mediacia _ mravalsaukunovani qarTuli tradicia

nebismieri sazogadoebis warmateba or borbals _ tradicias da inovacias

eyrdnoba. erT-erTi maTganis gaCerebac sakmarisia, raTa moZraobam mimarTuleba

dakargos da, winsvlis sanacvlod, qveyana erT adgils tkepnides drosa da sivrceSi.

amitom yoveli Taobis amocanaa, SeinarCunos Zveli kargi tradiciebi da Tavadac

safuZveli daudos samomavlo karg tradiciebs.

`samediatoro sasamarTlo~ samarTlis mecnierebaSi uZveles sasamarTlo

dawesebulebad miiCneva da saqarTvelo am mxriv araTu gamonakliss, aramed erT-erT

sanimuSo qveyanas warmoadgens, romlis sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi uxsovari droidan

moyolebuli TiTqmis XX saukunis Sua xanebamde mniSvnelovani adgili ekava

mediaciis instituts. metic, garkveuli cvlilebebiT es instituti arc Tanamedrove

xalxur yofaSi miscemia daviwyebas, rac nayofier niadags qmnis, raTa

mravalsaukunovani istoriuli jaWvi ar gawydes da man XXI saukunis qarTul

realobaSic Tavisi kuTvnili adgili daimkvidros.

ეს ტექსტი miznad isaxavs Zveli qarTuli `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ mokle

mimoxilvas, raTa mkiTxvelisaTvis naTeli gaxdes, rom is inovacia, rac bolo

periodis tendenciebiT qarTul kanonmdeblobasa da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi

ufro da ufro ikidebs fexs (igulisxmeba mediacia da e.w. `aRdgeniTi

marTlmsajuleba~) istoriul safuZvels ar aris moklebuli da sinamdvileSi,

garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, sxva araferia, Tu ara _ `kargad daviwyebuli Zveli.~

mediaciis arsi

Tanamedrove sasamarTlos saqmianobaSi, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis

TvalsazrisiT, kanonis sworad Sefardebisa da aRsrulebis kvაldakval didi

adgili uWiravs mxareTa morigebisa da erTgvari `mesame alternativis,~ modave

mxareTa Soris saerTo gzis gamoZebnis funqciasac, romelic mosamarTlis

saqmianobis erT-erT, xolo mediatoris saqmianobis erTaderT mizans warmoadgens.

`samediatoro sasamarTlo~ modave mxareTa mier, maTi surviliT, erTi

konkretuli sakiTxis gadasawyvetad Camoyalibebuli sasamarTlo Semadgenlobaa,

romlis wevrebsac mxareebi irCeven cal-calke an erTad, urTierTSeTanxmebiT, da

romlebic Suაmavlebad da momrigeblebad gvevlinebian.

mediacia da marTlmsajuleba Zveli qarTvelisaTvis mkacrad ar iyo gamijnuli.

marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba TavisTavad Seicavda morigebis mizansac, xolo

morigebis aqti Tavad iyo marTlmsajulebis erT-erTi gamoxatuleba.

dResac sasamarTlo uflebamosilia, rom, kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi,

esa Tu is saqme swored morigebiT daasrulos. amitom, Tanamedrove TvalsazrisiT,

marTlmsajuleba, Tavis TavSi aseve Seicavs morigebas, Tumca, mediaciis bunebis ukeT

SecnobisaTvis da imisaTvis, rom naTeli gaxdes, ra arsebiTi gansxvavebaa dRevandel

sajaro moxeles _ mosamarTles (im SemTxvevaSi, roca mosamarTle `sasamarTlo

meditoris~ funqcias ar asrulebs) da mediators Soris, SesaZlebelia aseTi

Sedarebis moyvana:

Tuki warmovidgenT, rom dapirispirebuli mxareebi ori sxvadasxva, erTmaneTis

mimarT mtrulad ganwyobili qveynebis `moqalaqeebi~ arian, mosamarTle SeiZleba

SevadaroT mesame neitraluri qveynis `moqalaqes,~ xolo bWe-mediatori – swored am

dapirispirebuli qveynebis `ormag moqalaqes.~

mediatoris es dualisturi funqcia kargad Cans mosamarTlis aRmniSvnel Zvel

qarTul terminebSi, vinaidan nebismier samarTlebriv termins aqvs ara mxolod

sakuTari istoria, aramed igi TviTonac istoriis uSualo mowme da piruTvneli

mTxrobelia.

