media production city alli abiodun ismail
TRANSCRIPT
1
University Of Garden City
Faculty of Architecture, Urban Planning and Design
Fifth Year 2015-2016
Sudan Media Production City (SMPC)
A Design project Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Architecture, Urban
Design and planning as a partial fulfilment for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Submitted by:
ALLI ABIODUN ISMAIL
Supervised by:
DR.ENG AHMED ABDALLA
July 2016
2
Dedication
This thesis is dedicated to my father, who taught me that the best kind of
knowledge is that which is learned for its own sake. It is also dedicated to lovely
mother who taught me that even the largest task can be accomplished if it is done
one step at a time.
3
Acknowledgement
I am grateful to Almighty Allah for the good health and wellbeing that were
necessary to complete my graduation project.
I wish to express my thanks to Dr. Ali madibo, head of the faculty for the advice
and encouragement
I place on record, my sincere thanks you to the Dean of the faculty, for the
continuous encouragement
I am also grateful to Dr. Engr. Ahmod Abdallah, I am extremely thankful and
indebted to him for sharing expertise, sincere and valuable guidance and encourage
extended to me
I take this opportunity to express gratitude to all lecturers in the faculty for their
help and support.
I am also grateful to my lovely wife zainab for her support financially and
emotionally towards the end of my study
I also place on record, my sense of gratitude to one and all, who directly and
indirectly have rendered their support to me throughout the period of my study.
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Content page
s/n Description Page no.
Chapter
One
Introduction\ project vision\ Architectural and
Functional challenges
4-5
Chapter
Two
Literature review, related examples\ Space and
Functional studies
6-25
Chapter
Three
Final spatial, functional\ Architectural analysis\
Site selection and study
26-29
Chapter
Four
Design concept and development\ Final design
decisions\ Technical solutions
30-33
References
34
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1.0 Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction
As the 2002 report by the United Nations has suggested, the Arab world – much like the
opening of the Dickens novel A Tale of Two Cities – is full of contradictions. On the
Arabian Peninsula it is the best of times; it is the worst of times. It is the age of wisdom,
it is the age of foolishness … it is the spring of hope; it is the winter of despair. The
Dickens novel, which first appeared in 1859, is set during the darkest period of the
French Revolution and offers a mythic tale of good versus evil, during a time of intense
change. In Jordan, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Egypt these changes and
contradictions are obvious in everyday life, and especially in the media which reflects
that life. The architects of the future in these countries have decided that knowledge-
based industries based at media cities will propel their economies forward. Rising above
the Middle Eastern sands, governments have seeded media projects with cash and
concessions in Dubai Media City, Jordan Media City, and the Egyptian Media Production
City. The great hope is that these zones will drive the knowledge economy in their
respective countries by assembling a critical mass of talent, money, and technology, and
that these cities will act as magnets for human capital and cash. ” (UNDP Arab Human
Development Report 2002a, p. 118).
One such policy initiative that is gaining in popularity is the construction of so-called
‘media cities’. While the term ‘media city’ is relatively new (and perhaps slightly
popularist), they can be defined as large, planned, highly developed urban areas
designated specifically to concentrate media and creative industry production (in its
broadest sense). By concentrating media and creative industry activity to relatively small
urban locales, these media cities are acting as global media hubs that are attempting to
create a knowledge-led ‘buzz’ that helps to develop and foster creative industry activity.
The term ‘media city’ though has been subject to evolution. Krätke (2003: 605, added
emphasis) in attempting to define ‘media cities’ suggests that;
“‘media city’ is a term currently used to describe cultural and media centres operating at
very different geographical levels. They range from small-scale local urban clusters in the
media industry to the cultural metropolises of the global urban and regional system”
1.2 Project vision
To generate income and to create jobs for the teaming masses in Sudan
To improve the level of Information Communication Service (ICT) services in Sudan
To ensure the growth of Sudan economy
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To ensure freedom of speech within the media company
Provide television production of a competitive nature.
Achieve 3,500 hours of indoor studio production 5,000 hours of programmes and outdoor
production.
Provide miscellaneous production including drama, cultural, educational features, and
children programmes to meet local and foreign market requirements.
Provide film production, with a basic capacity of 100 long films per year.
Use the MPC as a tourist attraction for interested citizens and tourists alike.
Utilize on an economic basis, training centre surplus production on both domestic and
external levels.
Use the MPC surplus hotel capacity for providing accommodation services to visitors and
tourists, as well as artists, agents and other members of the public, dealing with MPC.
