media and information literacy - senior high school...published by the department of education –...

Media and Information Literacy - Senior High SchoolAlternative Delivery ModeQuarter 1 - Module 1: Introduction to Media and Information LiteracyFirst Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Region X – Northern MindanaoRegional Director: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO V

Printed in the Philippines byDepartment of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM)

Office Address: Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1, Cagayan de Oro City, Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng Misamis OrientalTelefax: ________________________________________________E-mail Address: ________________________________________________

Development team of the module

Author: Marilou L. Lora Editors: Reviewers: Therese Mae C. Maandig Arian M. Edullantes Abihail L. GimenaIllustrator and Layout Artist: Jay Michael A. Calipusan Management Team: Himaya B. Sinatao Joel D. Potane

Development Team of the Module:

Author: Marilou L. LoraReviewers: Therese Mae C. Maandig Arian M. Edullantes Abihail L. GimenaIllustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan

Management Team:

Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III Regional DirectorCo-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V Asst. Regional Director Mala Epra B. Magnaong CES, CLMDMembers: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr. Regional ADM Coordinator Elson C. Jamero EPS-Designate-TLE

Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Regional Office 10 Office Address: Zone 1, Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro City 9000Telefax: (088) 880-7071, (088) 880-7072E-mail Address: [email protected]

Media and Information Literacy - Senior High SchoolAlternative Delivery ModeQuarter 1 - Module 1: Introduction to Media and Information LiteracyFirst Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Region X – Northern MindanaoRegional Director: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO V

Printed in the Philippines byDepartment of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM)

Office Address: Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1, Cagayan de Oro City, Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng Misamis OrientalTelefax: ________________________________________________E-mail Address: ________________________________________________

Development team of the module

Author: Marilou L. Lora Editors: Reviewers: Therese Mae C. Maandig Arian M. Edullantes Abihail L. GimenaIllustrator and Layout Artist: Jay Michael A. Calipusan Management Team: Himaya B. Sinatao Joel D. Potane

Senior High School

Media and InformationLiteracy

Quarter 1 - Module 1:Introduction to Media and and

Information Literacy

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at [email protected].

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Table of Contents

What This Module is About ...................................................................................................I

What I Need to Know............................................................................................................I

How to Learn from this Module............................................................................................II

Icons of this Module.............................................................................................................II

What I Know .......................................................................................................................III

Lesson 1:Introduction to Media and Information Literacy .......................1

What I Need to Know ...................................................................................1

What’s New: Different Kinds of Media ..........................................................2

What Is It ......................................................................................................3

What’s More: Identification of the Use of Media ...........................................3

What Is It: Definition of Terms ......................................................................4

What’s More: Case Analysis .........................................................................5

What’s New: Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences ...............6

What I Have Learned: Synthesizing your Learning ......................................7

What I Can Do: Online Browsing of Satirical Sites .......................................8

Lesson 2:Information Literacy ....................................................................9

What’s In ......................................................................................................9


What’s New: Situational Simulation ............................................................10

What Is It: Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy .................................10

What’s More: Social Media Scenario .........................................................11

What I Have Learned: Information Ethics...................................................12

What I Can Do: Detecting Fake News Online ............................................13

Summary ...........................................................................................................................14

Assessment: (Post-Test)....................................................................................................15

Key to Answers ..................................................................................................................16

References ........................................................................................................................20

Table of Contents

What This Module is About ...................................................................................................I

What I Need to Know............................................................................................................I

How to Learn from this Module............................................................................................II

Icons of this Module.............................................................................................................II

What I Know .......................................................................................................................III

Lesson 1:Introduction to Media and Information Literacy .......................1


What’s New: Different Kinds of Media ..........................................................2

What Is It ......................................................................................................3

What’s More: Identification of the Use of Media ...........................................3

What Is It: Definition of Terms ......................................................................4

What’s More: Case Analysis .........................................................................5

What’s New: Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences ...............6

What I Have Learned: Synthesizing your Learning ......................................7

What I Can Do: Online Browsing of Satirical Sites .......................................8

Lesson 2:Information Literacy ....................................................................9

What’s In ......................................................................................................9


What’s New: Situational Simulation ............................................................10

What Is It: Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy .................................10

What’s More: Social Media Scenario .........................................................11

What I Have Learned: Information Ethics...................................................12

What I Can Do: Detecting Fake News Online ............................................13

Summary ...........................................................................................................................14

Assessment: (Post-Test)....................................................................................................15

Key to Answers ..................................................................................................................16

References ........................................................................................................................20

I

What I Need to Know

What This Module is About Welcome to the 21st Century Society!

We live in a world where the quality of information we receive largely determines our choices and ensuing actions, including our capacity to enjoy fundamental freedoms and the ability for self-determination and development. Driven by technological improvements in telecommunications, there is also a proliferation of media and other information providers through which vast amounts of information and knowledge are accessed and shared by citizens (Karklins, J., UNESCO).

This Module is an introductory part for the subject in Media and Information Literacy, which will pave the way towards more meaningful discussions and interactions. This is aimed in introducing the concept of Media and Information Literacy to Senior High School learners, as solid ground for college readiness. Basic concepts and terminologies will be presented as we go along the module.

Together, let us scan the next few pages of this module in order for us to be fully equipped and to be media and information literate individual. There are several standard symbols (icons) used as you go about in the completion of this module. For instance, a hand cupped with a sprout represents an activity that introduces you to a new lesson or concept. This is reinforced with the magnifying glass icon that discusses the activity as a part of the lesson, enabling you to discover and understand the totality of the lesson. Highlighting each lesson is your application of learning, an activity that shall transfer the skills and knowledge gained into your real life situations, symbolized with a nut and wrench tandem.

