mechanized seeding of forests in xingu, central brazil
TRANSCRIPT
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Eduardo Malta Campos Filho [email protected]
Www.yikatuxingu.org.br
Mechanized seeding of
forests in Xingu,
Central Brazil New Haven - January 2012
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Xingu
watershed
Watershed Area: 51,1
millions of hectares
Xingu
headwaters 17,7 million
hectares
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Water Resources & Biodiversity
Xingu River
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Sociodiversity on the Xingu headwaters
18 indigenous ethnies, different cultures and languages
Migration from other parts of Brasil since the 1980s
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Different cultures Different relations
natural resources with the
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Inadequate & Illegal Deforestation
300,000 hectares of degraded riparian areas
1st Key was to find a regional consensus: the Water
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Save the Good Water of Xingu
Big Land Owners & Small Land Owners & Indigenous People Rural Unions & NGOs & Government
A Campaign of Shared SocioEnvironmental Responsibility
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2nd Key: 3 pillars Forest
Restoration Agroforest Education
Regional articulation
Agroforestry
Culture
Actions on the ground
Sensibilization & Information
Gather NGOs, Communities
& Public Policies
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We offer a “Menu”
Indigenous People Small Land Owners For Big Land Owners
Manual Labor available
Manual Labor unavailable
3rd Key: Participatory planning
Techniques: Seedlings, Direct Seeding, Regrowth, Enrichment Goals: for fruits, for timber, for legality, for beauty, ILPF, Pequi+cattle, Rubber+cassava, Rubber+regrowth...
Agroforestry
Mechanization and Regrowth
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Regrowth (may be not effective in the long run)
+ Enrichment (much better)
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“Agroforesta+on”
Smallholder in Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah)
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Beggining:
Pilot Projects funded by Na+onal & Interna+onal Coopera+on funds for the environment
Now:
→ Farmers' resources: inves&ng on their own
→ Carbon Sink + PES: investment from private ins&tu&ons in marke&ng
Financial Resources
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A) Technical assistance
B) Seeds
C) Fences
D) Big Nurseries
How do we apply the financial resources?
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Forest Restoration in Xingu
4th Key: Direct Seeding
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Seedlings
Direct Seeding
Regrowth
(hectares)
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Campaign Y Ikatu Xingu 6 years' results
Seedlings → 400 hectares
Direct Seeding → 1,000 hectares
Regrowth → 1,000 hectares 2,400 hectares 211 landholders (of all sizes)
23 municipalities
450Km Range
Techniques'
“popularity”
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Iversidade Socioambiental
3rd Key: Valorization of Cultures
Indians' know-‐how: tree direct seeding
Imigrants' know-‐how: Mechanized seeding
=>Mechanized planting of native forests
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Muvuca – Mix of Seeds and Substrate
Mixing seeds with sand
Muvuca ready to plant Loading Muvuca
Breaking dormancy (hot water – cool water)
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Muvuca Seed Composition
30 seeds of native tree species / m2
+
10 crop & green manure seeds / m2
5 fast-‐growing tree species
40 – 55 non-‐pioneer tree species
Seeding Density
Seeding Richness
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Mechanized Seeding
Adaptable to different machines and plan7ng systems:
Tillage Launching machine
Non-‐7llage In-‐line grain-‐sowing machine
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1 month – in-line machine 1 month – launching machine
3 months – in-line machine 3 months– launching machine
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1 year: in-‐line 3.5 years: launched
3.5 years: launched 3.5 years: launched
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Direct seeding Seedling
30,000 trees/ha in the 1st year
High ini+al density → herbivores adjust density as “restora+on gardeners”
1,700 trees/ha in the 1st year
Ini+al density is lower than expected final density → herbivores are “barriers to restora+on”
3-‐5 layers of plants allows diffuse light in the vegeta+on
→ be[er rainfall absorp+on → heterogenous habitat with many niches
1 grass layer shades too homogenously
→ low water absorp+on capacity → one habitat, one niche
flower and fruit produc+on since 3rd month → rich net of biological interac+ons
Only grasses flower and fruit produc+on un+l 3rd year → poor net of biological interac+ons
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Direct seeding Seedling Young tree's roots develop without traumas
–> deeper roots
→ more resistant to droughts
–> be[er soil decompression
Seedlings' roots oaen suffer traumas
→ shallow roots
→ less resistant to droughts
→ slow soil decompression
Homogenous biomass → poor nutrient cycling → slow soil restora+on
Diversified biomass → enhanced nutrient cycling → fast soil restora+on
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5 years monitoring results
5,000 to 20,000 trees / hectare 0.5 to 20 trees / m2
1 – 10% Germination + Survival Rate 30 -‐ 45 species germinate & survive in each project → Need research!
US$ 600 – US$ 1,000 / hectare (isolation costs excluded)
Density
Richness
Costs
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www.sementesdoxingu.org.br
Xingu Seed Network
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www.sementesdoxingu.org.br
Xingu Seed Network evolution Year People Tons of
seeds Number of species
2006 15 2 74
2007 55 3 92
2008 90 5 131
2009 180 9 166
2010 250 14 186
2011 300 20 203
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Xingu Seed Network
15 groups / 25 communities indigenous and land reform settlers
Participatory pricing of seeds during the annual reunion (from U$0.,30 – U$200 / Kg)
53 tons of 203 species native forest seeds
www.sementesdoxingu.org.br
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Xingu Seed Network
Money Distribution US$ 250,000 transferred to indigenous communities
and smallholders
Positive relationship between Indians, smallholders and large-scale
landholders
www.sementesdoxingu.org.br
Remunerating Forest Keepers people who preserve native forests
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www.sementesdoxingu.org.br
Regional meetings
Local workshops
Annual reunions
Connection to other
Networks
Publishing traditional knowledge
Scholar Seed
Festivals Rotating Fund for
the groups
Commercialization
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eá r v ore sá r v ore sa s
A r aguaiaA r aguaiadododoá r v ore sá r v ore sA r aguaia
eeA r aguaia
eA r aguaia
eA r aguaia
eA r aguaia
eX inguá r v ore sá r v ore sá r v ore sá r v ore sa sa sP la n te
A r aguaiaA r aguaiadododoá r v ore sá r v ore sá r v ore sa s
A r aguaiaA r aguaiaA r aguaiae
A r aguaia
A r aguaiae
A r aguaiadododoá r v ore sá r v ore sX inguá r v ore sá r v ore sá r v ore sá r v ore sa sa sP la n te
Manual doplant ador
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Important Network Rules
-‐ Collectors also restore their own land
-‐ Collect maximum half the seeds from each tree
-‐ Take note of number of trees and places collected
-‐ Demand-‐oriented collection of seeds
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Other lessons learned...
1) Work with local communities for seed collection → and seed-technology
2) The land owners plan & plant → the best capacity-building process
3) Include native trees as seeds in local crops → must start from the point where the farmer is
4) Local leaders present the work to the local society
5) Develop value-‐chains for forest products
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Some Supporters
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Socioenvironmental is just one word
SocioEnvironmental balance. Think well before using it.