1.3 Architectural and Functional Challenges
Bulkiness of the building form and how to make best aesthetic out from it by playing
with form shape
Use of appropriate form shape to provide adequate for studio and laboratories to allow
comfortable, pleasing, efficient and sustainable working environment.
The connection of building with an active axis to prevent the building from being scatter
from each other and make it one
The use of same treatment to all building to make unity in the general design.
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2.0 Chapter 2
2.1 The three media cities
All three projects resulted from direct government policy or action. Jordan Media City (JMC)
and Egyptian Media Production City (EMPC) are national projects that are public/private
partnerships. Dubai Media, while reflecting the technological priorities of the national
government, is the product of one emirate and one visionary.
2.1-1 Jordan media city (JMC)
• Jordan was the first nation in the region to raise the idea of creating a media free zone
• JMC was built in 1978 on about 18,000 square meters of government-owned land near
the Jordan Radio and Television Corporation in the central east of the capital, Amman.
• It is a 45-minute drive to the airport.
• Began operating there in 1982 but folded nine cash-starved years later.
• The facility was mothballed until 2001 when a Saudi businessman, Sheikh Saleh Kamel
who owns the Dallah Media Production Company, provided the funds for a technology
overhaul and a cash infusion for uplink equipment, encoders, and multiplexers (high
speed data links). (Sullivan, 2001a).
2.1-2 Dubai media city (DMC)
• Rises from whitish sand dunes about 20 kilometers south of Dubai’s central business
district.
• The first phase of DMC occupies about 33,000 square meters, but the site is scheduled
for significant development in the immediate future.
• Sheik Zayed Road links DMC to Dubai and the airport, the trip can be up to an hour’s
drive (or more) from the airport.
• It opened officially in January 2001 and took only a year to build. Initial cost of the
project has been estimated at between $700 million and almost $1 billion (Schleifer,
2000; Sirri, 2003, p. 2).
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2.1-3 EGYPTIAN MEDIA PRODUCTION CITY (EMPC)
• Built in the shadows of the pyramids, is about 30 kilometers west of Cairo and 10
kilometers from the Giza pyramids in 6th of October City
• EMPC is more than an hour’s drive from Cairo and a 90-minute drive to the airport
(Shahawi, n.d., p. 1).
• The site opened officially in June 2002 but work started a decade earlier. Money has been
a constant problem.
• EMPC’s physical plant has cost about $400 million and a further $89 million has been
spent to equip the fully digital studios.
• Egyptian Radio and Television Union (ERTU) donated the land, which measured about 2
million square meters of studios and buildings as of January 2003.
• EMPC is bigger than the other two media cities combined because it has 18 studios (29
were originally planned).
• Ten of the 18 are outside shooting areas, which occupy most of this land.
• The EMPC is third largest production facility in the world after Hollywood and India.
2.1-3.1 Types of buildings in EMPC: Studios Complex
Open-air shooting areas
Covered Theatre Hall
Open-air Theatres
Services Complex
Film Laboratory
Hotel
Training centre
Staff Club
2.2 The Decline of Offshore Media and the Rise of the Media
City
A significant development in Arab media during the 1990s was the ‘growth of
newspapers and broadcasting stations that have their main editorial offices outside of the
Arab world [Rugh 2004: 167].
Arab publishers that aimed to attract readers from all over the Arab world took refuge in
Europe from their politically-unstable regions and authoritarian regimes oppressive to
freedom of speech.
They published papers in Arabic, the lingua franca, which disseminated their thoughts to
the Arab world.
Media headquartered outside the Arab world, mainly in Europe, were named ‘offshore
media.
9
By the mid-1990s, those Europebased media companies came to occupy a considerable
presence in both the print and broadcast media [Sakr 2001; Rugh 2004; Rinnawi 2006;
Lynch 2006; Kraidy and Khalil 2009].
The locale of Arab media discourse was geographically divided between Europe and the
Arab world, and the extent of freedom-of-speech available to private Europe-based media
over national Arab-based media had been expanded.
However, during the 2000s, many Europe-based Arab media companies, particularly
satellite channels, moved their headquarters to the Arab world and began operating there.
[Jarrah 2008]
`
2.3 Related Examples
10
Fig (2-1). Master Part plan of Dubai media city source: (2daydubai.com)
Fig (2-2) Views of the Dubai media city source: (uaeinteract.com)
Studio
complex
block
11
Fig (2-3). Top view of Dubia media city.