This module contains varied activities that can help you as a Senior High School student to not just be an information literate individual, but a creative and critical thinker as well as responsible user and competent producer of media and information.

The following are the lessons contained in this module:

1. Introduction to Media and Information Literacy;

2. Information Literacy.

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Describe how much media and information affect communication (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-1); 2. Identify the similarities and differences of media literacy, information literacy, and

technology literacy (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-2);3. Editorializes the value of being a media and information literate individual. (MIL11/12IMIL-

IIIa-3);4. Identifies characteristics /describes a responsible user and competent producers of

media and information (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-3);5. Share one’s media habits, lifestyles and preferences (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-4);6. Define information needs; can locate, access, assess, organize, and communicate

information (MIL11/12IL-IIIc-8);7. Demonstrate ethical use of information (MIL11/12IL-IIIc-9).

II

What I Need to Know

This part contains learning objectives that are set for you to learn as you go along the module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of knowledge to the subject matter at hand, meant specifically to gauge prior relatedt knowledge

What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through various activities, before it will be presented to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a way to deepen your discovery and under-standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-tended for you to practice further in order to master the competencies.

What I Have Learned

Activities designed to process what you have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-case your skills and knowledge gained, and applied into real-life concerns and situations.

How to Learn from this Module

Icons of this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.

• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

II

What I Need to Know

This part contains learning objectives that are set for you to learn as you go along the module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of knowledge to the subject matter at hand, meant specifically to gauge prior relatedt knowledge

What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through various activities, before it will be presented to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a way to deepen your discovery and under-standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-tended for you to practice further in order to master the competencies.

What I Have Learned

Activities designed to process what you have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-case your skills and knowledge gained, and applied into real-life concerns and situations.

How to Learn from this Module

Icons of this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.

• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

III

What I Know

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. This type of literacy identifies what the information is for, where to find it, and how to evaluate it.

A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy C. Technology Literacy D. All of the Above

2. The medium of communication that requires face to face interaction using one’s voice as the tool to deliver the message.

A. Digital/ Interactive Communication B. Conversation C. Public Speaking D. Digital Art

3. The following are possible sources of information, EXCEPT: A. Newspaper B. Television C. Printer D. Smartphones

4. Which of the following is an example of technology used as a medium of communication? A. Newspaper B. Television C. Laptop computers D. Smartphones

5. An information literate person should first understand the situation or problem to figure out the what specific type of information he or she needed.

A. True B. False C. Maybe D. Neither True or False

6. It is defined as the as the imparting and exchanging of information or news. A. Communication B. Public Speaking C. Media D. Information Sources

7. Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in-package information contained in product packaging are example of what medium of communication?

A. Visual Art B. Physical Medium C. Digital/ Interactive D. Documents/ Letters

8. This refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons and their intended audience.

A. Communication B. Public Speaking C. Media D. Information Sources

9. This is considered the oldest form of Media A. Print B. Visual Art C. Physical Medium D. Digital/ Interactive

10. It is the ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools.


1

Lesson

1 Introduction to Media and Information Literacy What I Need to Know

In this fast-paced, technology-driven time, we are bombarded with various information here and there, in the convenience of a click, right in the comforts of our very own homes. Being Senior High School students, you are expected to be literate, not just in terms of numbers and letters, but to be able to fully grasp up to what extent information may be used and distributed.

But first, we need to take a close look at the ways by which we use, and eventually distribute information. Hence, we will look into communication and its medium. Take a look at the picture below.

The picture above depicts how each individual communicate at different levels, at different forms. Each one of us has a personal concept of communication. Communication is broadly defined as the imparting and exchanging of information or news (Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/communication on October 31, 2018).

Photo Credit: https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/lessons-learnt-effective-communication/

1

Lesson

1 Introduction to Media and Information Literacy What I Need to Know

In this fast-paced, technology-driven time, we are bombarded with various information here and there, in the convenience of a click, right in the comforts of our very own homes. Being Senior High School students, you are expected to be literate, not just in terms of numbers and letters, but to be able to fully grasp up to what extent information may be used and distributed.

But first, we need to take a close look at the ways by which we use, and eventually distribute information. Hence, we will look into communication and its medium. Take a look at the picture below.

The picture above depicts how each individual communicate at different levels, at different forms. Each one of us has a personal concept of communication. Communication is broadly defined as the imparting and exchanging of information or news (Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/communication on October 31, 2018).

Photo Credit: https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/lessons-learnt-effective-communication/

2

Communication Medium How it Works

Conversation Person to person interaction using one’s voice as the tool to deliver the message.

Public Speaking One to many interaction using one’s voice as the tool to deliver the message to a large number of people, at any given time.

Documents/ Letters/ Mails Written messages in whatever form, usually on paper and print.

Visual Art Messages rendered in the form of paintings, drawings, photography, videos, images, and the like, that conveys specific emotion, idea or thought.

Physical Medium Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in-package information contained in product packaging, and the like.

Digital/ Interactive Digital and electronic means to convey messages such as website or computer application, primarily by the use of internet.

In order to communicate, we use different medium of communication to carry out the message we want to convey. There are various outlets that we can use in order to deliver our message. Few of the examples are listed below.

Table 1. Examples of Communication Medium

Table 2. Different Kinds of Media Used Daily

How about you, can you add more to the list?

With the concept of communication defined above, how then can media affect communication? But, before we discuss further on that, we will contextualize media, as it is used in your daily lives and routine as students.

Activity 1: Different kinds of media With communicating, we make use of different channels so as to convey and/or exchange information. Imagine a typical day in your life as a Senior High School Student. Identify and list down ten (10) different kinds of media that you use in order to communicate information. The first one is done for you.

