

ckla

yer)

to

be th

e m

olt A

ncie

.t.

( .

The

met

hod

that

I {h

aU u

fe in

, Tre

atin

g of

this

A

rt ili

all b

e th

is.

. F

irjl,

I w

ill f

uew

w

hat M

ater

ials

th

ey u

fe,

and

thei

r C

ompo

fitio

n.

Seco

ndly

, I

will

tre

at o

f th

eir

Too

ls,

and

de

fcri

be th

eir

Nam

es a

nd U

fes.

Thi

rdly

; I

will

dec

lare

thei

r M

etho

d o

f Wor

k·

ing,

bot

h 'in

Bric

ks,

Tile

s, &:

c. .

-

...

41i I

---------~~~~----~-------

MBCHA.NICK BXBRaISBS: OR,

The DoClrine of H."tt,.W"h.

Applied to the ART of Bricklaps' ~orl.

Definition.

BRiCHaJerS.1YOf'k is an .An Manual, JPbic1j . Joins fe'l!eral Bodi~ fo t.ogetber, tbat tbey . - . adhere lzke one entzn Boiy. 0

Whether the 1Pbite Mafon, which is ' the Hewer of Stone, or the Red Mafon, which i$ the HeWer of Brick, be the molt AncieJJ.t, I know

• not: but in Holy Writ, we read of making of Bricks, before we read of Digging or Hewing

. of Ston~; therefore we may 0 fup~ore the Rel , Maron (or Bricklayer) to be the molt Ancie.t.

o The method that I fha}l ufe in Treating of this Art thall be this.

0

FirJl, I will fhew what Materials they ufe, and their Compofition.

Secondly, I will treat of their Tools, and defcribe their Names and Ufes.

Thiydly, I will declare their Method ofW~rk· ing, both in Bri,k~, Til~s> &:e. . -.

AnJ.


-----------~--------~-------•

MBCHA.NICK BJCBRaIS!S: OR,

The Doeaine of H."tt,.W"h.

Applied to the ART of Bricklayers ~orl.

Definition.

BRic1ilaJers.1YOf'k is an .An Manual, JPbic1j , Joins fe'l!eral Bodi~ fo together, tbat tbey

- adhere lzke one entzn Boiy. 0

Whether the 1Pbite Mafon, which is 0

the Hewer of Stone, or the Red Mafon, which is the HeWer of Brick, be the molt AncieJl,t, I know


. of Ston~; therefore we may 0 fup~ore the Rel Maron (or Bricklayer) to be the molt Ancie.t.

o The method that I !hall ufe in Treating of this Art thall be this.

0

FirJl, I will !hew what Materials they ufe, and their Compofition.


Tbiydly, I will declare their Method ofW~rk· ing) both in Bricks, Tiles) &:e. . -

I AnJ. ',,", ' ..

, . .

-----------~--------~-------•

MBCHA.NICK BJCBRaIS!S: OR,

The Doeaine of H."tt,.W"h.

Applied to the ART of Bricklayers ~orl.

Definition.

BRic1ilaJers.1YOf'k is an .An Manual, JPbic1j , Joins fe'l!eral Bodi~ fo together, tbat tbey

- adhere lzke one entzn Boiy. 0

Whether the 1Pbite Mafon, which is 0

the Hewer of Stone, or the Red Mafon, which is the HeWer of Brick, be the molt AncieJl,t, I know


. of Ston~; therefore we may 0 fup~ore the Rel Maron (or Bricklayer) to be the molt Ancie.t.

o The method that I !hall ufe in Treating of this Art thall be this.

0

FirJl, I will !hew what Materials they ufe, and their Compofition.


Tbiydly, I will declare their Method ofW~rk· ing) both in Bricks, Tiles) &:e. . -

I AnJ. ',,", ' ..

, . .

~----::

r

'"::~ __

I I'

.'

1

i "

3.

, I ;

j,

!fr'

J -'-.~

'-."

'

1 . ___

b 111111/11111. U 1111 n IIIlk ...


1- _

b I) 11111) 1111. U /111 n IIIlJI: ...

1- _

b I) 11111) 1111. U /111 n IIIlJI: ...