Source: (www1.american.edu/carmel/jp2450a/Images/aerial_view5%5B1%5D.JPG)
The use of regular shapes (rectangular shapes) to suite the
functional
Requirement of the project.
12
Fig (2-4) view of Dubai Media city source:(tecomgroup.ae/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Dubai-Media-City-5.jpg)
Bulkiness of building form
13
Fig (2-5) view of media studio complex source: (tecomgroup.ae/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Dubai-Media-
City-6.jpg)
Fig (2-6)Egyptian media production city-studio source:(empc.org.eg/wordpress)
14
Fig(2-7) EPMC Training center source: (empc.org.eg/acadmy-post)
Fig (2-8) EMPC hotel view source: (movenpick.com)
15
2.4 Project component
Journalism production
Radio production
Tv production
Internet production
Media training
Logistic and facilities
Fig (2-9) project component
Journalism
- Web design
- Web Development
- Journalistic Arts Program
- Journalistic Editing
- Newspapers & Magazines’ Layout & Design
- Leaflets Design
- News Archives
SMPC COMPONENT
JOURNALISM
PRODUCTION
RADIO
PRODUCTION
TV
PRODUCTION
Services MEDIA
Training
LOGISTIC &
FACILITIES
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Radio production
- News broadcasting
- Live stream
- Hiring of studio
TV production
- Production of documentary films
- TV Production
- TV dubbing
- Audio/Video Production
- Muti-Media Production
- Hiring the TV studio for talk show programs
- Hiring TV Editing Units
Logistic and facilities
- Hotels
Media training
- Training Programs in TV Arts
- TV Programming
- TV Shooting and Lighting
- TV Editing
- Video Editing
- Anchor’s Radio & TV Skills
- TV Directing
- iNews
- Media governing bodies
Entertainment
Staffs club
Open theatre
17
2.5 Types of sets and buildings in the proposed city
The city will consist the following set of buildings:
Media publishing complex
Television broadcasting corporation
Radio station
Open-air Theatres: serve summer variety / musical / show performances and lyric
concerts for television production purposes which will accommodates 1,500 persons.
Film Laboratory: Provides film processing services for 16 mm and 35 mm films. Colour
correction, editing (montage), final sound recording and dubbing and final version
printing are also provided.
Hotel: contains 210 rooms, in addition to all other amenities, offering a high-quality, 4-
star hotel service.
Training centre: contains all facilities necessary to train 3,000 persons per year.
Staff Club: Provides social and sporting activities to the project staff as well as staff
members of the Radio and Television Union.
2.6 Space studies
2.6-1 TV broadcasting building.
Name of space level Area of
Space
(m2)
Unit Total Area of
space(m2)
Multipurpose
studio
Ground floor 477.40 1 477.40
Talk studios Ground floor 120.00
80.00
2 300.00
Gramophone
Effect Studios
Ground+1st+2nd
floor
220.00
188.80
1
2
597.60
News studios 1st+2nd+3rd+4th
floor
235.00
80.00
2
2
630.00
Religious
studios
1st +4th floor 120.00 2 240.00
18
Military band
studios
1st+2nd+3rd+4th
floor
120.00
250.00
2
2
740.00
Master control
room
2nd floor 96 1 96.00
Dance band
studio
2nd +3rd floor 385.00 2 770.00
Production
studio
1st+2nd+3rd+4th
floor
478.00 4 1912.00
Library talk
studio
2nd +4th floor 220.00
120.00
2
1
340.00
Control rooms Ground+1st+ 4th
floor
55.60 3 166.80
Sales Ground floor 39.80 1 39.80
Crews room Ground+
1st+2nd+4th floor
51.20
37.50
2
2
177.40
Rest room 1st-4th floor 53.00 4 212.00
Conference
room
2nd+3rd floor 55.60 2 111.20
Study room 2nd floor 39.80 1 39.80
Coffee lounge 2nd floor 51.20 1 51.20
Rehearsal
room
3rd floor 39.80 1 39.80
Program
producer
3rd +4th floor 43.80