What’s New

Media Used1. Cellular Mobile Phones 2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.

3

As you may have written from the list above, Media is commonly synonymous with technology. So, what is Media anyway?

Media refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons and their intended audience. Television, radio, newspapers and the internet are different types of Media. One of the oldest forms of media is print. Thanks to the ever changing technology, our exposure to media is almost nonstop. Media shapes our perceptions of what is real. It surrounds us in the forms of billboards, signage, and even the clothes you wear. We have radio, television, computers, and smartphones. We have the internet, online video channels, and all sorts of social media. So stop and look around, media is everywhere, and it’s not going away anytime soon. Learn about it, understand it, so that you may be media-smart. (YouTube Channel MediaSmarts retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw)

Simply put, media are the things or gadgets that we use in order to convey the details of the information that we want to impart or communicate to people, and the society in general. Example, if you want to notify your classmate of a meeting organized by a club you joined, how will you go about communicating the information? Will you send text messages through your cellular phone? Or maybe send a private message through social media? Or write it down on a paper, and hang it on visible places around the campus? Whichever way, you must use a medium to communicate the information. Hence, communication and media are directly interrelated, such that media serves as a platform by which one can meaningfully express and communicate oneself.

Furthermore, a specific media (thing/ gadget) can either be a Source of Information, a Medium of Communication, or both. A media is considered a source of information if the use of the media provides knowledge and information about something, while a media used as a channel to convey information is considered a medium of communication. A media can also be simultaneously used both as a source and a medium of information. To give you more of this concept, you may answer the activity below.

Table 3. Identification of Media and its Use

Activity 2: Identification of the Uses of Media From the list that you have identified from Activity 1, identify the use of the specific media listed if it is (A) Source of Information, (B) Medium of Communication, or (C) Both. The first one is done for you.

What Is It

What’s More

Media Used Use of Media 1. Cellular Mobile Phones (B) Medium of Communication2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.

3

As you may have written from the list above, Media is commonly synonymous with technology. So, what is Media anyway?

Media refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons and their intended audience. Television, radio, newspapers and the internet are different types of Media. One of the oldest forms of media is print. Thanks to the ever changing technology, our exposure to media is almost nonstop. Media shapes our perceptions of what is real. It surrounds us in the forms of billboards, signage, and even the clothes you wear. We have radio, television, computers, and smartphones. We have the internet, online video channels, and all sorts of social media. So stop and look around, media is everywhere, and it’s not going away anytime soon. Learn about it, understand it, so that you may be media-smart. (YouTube Channel MediaSmarts retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw)

Simply put, media are the things or gadgets that we use in order to convey the details of the information that we want to impart or communicate to people, and the society in general. Example, if you want to notify your classmate of a meeting organized by a club you joined, how will you go about communicating the information? Will you send text messages through your cellular phone? Or maybe send a private message through social media? Or write it down on a paper, and hang it on visible places around the campus? Whichever way, you must use a medium to communicate the information. Hence, communication and media are directly interrelated, such that media serves as a platform by which one can meaningfully express and communicate oneself.

Furthermore, a specific media (thing/ gadget) can either be a Source of Information, a Medium of Communication, or both. A media is considered a source of information if the use of the media provides knowledge and information about something, while a media used as a channel to convey information is considered a medium of communication. A media can also be simultaneously used both as a source and a medium of information. To give you more of this concept, you may answer the activity below.

Table 3. Identification of Media and its Use

Activity 2: Identification of the Uses of Media From the list that you have identified from Activity 1, identify the use of the specific media listed if it is (A) Source of Information, (B) Medium of Communication, or (C) Both. The first one is done for you.

What Is It

What’s More

Media Used Use of Media 1. Cellular Mobile Phones (B) Medium of Communication2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.

4

What Is It

From the example done for you, a Cellular Mobile Phone with simple call and text features is an example of a medium of communication, because it allows you to communicate and reach out to others. However, Smart Phones which are types of mobile phones having the multi-purpose features of communication, multimedia functionality, wireless communication like Bluetooth and wi-fi, is an example of both a source of information and a medium of communication. Needless to say, a smart phone can be used as a medium to communicate to other people from across the globe, and if loaded with cellular data, can surf the internet hence, a potential source of information.

Now that we have discussed the interrelationship of media and communication, we will examine the different concepts that will be used in this subject. We will build your definition on the following key concepts, as referenced from the Teaching Guide of Media and Information Literacy formulated by the CHED in collaboration with the Philippine Normal University:

A. Literacy- The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning, wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals, develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their community and wider society.

B. Media- The physical objects used to communicate with or the mass communication through physical objects such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to any physical object used to communicate messages.

C. Media Literacy- The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies.

D. Information- A broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals or symbols.

E. Information Literacy- The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats.

F. Technology (Digital) Literacy- The ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools. Using these tools an individual can access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information.

G. Media and Information Literacy- The essential skills and competencies that allow individuals to engage with media and other information providers effectively, as well as develop critical thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens.

Figure 1. The interrelationship of the different concepts of Media and Information Literacy

5

What’s More

Activity 3: Case Analysis With the concept given above, let us now test your comprehension. Answer the activity that follows.

Given below are situations that depict a specific literacy that an individual exhibits. Identify if it is Media Literacy, Information Literacy, Technology (Digital) Literacy, or Media and Information Literacy. The first one is done for you.

Situation LiteracyAshley, a Grade 11 student of Gintong Tubig Senior High School is proficient in using her i7 processor laptop with so much ease and comfort. In fact, she is accustomed to use it to create powerful PowerPoint presentations during graded class reporting.