saxelwodeba

Zveli qarTuli samarTali mosamarTles Semdegi sityvebiT aRniSnavs:

`bWe,~ `msajuli,~ `mosamarTle,~ `mdivanbegi,~ svanuri `moravi,~ (`morevi~), Tu

xevsuruli `rjulis kaci.~

`bWe~ _ mosamarTlis aRmniSvneli uZvelesi terminia, romelic Zvel qarTul

mwerlobaSi V saukunidan gvxvdeba. V-X saukuneebSi igi `msajulis,~ xolo X-XVIII

saukuneebSi _ `msajulis~ da `mosamarTlis~ paralelurad gamoiyeneba. ar hqonda

mniSvneloba, Tu vin arCevda saqmes: modaveTa mier arCeuli piri, Tu _ saxelmwifo

xelisuflebis mier daniSnuli.

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi XVIII saukunidan `bWe~ sabolood daubrunda

CveulebiT samarTals da damkvidrda im adgilas, saidanac odesRac wamovida. saTemo

urTierTobis wiaRSi warmoSobili terminis gamZleobam faqtis winaSe damdgari

saxelmwifo xelisufleba aiZula, rom gviani periodis sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi

SetaniT mxolod `bWe~ ecno CveulebiTi samarTliT saqmis gamrCev pirTa

saxelwodebad. am droidan qarTl-kaxeTSi `bWe~ mxolod mediators ewodeba,

imereTis samefoSi ki _ kvlav Zveleburad mosamarTlis zogadi mniSvnelobiT

ixmareba.

sityva `mediators~ XIX saukunis damdegamde qarTuli sinamdvile ar icnobs.

termin `bWes~ Seusisxlxorcebia ucxouri warmoSobis `mediatori~ da

Camoyalibebula _ `bWe-mediatori.~

`msajuli~ _ V saukunidan fiqsirdeba da msjelobas, sjuls, rjuls, sjasa,

gansjas ukavSirdeba, anu garkveuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis process da sanqciis

gansazRvras _ misjas da dasjas.

`mosamarTle~ – X saukunis Semdgom gvxvdeba da Tavisi SinaarsiT `samarTlis

moqmedia,~ `samarTali~ ki erTi mxriv `marTs,~ swors aRniSnavs, xolo meore mxriv _

`mrTels,~ `mTlians,~ srulyofils (am ideis sawinaaRmdegoa danaSaulis aRmniSvneli

Zveli qarTuli terminebi: `samarTal-darRveva,~ `kanon-darRveva,~ e.i. mTliani

mdgomareobis daSla-danawevreba da _ `gardasvla~ da `gardaxdoma~ – e.i. `swori~

gzidan an garkveuli zRvridan gadasvla-gadaxveva).

`mdivanbegi~ _ aRmosavluri warmoSobis terminia, romelic gvianfeodalur

periodSi Semodis.

`moravi~ (`morevi~) _ XIII saukunidan dRemde mosamarTlis svanuri saxelwodebaa,

romelic, SesaZloa, Zveli drois `mouravidan,~ an kidev, `urvidan~ (`daurvebidan~)

iRebdes saTaves: `gviurves ficebulTa mouravTa~ _ vkiTxulobT erT-erT Zvel

svanur sabuTSi.

`rjulis kaci~ _ igive `msajulis~ ideis matarebelia, anu samarTlis-mcodnes,

`merCule~-s aRniSnavs.

qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi icnobs mediatoris aRmniSvnel iseT terminebsac,

rogoricaa `Suakacni,~ `sapatio kacni,~ `SuaTaRa dasxmulni.~ CveulebiT samarTalSi

ki mimobneulia sxvadasxva termini mosamarTlis, mediatoris Tu soflis mier

arCeul darbaisel pirTa aRsaniSnavad, romlebic samosamarTlo uflebamosilebebiT

iyvnen aRWurvili garkveuli vadiT an konkretuli sakiTxis mosagvareblad: fSavSi

maT `mebrWeebs,~ `merjuleebs,~ `Tavkacebs,~ `nacad kacebs,~ `kiTxul kacebs~

uwodebdnen; TuSeTSi _ `sakiTx kacT;~ mesxeTSi _ `winapirebs,~ `maSuals,~ xolo

aWaraSi _ `gamrigos~ da `winai kacebs;~ raWa-leCxumSi, xSirad, `Suakacis~ qveS

swored bWe-mediators gulisxmobdnen; guriaSi ki ufro metad sityva `mediatori~

iyo gavrcelebuli.