39.80
1
1
83.60
Operation 1st+3rd+4th 40.00
51.20
2
1
131.20
Concert hall 5th floor 750 1 750.00
Total 7905.80 Table (2-1): TV broadcasting building
Source: metric handbook planning & design
data 32\-1, 2 and Author
2.6-2 Radio station
Name of
space
level Area of
Space
(m2)
Unit Total Area
of space(m2)
Sound studio Ground
floor
130.00 1 130.00
Control room Ground
floor
72.00 1 72.00
Conference
room
Ground+
2nd +3rd
floor
56.00
103.50
80.00
1
1
1
239.00
Effect studio 1st+2nd+3rd
floor
112.00 3 336.00
19
Drama studio 1st floor 341.00 1 341.00
News room 1st+2nd+3rd
floor
200.00
112.00
3
1
712.00
Study room 1st floor 88.00 1 88.00
Reporter's
room
Ground+
1st floor
103.50 2 207.00
Rehearsal room Ground
floor
56.00 1 56.00
I news 2nd floor 200.00 1 200.00
Advertisement
studios
2nd floor 88.00 1 88.00
Concert hall Ground
+3rd floor
410.00
960.00
1
1
1370.00
Technical Dept. 3rd floor 88.00 1 88.00
Library 3rd floor 112.00 1 112.00
Guest room Ground
floor
88.00 1 88.00
Rest rooms 1st+2nd
+3rd floor
31.70 3 95.10
Operation 2nd floor 106.00 1 106.00
Total 1817.10 Table (2-2) Radio station
Source: Time-saver standard for building
type p.g868 and Author
2.6-3 Journalism publishing building
Name of
space
Unit Level Area of
Space
(m2)
Total
Area of
space(m2) Publishing
lab
1 Ground floor 291.00 291.00
Revision
room
1 Ground
floor
70.00 70.00
Catalog and
labelling
1 Ground floor 276.00 276.00
20
Marketing 1 Ground floor 109.00 109.00
Accounting 1 Ground floor 26.70 26.70
Leaflet
editor
1 Ground floor 26.70 26.70
Director 1 66.70 66.70
Editing
studio
1 Ground floor 95.00 95.00
Journalism
art program
studio
1 First floor 246.50 246.50
Leaflet
design
1 First floor 60.60 60.60
Web design
lab
1 First floor 60.60 60.60
Magazine
input
&design
1 First floor 89.00 89.00
Meeting
room
2 First floor &
second floor
48.00 96.00
Internet
production
2 First floor &
second floor
60.60 121.20
News
archive
2 First floor &
second floor
60.60 121.20
Coffee
lounge
1 second floor 41.00 41.00
Web
development
lab
1 second floor 215.00 215.00
Conference
room
1 Third floor 60.60 60.60
Store 2 Third floor 38.00 76.00
Rest room 2 Third floor 48.00 96.00
Control
room
2 Second &
third floor
41.00 82.00
Total 2326.80 Table (2-3): Journalism publishing building
Source: Author
2.6-4 Media training college
Name of
space
Unit Level Area of
Space
(m2)
Total Area of
space(m2)
Lecture room 10 Ground+1st+2nd+ 120 1200
21
for 72 students floor
Lecture room
for 56 students
3 Ground+1st+2nd+
floor
96 288
Lecture room
for 45 students
1 1st floor 84 84
Sound Studio 1 Ground+1stfloor 201 201
Staffs room 3 Ground+1st+2nd+
floor
80 240
Permanent
secretary
1 Ground floor 41.5 41.5
Secretary to
provost
1 1stfloor 41.5 41.5
P.R.O 2 Ground +2nd floor 38 76
Students Affair
Dean
1 Ground floor 55.6 55.6
Bursary 1 Ground floor 58.8 58.8
Registrar 1 Ground floor 54 54
Provost 1 1st floor 44 44
Liberian 1 1st floor 50 50
Technician Ground floor 48 48
Artesian 1 3rd floor 50 50
Non-teaching
staff office
1 1st floor 59 59
Maintenance 1 3rd floor 44 44
Senate 1 84 84
School officer1 1 2nd floor 43 43
School officer2 1 2nd floor 44 44
Student board
director
1 3rd floor 44 33
Practice studio 1 2nd floor 220 220
Control rooms 2 1st +2nd floor 59 118
Store 1 3rd floor 110 110
Conference
room
1 2nd floor 59 59
Meeting room 1 3rd floor 59 59
Exam room 1 2nd floor 110 110
ICT room 1 3rd floor 84 84
Clinic 1 2nd floor 94 94
Library 1 2nd floor 273 273
Cafeteria 1 1st floor 400 400
Indoor games 1 1st floor 516 516
Total - - - 4882.4 Table (2-4): Media training college
Source: Time-saver standard for Building
type pg233 and Author
22
2.6-5 Staff club