Technology (Digital) Literacy

In order to add related literature to his Practical Research project, Donnie accesses Google Scholar, and reads through various journals and studies that may help him in his research. One of the Performance Task for the Midterms of the Grade 11 Jenner class of Mabuhay Senior High School is to create a short film highlighting their advocacy on Human Trafficking. The class used the Quik ™ app to edit their video. The Grade 12- Patience class of Ms. Apolonio have registered themselves to an online portal called Edmodo, in order to connect themselves periodically, share assignments, and even collaboratively work on a project, without meeting face to face. Sybil constantly purchases load credits for her mobile phone in order to send emails and messages to her teacher in Media and Information Literacy.As part of the various social media activities of David, a Grade 12 HUMSS student, he periodically shares news bits from credible online sources, then tag his friends who may be interested with the information. Mr. Dingal requires his Grade 11 students to prepare PowerPoint Presentation or other presentation tools when doing graded class reporting. In order to convey his stand on various social issues involving his peers, Marla uses her Twitter and Facebook accounts to air her sentiments and opinions.

Table 4. Case Analysis on different literacies

5

What’s More

Activity 3: Case Analysis With the concept given above, let us now test your comprehension. Answer the activity that follows.

Given below are situations that depict a specific literacy that an individual exhibits. Identify if it is Media Literacy, Information Literacy, Technology (Digital) Literacy, or Media and Information Literacy. The first one is done for you.

Situation LiteracyAshley, a Grade 11 student of Gintong Tubig Senior High School is proficient in using her i7 processor laptop with so much ease and comfort. In fact, she is accustomed to use it to create powerful PowerPoint presentations during graded class reporting.


In order to add related literature to his Practical Research project, Donnie accesses Google Scholar, and reads through various journals and studies that may help him in his research. One of the Performance Task for the Midterms of the Grade 11 Jenner class of Mabuhay Senior High School is to create a short film highlighting their advocacy on Human Trafficking. The class used the Quik ™ app to edit their video. The Grade 12- Patience class of Ms. Apolonio have registered themselves to an online portal called Edmodo, in order to connect themselves periodically, share assignments, and even collaboratively work on a project, without meeting face to face. Sybil constantly purchases load credits for her mobile phone in order to send emails and messages to her teacher in Media and Information Literacy.As part of the various social media activities of David, a Grade 12 HUMSS student, he periodically shares news bits from credible online sources, then tag his friends who may be interested with the information. Mr. Dingal requires his Grade 11 students to prepare PowerPoint Presentation or other presentation tools when doing graded class reporting. In order to convey his stand on various social issues involving his peers, Marla uses her Twitter and Facebook accounts to air her sentiments and opinions.

Table 4. Case Analysis on different literacies

6

From the example given above, Ashley exemplified literacy in the use of technology, specifically the use of her i7 processor laptop. The i7 processor laptop is a form of technology, so the answer is Technology (Digital) Technology.

Now that you have concretely conceptualized the similarities and differences of the literacies enumerated above, we will now integrate the value of being literate in media and information to your life as a Senior High School student.

Part of integrating values to your learning towards becoming a literate in media and information is an inventory of your media habit, lifestyle and preferences. This means that you will assess your personal schedule and list down your common online activities and quantify it as to the number of hours you have spent engaged for the specific activity. The table below shows an example of a common response.

Activity 4: Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences Now, do your own personal inventory. Write it down in the table below, with reference to the example from the table given above

Media or Information ProviderNumber of hours in a week

(168 hours/ week)Youtube 3 hours

Facebook 12 hoursTelevision, Radio 20 hours

Books 10 hoursOthers: pep.ph, google.com 10 hours

TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS/ WEEK 55 hours

Table 5. Example of a Weekly Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences

Table 6. Weekly Online Activities Log

What’s New

Weekly Online Activities Log

Media or Information ProviderNumber of hours in a week

(168 hours/ week)

TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS/ WEEK

7

Activity 5: Synthesizing Your Learning Answer the following questions based on your learning. Be brief and concise.

1. From your own point of view, make a list that describes a person who is literate in media and information. Write down at least five (5) characteristics.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

2. Of the list that you have enumerated in your Weekly Online Activities Log, which media provider did you spend the most time? And what role does this media provider play in your life as a SHS student?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

3. Looking at the total number of hours you have spent on online activities per week, do you think the figure is essential for your to be able to be media and information literate individual?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

7

Activity 5: Synthesizing Your Learning Answer the following questions based on your learning. Be brief and concise.

1. From your own point of view, make a list that describes a person who is literate in media and information. Write down at least five (5) characteristics.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

2. Of the list that you have enumerated in your Weekly Online Activities Log, which media provider did you spend the most time? And what role does this media provider play in your life as a SHS student?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

3. Looking at the total number of hours you have spent on online activities per week, do you think the figure is essential for your to be able to be media and information literate individual?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

8

What I Can Do

Activity 6: Online Browsing of Satirical Sites

The picture above shows a sample of fake news headlines lifted from https://adobochronicles.com/2015/06/08/china-lays-claim-over-manilas-chinatown/, one of the satirical websites circulating online. As a media and information literate individual, how will you respond to this kind of information? Formulate the actions you will take by outlining it on the table below.

Photo Credits: Screenshot from https://adobochronicles.com/2015/06/08/china-lays-claim-over-manilas-chinatown/

Steps I will take How I will go about the steps

9

Lesson

2 Information Literacy

What’s In

In lesson 1, we have learned the mechanics of communication, in order to effectively deliver messages to other people, using different communication mediums or media. There are a number of media uses, each can either be a source of information, or the communication medium itself. We have also defined several literacy terms, one of which is Informagtion Literacy, which will be discussed in-depth in this lesson.