mocemul terminTagan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs `bWe,~ romelic ara

mxolod mosamarTlesa da mediators, aramed `karebs,~ `zRurbls,~ `karibWesac~

ewodeba.

mosamarTlis karis simbolikasTan asocireba SemTxveviTi sulac ar aris da igi

cxadyofs Zvel qarTvelTa cnobierebaSi arsebul metad originalur da saintereso

koncefcias:

pirveli mizezi, ris gamoc mosamarTle karebTan asocirideba, uZvelesi

tradicia gaxlavT, romelic dasturdeba Zveli samyaros xalxTa yofierebaSi,

iudeasa da klasikuri aRmosavleTis qveynebSi. esaa qalaqis karibWesTan

sasamarTlos mowyobis wesi. swored aqedan modis `saajo kari~ _ umaRlesi

sasamarTlo organos saxelwodeba daviT aRmaSeneblis periodSi.

meore mizezi kidev ufro arqaulia da karis dualistur simbolikas

ukavSirdeba. mis Sesacnobad saWiroa Semdegi kiTxvebis dasma:

● romel sivrces ganekuTvneba kari, rogorc Senobis an nagebobis

arqiteqturuli elementi: Sida sivrces Tu gareTas? sxvagvarad _ misgan marjvniv

mdebare sivrces Tu marcxniv arsebuls?

● upiratesad romeli funqcia aqvs kars, rogorc Senobis an nagebobis

arqiteqturul elements _ Caketvis Tu gaRebis?

● ra asociaciuri kavSiria karis, rogorc Senobis an nagebobis arqiteqturuli

elementis, funqciebsa da mosamarTlis saqmianobas Soris?

cxadia, rom kari orive sivrces ganekuTvneba da funqciac ormagi aqvs: sivrcis

dakavSirebis funqcias TaRi asrulebs, xolo gayofis funqcias _ kedeli. kari ki

orive funqciis SemaTavsebelia.

termin `bWis~ omonimuri mniSvneloba pirdapir miuTiTebs misi Semqmnelis

samarTlebriv warmodgenebze, kerZod: mosamarTlis, rogorc momrigeblis,

SemakavSireblis funqciaze da sasamarTlos, rogorc mediaciis ganxorcielebis

instrumentze, romelic karis msgavsad ori damoukidebeli sivrcis makavSireblisa

da gamyofis dualistur datvirTvas ise iTavsebs, rom cal-calke arcerT sivrces

ganekuTvneba, da amavdroulad, orive sivrcis ganuyofeli nawilia.

swored am msoflmxedvelobis gamovlinebaa `xevsuruli rjulis~ wesi _ roca

or sxvadasxva soflis mcxovrebs Soris arsebul davas aucileblad am soflebis

Sua mijnaze, e.w. `sasworSi~ ganixilavdnen.

igive principia asaxuli qarTuli adaTobrivi samarTlis, kerZod, svanuri

samediatoro warmoebis umniSvnelovanes institutSi _ `Tanasworobis~ anu `tolobis

ficSi~ (`tolob maRvra~), romlis drosac Semrigebeli mediatorebi rogorc erT, ise

meore mxares damoukideblad aZleven fics, rom TiToeuli maTganis adgilze

daayeneben sakuTar Tavs da miukerZoeblad gansjian samarTals ise, TiTqos swored

maT adgilas iyvnen.

aq, erTi SexedviT, ganuxorcielebeli pirobis micema xdeba, vinaidan

momrigebeli aseT fics aZlevs ara erT, aramed orive mxares, Tanac es mxareebi

erTmaneTTan dapirispirebaSi imyofebian. magram swored aq Cans, rom `morevi~

erTdroulad `ekuTvnis~ orive mxares, da amave dros, cal-calke _ arc erT maTgans.

es mdgomareoba imiT aris gansakuTrebuli, rom mosamarTle araTu mesame, `calke

mdgom,~ absoluturad damoukidebel kategoriaSi moiazrebs Tavs, aramed kvlavac

orivesTan mWidro kavSirSi, `orives Soris~ rCeba, rac kargadaa asaxuli

samediatoro samarTalwarmoebis sxva terminebSic _ `nensgaS megne~ (`SuaSi mdgomi~),

`nesgamezal~ (`Suamavali~) da sxv.