Name of
space
Unit Level Area of Space
(m2)
Total Area of
space(m2) Library 1 Ground floor 572.00 572.00
Party hall 1 Ground floor 865.00 865.00
Children play
area
1 Ground floor 144.00 144.00
Coffee lounge 1 Ground floor 124.00 124.00
Club admin 1 Ground floor 44.00 44.00
Conference
room
1 Ground floor 158.00 158.00
Indoor game 1 1st floor 865.00 865.00
Gym 1 1st floor 553.00 553.00
Aerobic 1 1st floor 276.00 276.00
Home theatre 1 1st floor 154.60 154.60
Bar 1 1st floor 113.00 113.00
Sauna 1 1st floor 12.00 12.00
Steam 1 1st floor 16.80 16.80
Changing room 2 1st floor 6.00 12.00
Exhibition 1 1st floor 546.00 546.00
Female lounge 1 2nd floor 154.00 154.00
Restaurant
semi-closed
sitting
1 2nd floor 319.80 319.80
Restaurant
closed space
sitting
1 2nd floor 154.60 154.60
Store 1 2nd floor 21.600 21.60
Indoor sport 1 2nd floor 1034.80 1034.80
Kitchen 1 2nd floor 9.00 9.00
Service 1 Ground+1st+2nd
floor
34.4 103.2
Total 6251.80 Table (2-5) Staffs club
Source: Author
2.6-6 Hotel
Name of
space
Units Level Area of
Space
Total Area of
space(m2)
23
(m2) Visitor room 1 Ground floor 162.90 162.90
Café 1 Ground floor 89.50 89.50
Café kitchen 1 Ground floor 15.00 15.00
Rest rooms 3 Ground +5th+6th floor 30.00 30.00
Luggage
storage
1 Ground floor 120.00 120.00
Manager office 1 Ground floor 84.00 84.00
Print market 1 Ground floor 171.10 171.10
Gym 1 Ground floor 230.00 230.00
Restaurant 1 Ground floor 430.00 430.00
Restaurant
Kitchen
1 Ground floor 83.00 83.00
Kitchen store 1 Ground floor 60.00 60.00
Hypermarket 1 Ground floor 950.00 950.00
Currency
exchange
1 Ground floor 30.00 30.00
Travel desk 1 Ground floor 29.50 29.50
Telecom office 2 Ground floor 12.00 12.00
Standard
room(type A)
50 1st-10th floor 26.00 1300.00
Standard
room(type B)
90 1st-10th floor 30.00 2700.00
Standard
room(type C)
30 1st-10th floor 34.00 1020.00
Standard
room(type D)
10 1st-10th floor 40.00 400.00
Deluxe rooms 30 1st-10th floor 48.00 1440.00
Services room 12 1st-10th floor 34.80 417.60
Luxury
room(type A)
5 1st+2nd+3rd floor 124.00 620.00
Luxury
room(type B)
2 1st+2nd floor 109.00 218.00
Executive 4 1st+2nd+3rd+4thfloor 58.00 232.00
Main laundry 1 1st floor 64.00 64.00
Meeting room
(type A)
9 2nd-10th floor 64.00 576.00
Meeting
room(type B)
4 7th-10th floor 37.00 148.00
Conference
room
2 5th+6th floor 122.00 122.00
Main kitchen 1 Sub-basement 100.00 100.00
Food store 1 Sub-basement 100.00 100.00
Main store 1 Sub-basement 172.00 172.00
Sub-basement 1 Sub-basement 2765.60 2765.60
24
parking
TOTAL 13605.20 Table (2-6): Hotel
Source: metric handbook planning & design
data 11-5 and Author
2.6-6 Amphitheatre
Name of
spaces
Unit Level Area of Space
(m2)
Total Area of
space(m2) Stage 1 Ground floor 735.20 735.20
Back stage 1 Ground floor 66.00 66.00
Changing
rooms
2 Ground floor 16.00 32.00
Artist room 1 Ground floor 16.00 16.00
Sound and light
control unit
1 Ground floor 32.00 32.00
Toilets 4 Ground floor 3.00 12.00
Auditorium 1 Ground floor 4000.00 4000.00
Total 4893.20 Table (2-7): Amphitheatre
Source: Time-saver standard for building
types pg377-8 and Author
2.6-7 Main restaurant
Name of spaces Human
space(m2)
No. of users Area of Space
(m2)
Total Area of
space(m2)
Eating hall 1.80 900 1694.00 1694.00 Table (2-8): main restaurant
Source: Author
2.6-8 Printing lab
Name of spaces Unit Level Area of Space
(m2)
Total Area of
space(m2)
Laboratory 1 1st floor 687.00 687.00
Dark room 1 1st floor 629.00 629.00
Total - - - 1316.00 Table (2-9): Printing lab
Source: Author
25
Total built space of TV broadcasting building=7905.80 m2
Total built space of Radio station=1817.10 m2
Total built space of Journalism publishing building=2326.80 m2