• Why do we need information?

• Where do we search for information?

• How do we acquire and store information?

• How do we use the information that we have?

• How will we communicate the information that we have acquired?

The questions outlined above are some of the few questions that comes into mind when we talk about Information Literacy, which was introduced in the earlier part of this module. Before we go further, answer the first activity of the lesson.

What I Need to Know

Generated by Marilou L. Lora from https://bigcrunch.io/v/nAEdNnc7nssE4Xi77EhSJg

9

Lesson

2 Information Literacy

What’s In

In lesson 1, we have learned the mechanics of communication, in order to effectively deliver messages to other people, using different communication mediums or media. There are a number of media uses, each can either be a source of information, or the communication medium itself. We have also defined several literacy terms, one of which is Informagtion Literacy, which will be discussed in-depth in this lesson.

• Why do we need information?

• Where do we search for information?

• How do we acquire and store information?

• How do we use the information that we have?

• How will we communicate the information that we have acquired?

The questions outlined above are some of the few questions that comes into mind when we talk about Information Literacy, which was introduced in the earlier part of this module. Before we go further, answer the first activity of the lesson.

What I Need to Know

Generated by Marilou L. Lora from https://bigcrunch.io/v/nAEdNnc7nssE4Xi77EhSJg

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What’s New

Activity 1: Situational Simulation You are given an opportunity to interview personally the mayor of the city where you live in. In this case, write down at least five (5) questions that you would want to ask the mayor.

What Is It

Now, given the above questions which you have personally chosen, it is important to understand the need to acquire this information that you have asked from the mayor of the city. These questions are actually a result of you trying to go through the process towards becoming an information literate individual.

As a review, we already discussed what Information Literacy is. It is defined as the ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats. Therefore, it is a set of individual competencies needed to identify, evaluate and use information in the most ethical, efficient and effective way across all domains, occupations and professions.

Table 7. Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy Stage What this stage is about?

1Identifying/ recognizing information needs The realization that there arise a need or a problem exists that requires information, for its satisfactory resolution.

2Determining sources of information Know how to determine if the needed information exists, and to source out from varied avenues.

3 Citing or searching for information Know how to find needed information, to give credits to the source of the information.

4

Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information Know how to fully understand found information, or know where to go for help if needed to understand, and to assess the accuracy and reliability of the information acquired.

5

Organizing, storing or archiving information Know how to preserve, store, reuse, record and archive information for future use, or to dispose of information no longer needed, and safeguard information that should be protected.

6 Using information in an ethical, efficient and effective way Know how to utilize information to solve problem, make decision, or meet need.

7Creating and communicating new knowledge Know how to communicate and present information to others in appropriate, usable formats/ mediums.

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Take note that the concept is appropriately divided into stages as to one cannot proceed with the next step, unless the initial step is not satisfied. It can be considered as elements, since each one must be exhibited in an individual if we consider an one as information literate.

In the table from the previous page, let us just consider a situation relevant to your experience as SHS student, particularly your task on your subject in Practical Research. First thing that you need to do is to look for a specific need, a problem that needs resolution (Stage 1) which will serve as the moving reason for your research. Let’s just say you want to look into students’ reading comprehension. Stage 2 requires that you must determine if there are available materials for your references, whether they be in hard or soft copies, digital or otherwise. Definitely, once you have determined your information sources, like the internet, books, journals, and the like, you must cite these sources appropriately in order to not be charged with plagiarism. Stage 4 is all about analyzing and evaluating which from the varied information available are relevant to your research topic, and which are not valuable enough for use. This stage requires a full understanding of the topic or need that you need to resolve. Stage 5 requires knowledge as to the preservation and storage of the information that you have acquired. You may store these on a flash drive, or maybe print or photocopy the information for your reference. Stage 6 is all about the proper way of using the information that you have acquired that will be beneficial to a large number of people. The ethical and legal side of using referenced materials then comes into question. Finally, you will have to decide then as to the manner of communicating the information to the vast majority of the people. Definitely as an output of your Practical Research, you need to have this printed and bounded before submitting to your teacher.

Let us now test your understanding by doing the activity below.

What’s More

Activity 2: Social Media Scenario You have seen the viral video in social media about a senior high school student bullying another student within the school premises. There had been so much concerns circulating in the online world about the identity of the parties involved, one of which claims that the school is playing favorites between the parties, and favoring the bully in the video. As an active social media user, you want to exhibit your being a media and information literate individual, the following table below outlines the task that you will have to take in order to come up with an informative post relative to the viral issue at hand.

Let us move on further as you answer the following activity to enhance your capacities in passing

Information needs

(What information do you need?)Sources of information

(Where will you get them?)Access to the information

(How will you access them?)Evaluate information

(How will you check the quality of information?)Organize information

(How will you organize and store them?)Communicate information

How will you create and communicate them?)

opinion as to the daily life situations you are facing involving information literacy as a Senior High student.

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Take note that the concept is appropriately divided into stages as to one cannot proceed with the next step, unless the initial step is not satisfied. It can be considered as elements, since each one must be exhibited in an individual if we consider an one as information literate.