SesaZlebelia, es damokidebuleba Tanamedrove adamianisaTvis, TviT profesiiT

iuristisaTvisac ki, ucnaurad JRerdes, magram Zvel qarTvelTa cnobierebaSi

samarTali, upirveles yovlisa, aRiqmeboda rogorc Suamavlobis procesi,

urTierTobis xerxi da ara, rogorc dRes _ normaTa Seqmnisa da gadawyvetilebaTa

miRebis procesi. samarTali sxva Zveli xalxebisTvisac istoriis sawyis etapze iyo

ara imdenad bralis gansazRvrisaTvis an msjavris dadebisaTvis SemuSavebuli

wesebis erToblioba da principebis meSveobiT adamianTa dayofis saSualeba _ aramed

samarTali iyo adamianTa erTad SekavSirebis saSualeba da Serigebis instrumenti.

igi imdenad zemodan Tavsmoxveuli wesebis erTobliobas ki ar warmoadgenda,

ramdenadac _ sazogadoebis erTgvar `koleqtiur sindiss.~ Tavad xalxi qmnida

samarTals da sasamarTlos Tavis krebebze. amitom, uflebisa da braleulobis

sakiTxebze maRla moSuRlarTa Serigebis sakiTxi idga, ris gamoc, dazaralebulis

cnobierebaSi warmoqmnil pirvel impulss _ SurisZiebas, samagieros mizRvis

survils, sazogadoebis gavleniT ukan unda daexia kompensaciis odenobis Sesaxeb

molaparakebis winaSe, rasac mosdevda kidec Serigeba. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba,

xSirad, morigebis aqti da darRveuli mSvidobis diplomatiis saSualebiT aRdgenis

deklarireba iyo.

mediaciisadmi aseTi damokidebuleba naTlad Cans qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebsa

da eTnografiul masalebSi, romelTa mokle ganxilvasac qvemoT SevudgebiT.

`samediatoro sasamarTlo~ qarTuli samarTlis ZeglebSi

beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wigni icnobs SuakacTa sasamarTlos, romelic

adaTobrivi samarTlis normebiT xelmZRvanelobs. mediatorebad Zveli wesebis

mcodne mxcovan adamianebs irCevdnen.

magaliTad, samarTlis wignis me-6 muxli msubuqi Wrilobis saqmis SuakacTa

meSveobiT morigebas iTvaliswinebs (`sapatioTa kacTa Sua SemosvliTa, SetyvebiT

moiyvanen, daaurvebinon, viTarca marTebdes~); me-13 muxli saubrobs ojaxis aklebisa

da Sercxvenisas `kacTa Sua SemosvliT~ Serigebaze, xolo 39-e muxlSi kargad Cans,

rom `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ ZiriTadi mizani mxareTa Soris `zvavis~ anu

mtrobis, qiSpis moSlaa (`sjobs orTave moyvareni kacni Semoasxnen Sua da... zvavi

moSalos Suakacman~); Zeglis 83-e muxlSi vkiTxulobT: `patrons ymaTa Sua Tu ra

sabatonymo samduravi da sacilobeli Semovides, marTliTa da uTnevariTa SuaTa

brWobiT moewyvnen, moezavnen,~ e.i. Tu sxvadasxva socialur safexurze mdgom pirTa

Soris iqneba `sabatonymo samduravi da sacilobeli,~ maTi Serigeba, dazaveba

SesaZloa SuakacTa meSveobiT moxdes, romlebic samarTliani da `uTnevari,~ anu

piruTvneli adamianebi unda iyvnen; 92-e muxlic SuakacTa meSveobiT (`kacTa

daxedviTa~) zianis anazRaurebas iTvaliswinebs da a.S.