Total built space for media Training college=4882.40 m2
Total built space of Staffs club=6251.80 m2
Total built space of Hotel =13605.20 m2
Total built space of Amphitheatre= 4893.20 m2
Total built space of Main restaurant=1694.00 m2
Total built space of Printing lab=1316.00 m2
Total built spaces of the project=44691.9 m2
26
2.7 Functional Relationship Diagram
Fig (10) functional relationship diagram
Key plan
Weak
Less weak
Strong
LOGISTIC AND
FACILITIES
TV
PRODUCTION
RADIO
PRODUCTION
JOURNALISM
PRODUCTION
PLAZA
Services
MEDDIA
TRAINING
27
3.0 Chapter 3
3.1 Site location:-
Figure (3-1): site location- Google earth image
Figure (3-2): site location- google image
Figure (3-3) proposed site- Google earth image
28
3.2 Site Selection:-
1- Functional Performance:-
a. Compatibility with the schematic guidance for the city.
b. Providing suitable sufficient areas for the required spaces.
2- Accessibility:-
a. The site is link with two main road running through north and one sub-road running
through the east-west of the site.
3- Economical:-
a. Availability of some raw material needed in the process of construction.
4- Environmental:-
-Appropriate topography and climate condition
5- Socially:-
a. Having tourism attraction characteristics
6- Esthetically:-
a. It will stand as landmark for the region.
b. Create a good view for the region
7- Security:-
a. Taking into account the building codes.
o The proposed site:-
Omdruman north , Omdruman, Sudan.
29
3.3 The site description:-
- The site is surrounded by 2 main roads, 30m width in south- north direction of the site
- The Site has total area of 120000 m2.
3.4 Environment analysis
Empty land 2.7 Site layout
266.50m
450m
m
Empty land khartoum
The site
120000m.sq
WIND
DIRECTION
WIND
DIRECTION
SUNRISE
SUNSET
N
30
3.5 ZONING IN SITE
JOUNALISM
PUBLISHING
RADIO
STATION
HOTEL
STAFFS
CLUB
MEDIA
TRAINING
COLEGE
TV
BROADCASTIN
G
COOPORATIN
G
AMPHITHEATR
E
PLAZA
PLAZA
PLAZA
31
4.0 Chapter 4
4.1 CONCEPT
The concept was derived from video tape cassette
Figure (4-1): Design concept
Source: author
Second step third step
Final design
Figure (4.2): final design- source: Author (from design)
32
4.2 Technical solution
Figure (4.3-1): Studio -
Source: Author (from design)
a. studio installation
-I used crane beam which is attached horizontally to the slab and vertically to the wall.
-I semi- wooden door to avoid sound escape
Figure (4.3-2): A/C & Lighting-
Source: Author (from design)
4.2-1 Air conditioning system
33
a. I used water chiller A/c system.
Figure (4.3-3): final design-
source: Author (from design)
b. I put it on the ground level because of its heavy weight which my slab (corregative slab)
cannot bear.
4.3 Surface Drainage &Sewage system
-Surface drainage slope is 1:300
-The slope of roof building is 1:100
34
Fig (4-4): Surface Drainage & Sewerage
system
Source: Author (from design)
35
References
Joseph De Chiara & John Callender: Time-saver standard for building types, second
Edition
Ernst and Peter Neufert: Architect's data, third edition.
David Littlefield: Metric handbook – planning and design data, Third edition.
Chiba Yushi 2012: The Geographical Transformation of Arab Media, Asian and African
Area Studies, 12 (1): 79-103, 2012.
Stephen Quinn, PhD et el(2010): a tale of three(media) cities.
Al Bakry, A. (2001). “Media told to exercise freedom” in Gulf News 24, October 2001, 3.
Anonymous. (2002b). Untitled press release at Dubai Internet City web site, 9 February
2002. Found at http://www.dubaiinternetcity.com/news /newsdetail.asp? newsid=142
&mcode=54&level=1.
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