In the table from the previous page, let us just consider a situation relevant to your experience as SHS student, particularly your task on your subject in Practical Research. First thing that you need to do is to look for a specific need, a problem that needs resolution (Stage 1) which will serve as the moving reason for your research. Let’s just say you want to look into students’ reading comprehension. Stage 2 requires that you must determine if there are available materials for your references, whether they be in hard or soft copies, digital or otherwise. Definitely, once you have determined your information sources, like the internet, books, journals, and the like, you must cite these sources appropriately in order to not be charged with plagiarism. Stage 4 is all about analyzing and evaluating which from the varied information available are relevant to your research topic, and which are not valuable enough for use. This stage requires a full understanding of the topic or need that you need to resolve. Stage 5 requires knowledge as to the preservation and storage of the information that you have acquired. You may store these on a flash drive, or maybe print or photocopy the information for your reference. Stage 6 is all about the proper way of using the information that you have acquired that will be beneficial to a large number of people. The ethical and legal side of using referenced materials then comes into question. Finally, you will have to decide then as to the manner of communicating the information to the vast majority of the people. Definitely as an output of your Practical Research, you need to have this printed and bounded before submitting to your teacher.

Let us now test your understanding by doing the activity below.

What’s More

Activity 2: Social Media Scenario You have seen the viral video in social media about a senior high school student bullying another student within the school premises. There had been so much concerns circulating in the online world about the identity of the parties involved, one of which claims that the school is playing favorites between the parties, and favoring the bully in the video. As an active social media user, you want to exhibit your being a media and information literate individual, the following table below outlines the task that you will have to take in order to come up with an informative post relative to the viral issue at hand.

Let us move on further as you answer the following activity to enhance your capacities in passing

Information needs

(What information do you need?)Sources of information

(Where will you get them?)Access to the information

(How will you access them?)Evaluate information

(How will you check the quality of information?)Organize information

(How will you organize and store them?)Communicate information

How will you create and communicate them?)

opinion as to the daily life situations you are facing involving information literacy as a Senior High student.

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What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Information Ethics Given below are hypothetical situations that require your unbiased opinion and educated judgment. Write your point of view as to each situation, taking into consideration the following mechanics in grading this activity:

1. You are researching on an assignment in your subject in Media and Information Literacy. You came along an article online that amazingly can answer the research assignment perfectly well. You copy and pasted it into one great essay, complete with pictures and other visuals. You did not cite your references in order to impress your perfectionist and strict teacher.

2. A family friend, who also happens to be your classmate in one of your classes was diagnosed with an incurable illness. Your close family ties enabled you to know the status of her health, including its severity, and asked you to refrain from spilling out the information outside of your family circle. In order to help her with her absences and academic standing, you told your class adviser about her health status.

3. You are living in a peaceful community within your barangay where everyone practically knows everyone. Lately, there have been rumors circulating around the neighborhood that one of your friends is into illegal drugs. Upon investigation and personal interview, you found out that he is actually using marijuana because of an emotional problem within his family. You decided to help him by enlisting the help of psychologists and authorities in order to help him rehabilitate and cope with the problem. True enough, he was sent to a rehabilitation center in order to undergo debriefing. The news spread like wildfire within the neighborhood and soon, his family’s problems was then discussed out in the open. Your friend’s family have branded you a traitor for helping the “arrest” of your friend and ultimately revealing their problems to the entire neighborhood.

Criteria 3 2 1

Treatment of Information

The author was able to clearly ascertain specific information needs, including the details needed for sound judgment, considering the elements/ stages of Information Literacy

The author was able to partially ascertain specific information needs, including the details needed for sound judgment, considering the elements/ stages of Information Literacy

The author was not able to ascertain specific information needs, including the details needed for sound judgment, considering the elements/ stages of Information Literacy

Sentence Structure, Grammar,

Mechanics, and Spelling

The author exhibited excellent command of the language, its general usage, mechanics and spelling

The author exhibited fair command of the language, its general usage, mechanics and spelling

The author exhibited poor command of the language, its general usage, mechanics and spelling

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Activity 4: Detecting Fake News Online This activity will focus mainly on web browsing, so you must have a stable internet connection. Below is a table, wherein you will be listing down specific websites that are known to publish fake or satirical news. The first one is done for you.

Tip: Look for the About Us page of the website in order to know what it does

What I Can Do

Website Address/ Name What it doeshttps://adobochronicles.com/ THE ADOBO CHRONICLES is your source of up-

to-date, unbelievable news. Everything you read on this site is based on fact, except for the lies. (lifted from https://adobochronicles.com/about/)

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Activity 4: Detecting Fake News Online This activity will focus mainly on web browsing, so you must have a stable internet connection. Below is a table, wherein you will be listing down specific websites that are known to publish fake or satirical news. The first one is done for you.

Tip: Look for the About Us page of the website in order to know what it does

What I Can Do

Website Address/ Name What it doeshttps://adobochronicles.com/ THE ADOBO CHRONICLES is your source of up-

to-date, unbelievable news. Everything you read on this site is based on fact, except for the lies. (lifted from https://adobochronicles.com/about/)

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Summary1. Communication is broadly defined as the imparting and exchanging of information. 2. There are different communication mediums, common examples are Conversation,

Public Speaking, Documents/ Letters/ Mails, Visual Art, Physical Medium, Digital/ Interactive. Each one of these mediums works differently in conveying messages and information, but with the main purpose of communicating information to others.

3. Literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning, wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals, develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their community and wider society.

4. Media are the physical objects used to communicate with or the mass communication through physical objects such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to any physical object used to communicate messages.

5. Media Literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies.

6. Information- A broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals or symbols.

7. Information Literacy- The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats.

8. Technology (Digital) Literacy- The ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools. Using these tools an individual can access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information.

9. Media and Information Literacy- The skills and competencies that allow individuals to engage with media and other information providers effectively, as well as develop critical thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens.