samcxe-saaTabagos kanonmdebloba mediatorebs SedarebiT msubuqi saqmeebis

gadawyvetas andobs, magram safiqrebelia, rom mxareebi sxva SemTxvevebSic irCevdnen

Suakacebs. es ZeglSi ar aisaxa, vinaidan beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wigni, feodaluri

xanis sxva Zeglebis msgavsad, kazuisturia da mxolod im SemTxvevebs iTvaliswinebs,

rac mocemul epoqaSi Zeglis moqmedebis arealSi iyo gavrcelebuli. amitom masSi

gauTvaliswinebeli sxva samoqalaqo davebi Tu arasamoqalaqo Sinaarsis SedarebiT

msubuqi kategoriis saqmeebic, SesaZloa, mediatorebs gaerCiaT. amas unda

gulisxmobdes kanonmdebeli, rodesac Suakacebsa da bWeebs (aq `bWeSi~ xelisuflebis

warmomadgeneli mosamarTle igulisxmeba) samarTalSemoqmedebiT uflebas aniWebs:

Zeglis mixedviT, cxovrebaSi `mravalgvarni saqmeni arian~ da aseTi saqmeebis

ganxilvisas mosamarTleebma unda daadginon saqmis viTareba da TavianTi

SexedulebiT Sesabamisi sasjelic gansazRvron.

vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignic mediatorTa saqmianobas SedarebiT msubuq

saqmeebze iTvaliswinebs, magაliTad: 188-e muxlis mixedviT, pirutyvis mier

miyenebuli zianis Sesaxeb Suakacebma unda imsjelon da anazRaurebac maT mier

miRebuli gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze unda moxdes. 190-e muxliT ki, `Tu saxmari

nergi mouWras an moukafos, SuaskacT gasinjviT da dafasebiT rogorc Tquan da

Rirdes, isre pasuxi gasces,~ e.i. aqac Suakacebi afaseben miyenebul zarals.

marTalia, mosamarTlec da mediatoric zogadad `bWed~ iwodeboda, magram metad

sainteresoa berZnuli samarTlis qarTuli versiis 136-e muxli, romelSic

sagangebodaa aRniSnuli: `ukeTu orsa kacsa saCivari qondes mosamarTlesTana da arc

xelmwifisa, arc patriarqisa, arc mitropolitisa, arc mosamarTlis saCivari da

samarTali ar moindomon, da im orTa erTi kaci gamoirCion, da imasTan mividnen,

moaxsenon, rome erTi saCivari gvaqvso da romelsac Tquen samarTals guizam, imas

vjervarTo, im mosamarTles ewodebis bWe.~ es Zegli episkoposma kvipriane

samTavnelma Targmna (eriskacobaSi kozma aragvis erisTavi), romelmac zedmiwevniT

icoda Tavisi kuTxis CveulebiTi samarTali. igi berZnul dedanSi moxsenebul

mediators _ `airetos krites~ (sityvasityviT, `gamorCeuli mosamarTle~) azrobrivad

Targmnis `bWed,~ maSin rodesac, sajaro moxele-mosamarTles (berZn. `krites~) _

`mosamarTles~ uwodebs.

daviT batoniSvilis kanonproeqti, `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa,~ termin

`bWeSi~ mxareTa mier arCeul msajulsac gulisxmobs da saxelmwifo moxelesac. me-9

muxlis Tanaxmad, yovel weliwads saWiroa bWis gamorCeva mefis nebiT, an modaveTa

mier. bWeTa (igulisxmeba bWe-mediatoric) gadawyvetilebis Seusrulebloba mxareTa

pasuxismgeblobas iwvevs. am muxlSi kanonmdebeli Zalze zogadad exeba `samediatoro

sasamarTlos~ sakiTxs da ubralod afiqsirebs mis arsebobas.