Mechanick D

yaUing:·

TE

AC

HIN

G

Any M

an, tho' of an O

rdinary Ca~ pacity and unlearned ~n

. the Ma~

thematicks, -

. T

o D

raw a T

rue

SU

N-D

YA

U

ON

A

NY

-GIV

EN

PL

AN

E,

How

ever Scituated :

. Only w

ith. the help of a frraight RttJe and a pair-of CompAJJes; and w

ithout any Arith-

I

metical C

alculation.

€b

t lourtl) <ebition.

By JO

SE

PH

M

OX

ON

, FelloJv o

f the RO

Jal Socifty, and H

ydrograplger to the late, .

I(jng Charles.

" L

ON

DO

N:

printed for Tho Leigh and D

an. Midw

inter, at the R

ofcanJC

rown inS

t. Paufs-C

hur,h·Tard, .1703.

Mechanick DyaUing: TEACHING

Any l'vIan, tho' of an Ordinary Ca~ pacity and unlearned ~n. the Ma~ thematicks, - .1

To Draw a True I. SUN-DYAU

ON ANY

· GIVEN PLANE, However Scituated :

Only with the help of a fhaight Rttle and a · pair of CompaJJes; and without any Arith

metical Calculation.

--------------------------~l.

, " .~ .', '. '

. By JOSEPH MOXON, Fe!l(}w of the · Royal Socifty, and Hydrograp1ger to t~e late

l(jng Charles. , .

LON DON:

printed for Tho., Leigh and Dan. Midwinter, at the Rofe anti Crown inSc. P aufs--Chu,,h·lard, 1703.




To Draw a True

SUN-DYAU ON ANY

. GIVEN PLANE, However Scituated :

Only with the help of a fhaight Rttle and a pair of CompaJJes; and without any Arithmetical Calculation.

€be fOUtt1) <lebition. .. J~. I

By JOSEPH MOXON, Fellow of the ROJal Socifty, and Hydrograp1ger to the late l(jng Charles.

LON DON:

printed for Tho. Leigh and Dan. Midwinter, at the Rofe anti Crown inSc. P aufs--Chemh-lard,1703.



To Draw a True

SUN-DYAU ON ANY

. GIVEN PLANE, However Scituated :

Only with the help of a fhaight Rttle and a pair of CompaJJes; and without any Arithmetical Calculation.

€be fOUtt1) <lebition. .. J~. I

By JOSEPH MOXON, Fellow of the ROJal Socifty, and Hydrograp1ger to the late l(jng Charles.

LON DON:

printed for Tho. Leigh and Dan. Midwinter, at the Rofe anti Crown inSc. P aufs--Chemh-lard,1703.

( 307 )

\)

1

-~-~----~--

__

__

__

__

___

__

_

~)

I -

• I

Mechanick D

yaUin 0

, ~~----

-----~------------~--~-----

De{criptirm

Of DyaU

lng.

DY

allingOriginallY

is a Mathem

atical SCi

ence, attained

by the _ Philofophical

-contem

Plation o

f the M

otion of the

Sun, the Motion o

f the 'Shadow, the

Conftitution

of

the Sphere;

the Scituation

of

Planes~ and the Confideratiort of L

ineS.

Explanlltion.

T ' H

E M

otion of th~ Stin

'is reguIer, it moving

in equal Space in equal Tim

e; But the M

oon of the Shadow

irregular, in all parts o

f the E

arth, unlefs under the two Poles, and that m

ore o

r lefs according to the Conftitution o

f the Sphfr~ and

.Scituation of the Plane.

And therefore Scien

tifick Dyalifts by

' the Geom

etrick Confiderations

of L

ines; have found out Rules, to

mark out the

irregular Motion o

f the S haJo11J in all Latitudes, and on all Planes,

to Com

ply with the regular M

otion o

f the Sun. And there R

ules of adjufting the

Motion o

f the Shadow to

the Motiop o

f the Sun, m

ay be called Scientifick DyalJing.