10. The Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy are: Stage 1- Identifying/ recognizing information needs Stage 2- Determining sources of information Stage 3- Citing or searching for information Stage 4- Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information Stage 5- Organizing, storing or archiving information Stage 6- Using information in an ethical, efficient and effective way Stage 7- Creating and communicating new knowledge

11. The Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy are divided into stages as to one cannot proceed with the next step, unless the initial step is not satisfied. It can also be considered elements, because each one must be exhibited in an individual if we are to consider one an information literate.

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Assessment: (Post-Test)

Multiple Choice. Answer the question that follows. Choose the best answer from among the given choices.





3. The following are possible sources of information, EXCEPT:

A. Newspaper B. Television C. Printer D. Smartphones

4. Which of the following is an example of technology used as a medium of communication?

A. Newspaper B. Television C. Laptop computers D. Smartphones



6. It is defined as the as the imparting and exchanging of information or news.






9. This is considered the oldest form of Media

A. Print B. Visual Art C. Physical Medium D. Digital/ Interactive



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Assessment: (Post-Test)

Multiple Choice. Answer the question that follows. Choose the best answer from among the given choices.





3. The following are possible sources of information, EXCEPT:

A. Newspaper B. Television C. Printer D. Smartphones

4. Which of the following is an example of technology used as a medium of communication?

A. Newspaper B. Television C. Laptop computers D. Smartphones



6. It is defined as the as the imparting and exchanging of information or news.






9. This is considered the oldest form of Media

A. Print B. Visual Art C. Physical Medium D. Digital/ Interactive



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Pre-Test / Post- Test 1. B2. B3. C4. D5. A6. A7. B8. C9. A10. C

Lesson 1Activity 1: Different Kinds of MediaMedia Used1. Cellular Mobile Phones 2. Laptop/ Desktop Computers 3. Radio4. Billboard ads/ announcements/ tarpaulin signages5. Movies6. Newspaper7.Television 8. Digital Cameras9. Digital Light Processing Projector/ Overhead Projector 10. Letters

Lesson 1Activity 2: Identification of the Uses of Media Media Used Use of Media 1. Cellular Mobile Phones (B) Medium of Communication2. Laptop/ Desktop Computers (C) Both3. Radio (A) Source of Information4. Billboard ads/ announcements/tarpaulin signages (A) Source of Information5. Movies (B) Medium of Communication6. Newspaper (A) Source of Information7.Television (C) Both8. Digital Cameras (B) Medium of Communication9. Digital Light Processing Projector/Overhead Projector (B) Medium of Communication10. Letters (C) Both

Key to Answers

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Lesson 1Activity 3: Case Analysis

SituationLiteracyAshley, a Grade 11 student of Gintong Tubig Senior High School is proficient in using her i7 processor laptop with so much ease and comfort. In fact, she is accus-tomed to use it to create powerful PowerPoint presenta-tions during graded class reporting.


In order to add related literature to his Practical Re-search project, Donnie accesses Google Scholar, and reads through various journals and studies that may help him in his research.


One of the Performance Task for the Midterms of the Grade 11 Jenner class of Mabuhay Senior High School is to create a short film highlighting their advocacy on Human Trafficking. The class used the Quik ™ app to edit their video.

Media Literacy

The Grade 12- Patience class of Ms. Apolonio have registered themselves to an online portal called Edmo-do, in order to connect themselves periodically, share assignments, and even collaboratively work on a proj-ect, without meeting face to face.

Media Literacy

Sybil constantly purchases load credits for her mobile phone in order to send emails and messages to her teacher in Media and Information Literacy.


As part of the various social media activities of David, a Grade 12 HUMSS student, he periodically shares news bits from credible online sources, then tag his friends who may be interested with the information.

Media and Information Literacy

Mr. Dingal requires his Grade 11 students to prepare PowerPoint Presentation or other presentation tools when doing graded class reporting.


In order to convey his stand on various social issues in-volving his peers, Marla uses her Twitter and Facebook accounts to air her sentiments and opinions.


Lesson 1Activity 4: Inventory of Media Habits, Lifestyle and Preferences Media Used(Answers may vary, as this is a personal inventory. However, the learner must be able to give the total number of hours per week expended for online activities.)

Key to Answers

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Lesson 1Activity 3: Case Analysis

SituationLiteracyAshley, a Grade 11 student of Gintong Tubig Senior High School is proficient in using her i7 processor laptop with so much ease and comfort. In fact, she is accus-tomed to use it to create powerful PowerPoint presenta-tions during graded class reporting.


In order to add related literature to his Practical Re-search project, Donnie accesses Google Scholar, and reads through various journals and studies that may help him in his research.


One of the Performance Task for the Midterms of the Grade 11 Jenner class of Mabuhay Senior High School is to create a short film highlighting their advocacy on Human Trafficking. The class used the Quik ™ app to edit their video.

Media Literacy

The Grade 12- Patience class of Ms. Apolonio have registered themselves to an online portal called Edmo-do, in order to connect themselves periodically, share assignments, and even collaboratively work on a proj-ect, without meeting face to face.

Media Literacy

Sybil constantly purchases load credits for her mobile phone in order to send emails and messages to her teacher in Media and Information Literacy.


As part of the various social media activities of David, a Grade 12 HUMSS student, he periodically shares news bits from credible online sources, then tag his friends who may be interested with the information.


Mr. Dingal requires his Grade 11 students to prepare PowerPoint Presentation or other presentation tools when doing graded class reporting.


In order to convey his stand on various social issues in-volving his peers, Marla uses her Twitter and Facebook accounts to air her sentiments and opinions.


Lesson 1Activity 4: Inventory of Media Habits, Lifestyle and Preferences Media Used(Answers may vary, as this is a personal inventory. However, the learner must be able to give the total number of hours per week expended for online activities.)