samagierod, ufro gviandel SromaSi, `saqarTvelos samarTlisa da

kanonTmcodneobis mimoxilva,~ igi `mediators~ da `bWes~ erTmaneTisgan mijnavs: aq

`bWe~ soflis mier erTi wliT arCeuli mudmivmoqmedi mosamarTlea (ori an sami),

romelTac mouravi da memamule amtkicebs. isini saojaxo an umniSvnelo samamulo

davebs ganixilaven. `mediatorebs~ ki samoqalaqo xasiaTis sakiTxTa gadasaWrelad

TviTon mxareebi irCeven: Tavadaznaurobas ufleba aqvs, airCios mediatorebi Tavisi

saqmeebis gansaxilvelad, xolo qalaqis mosaxleobasa da vaWrebs SeuZliaT

angariSsworebisa da gayofis saqmeebi maT miandon. mediatorad arCeulni deben fics,

rom piruTvnelad gaarCeven saqmes. Semdeg ikribebian sruli SemadgenlobiT, iwveven

modaveebs, ganixilaven dokumentebs, angariSebsa Tu sxva sabuTebs, dahkiTxaven

mowmeebs da gamoitanen saboloo ganaCens, romelsac amcnoben mxareebs da sisruleSi

mosayvanad gadascemen mouravs. `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ gadawyvetileba

sabolooa da gasaCivrebas ar eqvemdebareba. Tumca, iqve daviT batoniSvili

miuTiTebs, rom, yofila SemTxvevebi, rodesac mediatorTa ganaCeniT ukmayofilobisas

zogjer saqme gadahqondaT samefo sasamarTloSi da mefe niSnavda ndobiT aRWurvil

or an sam pirs, romlebic am saqmes mefis saxeliT arCevdnen.

`samediatoro sasamarTlos~ aRwers XIX saukunis dasawyisSi Seqmnili Zegli

`saqarTvelos CveulebiTi sjuli,~ romlis me-60 muxlSi naTqvamia, rom rusuli

mmarTvelobis damyarebamde modaveebi yovelgvari xelwerilis gareSe, sakuTari

iniciativiT, mefis brZanebiT, an adgilobrivi moxelis mowodebiT,

urTierTTanxmobiT amoirCevdnen or, sam an eqvs bWes, romlebic gadawyvetdnen davas

da orive mxares miscemdnen ganaCens. Tu romelime maTgani mefesTan an moxelesTan

iCivlebda, rom mediatorebi mis mimarT tendenciurebi iyvnen, gadawyvetileba

gadaisinjeboda. tyuilad CivilisTvis mxares daajarimebdnen, xolo Tu igi marTali

aRmoCndeboda, `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ gadawyvetilebas saTanadod Secvlidnen.

rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis Semdeg ki `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ Catarebis

procedura sxvagvaria: mediatorTa arCeva warmoebs mxareTa keTili nebiT,

mmarTvelobis Carevis gareSe. modaveni mediatorebs aZleven `Sekrulebis

xelwerils~ (gadawyvetilebisadmi damorCilebis pirobas), romelsac daamowmebineben

adgilobriv oficialur sasamarTlo uwyebas.

samarTlis wignebSi arsebul normebs zedmiwevniT imeorebs saqarTvelos

arqivebSi, mxareTmcodneobis muzeumebsa da saojaxo koleqciebSi daculi uamravi

sasamarTlo xasiaTis dokumenti, romelTa analiziT ikveTeba, rom `samediatoro

sasamarTlos~ gansjadobas, ZiriTadad, samoqalaqo xasiaTis davebi _ ojaxis gayra,

qonebis ganawileba da valdebulebaTa Seusrulebloba eqvemdebareboda.

am dokumentebSi, rogorc wesi, aRniSnulia, rom mediatorebi sadavo sakiTxis

gansaxilvelad, Tavisufali nebiT, TviTon mxareebma airCies, romlebic deben

xelwerils, rom dasjerdebian miRebul gadawyvetilebas, usityvod aRasruleben mas

da ar gaasaCivreben ofიcialur sasamarTlo uwyebaSi (xSirad, Tavad es `Sekrulobis

xelwerili~ oficialur sasamarTlo dawesebulebaSi damowmdeboda kidec). mxareebi

dasturs iZlevian ficiT da beWdiT. xelwerilis miRebis Semdeg mediatorebi iwyeben

saqmis ganxilvas: dahkiTxaven mxareebs, amowmeben saTanado sabuTebs, angariSebs,

Tamasuqebsa Tu sxva werilobiT dokumentebs, daaTvaliereben sadavo adgils,

dahkiTxaven mowmeebs, daakisreben fics romelime mxares imis gasarkvevad Tu vis

ekuTvnis esa Tu is qoneba, Tuki sxva saSualebiT amis dadgena SeuZlebeli

aRmoCndeba da, yovelive amis Semdgom, gamoitanen gadawyvetilebas (Tumca, isic

SesaZloa, rom SeTanxmebamde ver misuliyvnen da gadawyvetilebis miuReblad

daSliliyvnen). sabuTebSi detalurad aris aRwerili gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi: Tu