But though w

e may juftly account D

yaOing ori

ginall y a Science, yet fhch ha ve been the Generolity

of m

any of its ftudious C

ontemplators, th\at they

l1ave comm

unicated their' acquired Rllles; \y

hereby it is now

become to

many o

f the Ingenious no m

ore difficult than an Art, and by m

any late Au-

U

2. th

an

--'

, '

~-----~~ ) ,\

.:..:..-----....-------~--_:~ II

Mechanick DyaUirtg"~ I

"

Defcriptim of Dyal1ing. DYalling originally is a Ma,thematic/lISci';' ence, attained by the Philofopbical contemplation of the Motion of the Sun, the Motion of the Shadow, the

Conftitution of the Sphere; the Scituation of Plalles~ and the Coniideration of Lines.

Exp1anlltion.

T' HE Motion of, th~ Stin is reguIer, it moving , in equal Space in equal Time; But the Moon Of the Shadow irregular, in all parts of the Earth, unlefs under the two Poles, and that more or lefs according t6 the Conftitution of theSph,r~ andScituation of the Plane. And therefore Scientifick Dyalifts by' the Geometrick Confiderations of Lines, have found Out Rules, to mark out the irregular Motion of the S haJo'JIJ in all Latitudes, and on all PlaneJ, to Comply with the regular Motion of the Sun. And there Rules of adjufting the Motion of the Shadow to the Motiqn of the Sun, may be called Scientifick DyaOing.

But though we may juftly account DJaOing ori. ginallya Science, yet fuch have been the Generolity of many of its ftudious Contemplators, th,at they have communicated their' acquired Rilles; \vhere. by it is now become to many of the Ingenious no more difficult than an Art; and by many late Au~

U 2: thor~


, .

, i __ ----__ _ ____ ' •• 'j' ,I .... ·~s __ ~

....:..--------- - ------"> "II

Mechanicle DyaUirJg~ , ~~--' --------------~--.------------

Defcriptim of Dyal1ing. DYalling originally is a Mathematica!Sci';' ence, attained by the Philofopbical contemplation of the Motion of the Sun, the Motion of the Shadow, the


Exp1anlltion.

T' HE Motion of, th~ Stin is reguIer, it moving in equal Space in equal Time; But the Mo

on Of the Shadow irregular, in all parts of the Earth, unlefs under the two Poles, and that more or lefs according t6 the Conftitution of theSph,r~ andScituation of the Plane. And therefore Scientifick Dyalifts by' the Geometrick Confiderations of Lines, have found Out Rules, to mark out the irregular Motion of the S haJo'JIJ in all Latitudes, and on all PlaneJ, to Comply with the regular Motion of the Sun. And there Rules of adjufting the Motion of the Shadow to the Motiqn of the Sun, may be called Scientifick DyaOing.

But though we may juftly account DJaOing ori. ginallya Science, yet fuch have been the Generolity of many of its ftudious Contemplators, th\at they have communicated their acquired Rules; \vhere. by it is now become to many of the Ingenious no more difficult than an Art; and by many late Au~

U 2 than

, .

, i __ ----__ _ ____ ' •• 'j' ,I .... ·~s __ ~

....:..--------- - ------"> "II

Mechanicle DyaUirJg~ , ~~--' --------------~--.------------

Defcriptim of Dyal1ing. DYalling originally is a Mathematica!Sci';' ence, attained by the Philofopbical contemplation of the Motion of the Sun, the Motion of the Shadow, the


Exp1anlltion.

T' HE Motion of, th~ Stin is reguIer, it moving in equal Space in equal Time; But the Mo

on Of the Shadow irregular, in all parts of the Earth, unlefs under the two Poles, and that more or lefs according t6 the Conftitution of theSph,r~ andScituation of the Plane. And therefore Scientifick Dyalifts by' the Geometrick Confiderations of Lines, have found Out Rules, to mark out the irregular Motion of the S haJo'JIJ in all Latitudes, and on all PlaneJ, to Comply with the regular Motion of the Sun. And there Rules of adjufting the Motion of the Shadow to the Motiqn of the Sun, may be called Scientifick DyaOing.

But though we may juftly account DJaOing ori. ginallya Science, yet fuch have been the Generolity of many of its ftudious Contemplators, th\at they have communicated their acquired Rules; \vhere. by it is now become to many of the Ingenious no more difficult than an Art; and by many late Au~

U 2 than

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