Key to Answers

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Lesson 1Activity 5: Synthesizing your Learning(Answers may vary, as this is a personal inventory.)

Lesson 2Activity 1: Situational Simulation(Possible answers only. Response may vary.)1. What is your stand on the Reproductive Health Bill?2. How do you address the need for more information advocacy on the Ecological Solid Waste Management?3. Where will this city be 4 years from now?4. What is your leadership doing on the need for housing relocation of our urban illegal settlers?5. How do you alleviate traffic congestion in the city?

Lesson 2Activity 2: Social Media Scenario(Possible answers)

Information needs (What information do you need?)

The situation of the parties involved in the video, including but not limited to the bully, the victim, the school administrators, the classmates, the parents, and the first-hand witnesses

Sources of information (Where will you get them?)News sites, First-hand Sources of Information

Access to the information (How will you access them?)

Web Browsing, interview and or communicate intent to the parties directly involved

Evaluate information (How will you check the quality of information?)

Check credibility of websites, do background check of the sources of information

Organize information (How will you organize and store them?)

Recordings of interviews and other means of correspondence

Communicate information (How will you create and communicate them?)

Post on social media account, narratives, etc.

Key to Answers

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Lesson 2Activity 3: Information Ethics(Answers may vary based on personal inclination. Ratings will be absed on the Rubrics provided.)

Lesson 2Activity 4: Detecting Fake News Online(Students can search a host of other possible answers online. The answers below are just some of the websites.)

Website Address/ NameWhat it doeshttps://adobochronicles.com/

THE ADOBO CHRONICLES is your source of up-to-date, unbelievable news. Everything you read on this site is based on fact, except for the lies. (lifted from https://adobochronicles.com/about/)

pinoypolitics.altervista.orgThis account has been suspended as it is not compliant with the community regulation.

(lifted from http://pinoypolitics.altervista.org/)

thephilippinechronicle.comThe Philippine Chronicle is one of the many satirical websites, Launched just last July 2014. (lifted from https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/hashtag/content/382094/think-before-you-click-list-of-pinoy-fake-news-sites/story/).

sowhatsnews.wordpress.com

This website, which started out in 2011 as a “re-sult of boredom in the office,” has always created commotion among Filipino netizens and politi-cians (lifted from https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/hashtag/content/382094/think-before-you-click-list-of-pinoy-fake-news-sites/story/).

eritastimes.comAn apparent pun of the Latin word “Veritas” meaning truth and “irita” or annoy in Tagalog, The Eritas Times needs more careful eyes to see through its “authority and credibility.” Its layout looks like that of a legitimate newspaper, so you wouldn’t immediately realize it’s a fake news site unless you see its copyright period way down be-low: 2014-2070 (lifted from https://www.gmanet-work.com/news/hashtag/content/382094/think-be-fore-you-click-list-of-pinoy-fake-news-sites/story/).

Key to Answers

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Lesson 2Activity 3: Information Ethics(Answers may vary based on personal inclination. Ratings will be absed on the Rubrics provided.)

Lesson 2Activity 4: Detecting Fake News Online(Students can search a host of other possible answers online. The answers below are just some of the websites.)

Website Address/ NameWhat it doeshttps://adobochronicles.com/

THE ADOBO CHRONICLES is your source of up-to-date, unbelievable news. Everything you read on this site is based on fact, except for the lies. (lifted from https://adobochronicles.com/about/)

pinoypolitics.altervista.orgThis account has been suspended as it is not compliant with the community regulation.

(lifted from http://pinoypolitics.altervista.org/)

thephilippinechronicle.comThe Philippine Chronicle is one of the many satirical websites, Launched just last July 2014. (lifted from https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/hashtag/content/382094/think-before-you-click-list-of-pinoy-fake-news-sites/story/).

sowhatsnews.wordpress.com

This website, which started out in 2011 as a “re-sult of boredom in the office,” has always created commotion among Filipino netizens and politi-cians (lifted from https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/hashtag/content/382094/think-before-you-click-list-of-pinoy-fake-news-sites/story/).

eritastimes.comAn apparent pun of the Latin word “Veritas” meaning truth and “irita” or annoy in Tagalog, The Eritas Times needs more careful eyes to see through its “authority and credibility.” Its layout looks like that of a legitimate newspaper, so you wouldn’t immediately realize it’s a fake news site unless you see its copyright period way down be-low: 2014-2070 (lifted from https://www.gmanet-work.com/news/hashtag/content/382094/think-be-fore-you-click-list-of-pinoy-fake-news-sites/story/).

Key to Answers

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References

Janis Karklins, foreword to Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers Paris: UNESCO, 2011, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000192971

“Effective Communication”, accessed last January 2, 2019, https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/lessons-learnt-effective-communication/

“What is Media Anyway?” YouTube Channel MediaSmarts, accessed last January 3, 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw

“Word Cloud Generator”, accessed January 14, 2020, https://bigcrunch.io/v/nAEdNnc7nssE4Xi77EhSJg

Wilson, C. et.al., “UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers”, ISBN 978-92-3-104198-3, 2011

Teaching Guide for SHS: Media and Information Literacy, CHED in collaboration with the PNU Quezon City: 2016, electronic version. https://www.academia.edu/39154647/Teaching_Guide_for_Senior_High_School_MEDIA_AND_INFORMATION_LITERACY_CORE_SUBJECT

“About Us”, accessed last August 9, 2019, https://adobochronicles.com/about/

“Think Before You Click: List of Pinoy fake news sites”, accessed last July 12, 2019, https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/hashtag/content/382094/think-before-you-click-list-of-pinoy-fake-news-sites/story/