rogor xdeboda qonebis danawileba, vis ra ergo da ratom. sabuTis bolos ki

aucileblad gvxvdeba miTiTeba, rom mxareebma ganCineba `iyabules,~ anu moiwones.

dokumentebidan dgindeba, rom mediatorTa arCeva SeiZleba aseve momxdariyo

Tanamdebobis piris, magaliTad, mefis, kaTalikosis an dedoflis TanxmobiTac.

dasavleT saqarTvelos sabuTebSi ki xSirad Cans, rom mas Semdeg, rac mxareebi

Tanabari odenobiT mediatorebs airCeven, es ukanasknelni, Tavis mxriv, irCeven

ufros mediators. dokumentebSi aris garkveuli miniSnebac, rom ufro adreul

periodSi `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ mkvlelobis saqmis ganxilvac SeeZlo.

arasamarTlebrivi xasiaTis dokumentebic metad Zvirfasia mediaciis istoriis

Sesaswavlad. magaliTad, XVII saukuneSi `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ arsebobas

dasavleT saqarTveloSi, kerZod, samegreloSi, italieli misioneri arqanjelo

lamberti adasturebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom XIX-XX saukunis mijnis samegrelos

eTnografiuli sinamdvile `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ ukve dakninebuli saxiT

icnobs (guria-imereTis msgavsad igi, ZiriTadad, samoqalaqo an saojaxo davebs

ganixilavs), _ cnobili mogzauris dRiurebiT vigebT, rom, Tavis droze, igi aqac

klasikuri formiT yofila gavrcelebuli.

arqanjelo lamberti aRwers, Tu rogor awarmoebda marTlmsajulebas

samegrelos mTavari da dasZens, rom, roca rTuli saqmea, magram mTavris Sewuxeba ar

surT, modaveebi ase iqcevian: TiToeuli irCevs TiTo mosamarTles. orive

mosamarTle irCevs erT momxsenebels, romlis movaleobaa arCeul mosamarTleebTan

erTad dajdes da erTi modavis sityvebi meores gadasces.

daniSnaven dRes da adgils, rodis da sad unda moxdes saqmis garCeva.

Cveulebriv, Seikribebian romelime kargi Crdiliani xis qveS. daniSnul dros

yvelani mivlen amorCeul adgilze. mosamarTleebi da saqmis momxsenebeli

dasxdebian. jer momCivani gamocxaddeba, muxlmodrekiT moaxsenebs maT Tavis saCivars

da warudgens yvela sabuTs. roca saTqmels daasrulebs, adgeba da iseT adgilas

wava, rom ver gaigos, rasac mopasuxe ityvis. mosamarTleTa winaSe gamocxaddeba da

muxls moidreks mopasuxe, romelsac saqmis momxsenebeli sityvasityviT gadascems

saCivars. mopasuxe Tavis Sesagebels moaxsenebs mosamarTleebs da warudgens Tavis

sabuTebs. daasrulebs Tu ara Tavis sityvas, igi wava. Semdeg Semova momCivani da ase

gagrZeldeba, vidre orive mxare ar daasrulebs Tav-Tavis sityvas. roca maT aRar

eqnebaT saTqmeli, mosamarTleni calke wavlen sabWod da gadawyveten saqmes. ganaCens

orive mxare yabuldeba.

am cnobaSi aRwerili mTeli rigi principebi mTis regionebSi dResac

xeluxlebladaa Semonaxuli:

● mxareebi TavianTi neba-surviliT irCeven TiTo mosamarTles da Semdeg es

mosamarTleebi _ e.w. momxsenebels, romelic mxareebs erTmaneTis Cvenebas gadascems.

