media bias powerpoint

Denotative Language:Denotative Language: The The denotation of a word is its explicit denotation of a word is its explicit

definition as listed in a dictionary.definition as listed in a dictionary.

Connotative Language:Connotative Language: The The association or set of associations association or set of associations that a word usually brings to that a word usually brings to mind. mind.

Cars of the 1960’sThunderbird, Falcon, Charger, Comet,

Mustang, Barracuda.

Cars of the 1970’sRabbit, Pinto, Colt, Civic, Starlet,

Gremlin.

Positive Connotation: Sally was an Positive Connotation: Sally was an enthusiastic member of her sorority. enthusiastic member of her sorority.

Neutral: Sally was an active member of Neutral: Sally was an active member of her sorority.her sorority.

Negative Connotation: Sally was a Negative Connotation: Sally was a fanatical member of her sorority.fanatical member of her sorority.

Disabled vs. handicapped vs. differently-abled.Disabled vs. handicapped vs. differently-abled.

Thin vs. slender vs. slimThin vs. slender vs. slim

Fat vs. obese vs. heavyFat vs. obese vs. heavy

Republican vs. conservative vs. right wingRepublican vs. conservative vs. right wing

Democrat vs. liberal vs. progressive vs. left wingDemocrat vs. liberal vs. progressive vs. left wing

Gay vs. gayGay vs. gay

Media Literacy & Media Literacy & JournalismJournalism

Agenda SettingAgenda Setting

Agenda setting refers to the theory Agenda setting refers to the theory that the news media have a large that the news media have a large influence on audiences by their influence on audiences by their choice of what stories to consider choice of what stories to consider newsworthy and how much newsworthy and how much prominence and space to give them.prominence and space to give them.


Agenda Setting Example 1Agenda Setting Example 1

The Iraq War:The Iraq War: The amount of news coverage The amount of news coverage on the war made it the prominent topic for on the war made it the prominent topic for discussion in the American political arena. discussion in the American political arena. However, as the war progressed, there was less However, as the war progressed, there was less and less news coverage about the war – making and less news coverage about the war – making it less important in the political agenda of the it less important in the political agenda of the American public.American public.


Agenda Setting Example 2Agenda Setting Example 2

The Penn State Child Abuse Scandal:The Penn State Child Abuse Scandal: In the In the midst of the Republican presidential campaign, midst of the Republican presidential campaign, the child abuse scandal at Penn State was the child abuse scandal at Penn State was exposed. Suddenly, news about the Republican exposed. Suddenly, news about the Republican presidential race was always secondary to the presidential race was always secondary to the unfolding Penn State story. Now, that story has unfolding Penn State story. Now, that story has disappeared from the news even though the disappeared from the news even though the story isn’t finished.story isn’t finished.


PrimingPriming

““Priming occurs when news content Priming occurs when news content suggests to news audiences that they suggests to news audiences that they ought to use specific issues as ought to use specific issues as benchmarks for evaluating the benchmarks for evaluating the performance of leaders and government.”performance of leaders and government.”

Scheufele & Scheufele & TewksburyTewksbury


Priming ExamplePriming Example

The Iraq War:The Iraq War: The decision to invade Iraq was a The decision to invade Iraq was a direct response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. direct response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Most news stories treated the invasion as a Most news stories treated the invasion as a needed, necessary response by America to show needed, necessary response by America to show that it won’t stand down in the face of terror. that it won’t stand down in the face of terror. Subsequently, the media suggested that we Subsequently, the media suggested that we judge the effectiveness of President Bush as a judge the effectiveness of President Bush as a leader based on his decisive, swift response.leader based on his decisive, swift response.


FramingFraming

““Media framing is the process by which Media framing is the process by which an issue is portrayed in the news media. an issue is portrayed in the news media. Media frames provide boundaries around Media frames provide boundaries around a news story and determine what is and a news story and determine what is and is not newsworthy or notable. Journalists is not newsworthy or notable. Journalists rely on media frames to decide what to rely on media frames to decide what to include in a story and what to leave out, include in a story and what to leave out, a process that may be conscious, a process that may be conscious, instinctive, or culture-bound.”instinctive, or culture-bound.”

-UCLA Center for Communications & Community-UCLA Center for Communications & Community


Framing ExamplesFraming Examples

Let’s say the Ku Klux Klan is planning on holding Let’s say the Ku Klux Klan is planning on holding a rally on the grounds of the state capitol.a rally on the grounds of the state capitol.

Story 1:Story 1: One local nightly news broadcast One local nightly news broadcast does a story on the rally, suggesting that the does a story on the rally, suggesting that the Klan rally might attract protestors, which might Klan rally might attract protestors, which might result in violence. A police sergeant is result in violence. A police sergeant is interviewed about how extra security is going to interviewed about how extra security is going to be needed to prevent injuries. The news be needed to prevent injuries. The news reporter has framed this story as a reporter has framed this story as a public safety public safety issue.issue.


Story 2:Story 2: On the same night, another On the same night, another local news broadcast does a story on the local news broadcast does a story on the rally, focusing on the Klan’s right to rally, focusing on the Klan’s right to assemble in public and voice their assemble in public and voice their opinions. A university law professor is opinions. A university law professor is interviewed about the Klan’s right to interviewed about the Klan’s right to assemble under the protection of the Bill assemble under the protection of the Bill of Rights. The news reporter has framed of Rights. The news reporter has framed the same story as a the same story as a freedom of speech freedom of speech issueissue..

The Trayvon Martin Media The Trayvon Martin Media BiasBias

media bias powerpoint

Documents

media literacy journalismstory

theory thatthe news

news coverageabout

news reporter

trayvon martin media

unfolding penn state

local nightly news broadcast

state capitol