● saqmis garCeva xdeba specialurad SerCeul adgilas, sadme Crdiliani xis

qveS da procesi SejibrobiTobis principis safuZvelze mimdinareobs: mosamarTleebs

gadawyvetileba swored mxareTa mier warmodgenili Cvenebebis, sabuTebis safuZvelze

gamoaqvT.

● mxareebi rigrigobiT aZleven Cvenebas mosamarTleebs da pasuxs scemen

urTierTbraldebebs ise, rom fizikurad ar xvdebian erTmaneTs da ar esmiT

erTmaneTis saubari.

● isini muxlmodrekiT moaxseneben sasamarTlos. msgavsi wesi dasturdeba xevSi

al. yazbegis `elgujaSi~ aRwerili sceniT: `svimon gavida Sua adglas, moixada qudi,

daiCoqa cal muxlzed da daiwyo Tavisi saCivari... Semdeg moiwvies elgujas

naTesavebi... isinic, rogorc svimon, ise gavidnen Sua adgilas da daiCoqnen.~

● daculia sasamarTlo TaTbiris saidumloeba.

samwuxarod, arqanjelo lamberti ar miuTiTebs, Tu ra xasiaTis saqmeebs

ganixilavda mis mier aRwerili sasamarTlo dawesebuleba, magram igi aRniSnavs, rom

es iyo rTuli saqmeebi.

`samediatoro sasamarTlos~ sicocxlisunarianobis mizezebi

Tuki `samediatoro sasamarTlo~ Zvel saqarTveloSi isedac sakmaod

gavrcelebuli instituti iyo, rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis Semdeg misi

moqmedeba kidev ufro intensiuri gaxda, rasac xels uwyobda oficialur

sasamarTlo warmoebaSi mosaxleobis umravlesobisaTvis gaugebari rusuli enis

damkvidreba. xolo meore mizezi, rac gansakuTrebiT naTlad svaneT-xevsureTis

magaliTze ikveTeba, e.w. `gauTqmelobis principi~ gaxldaT, romlis Tanaxmad,

sircxvilad miiCneoda piradi mtris gansasjelad gadacema sazogado mtrisTvis:

rodesac svaneTSi rusuli mmarTvelobis mier gagzavnili gamomZiebeli momCivan-

mopasuxesa da mowmeebs daibarebda, yvelani erTxmad damnaSavis sasargeblod

aZlevdnen Cvenebas, raTa damnaSave rusul kanons ar daesaja da dava svanuri adaTiT

mogvarebuliyo. imaves wers vaJa-fSavela xevsureTis Sesaxeb: `Tu romelime mxare,

momCivani an mopasuxe ar dasTanxmda mediatorTa gadawyvetilebas da TianeTSi

gaemgzavra saCivlelad, mTeli Temi da sofeli dauxvdeba win da daabrunebs ukan:

sircxvili ara ic, rad gvyri sxvis xelada.~

rogorc Cans, msgavsi msoflmxedveloba arc saqarTvelos sxva regionebisTvis

yofila ucxo: goris mazraSi 1906 wlis erT-erTi samediatoro gadawyvetilebiT

mkvlels daekisra moklulis dakrZalvis xarjebis anazRaureba, misi mcirewlovani

Svilis rCena 17 wlis asakamde da srulwlovnebis miRwevisas garkveuli odenobis

miwis farTis sakuTrebaSi gadacema, aseve, moklulis qvrivis sasargeblod kviraSi

ori dRis ganmavlobaSi fizikuri Sroma. xalxis SefasebiT: `ra xeiria, erTi

daoblebuli ojaxis nacvlad daobldes ori, axla ki mkvleli or ojaxze muSaobs~

_ igulisxmeba, rom `samediatoro sasamarTlom~ mkvleli moklulis ojaxs

mzrunvelad mouvlina, maSin rodesac, saxelmwifo sasamarTlo damnaSaves dasjida

da orive ojaxi marCenalis gareSe darCeboda.

imaves adasturebs mTis raWaSi XX saukunis 20-iani wlebSi dafiqsirebuli erTi

daWris saqme, roca dazaralebulma, xelisuflebis oficialuri organoebisadmi

mimarTvis nacvlad, xalxuri samarTliT moiTxova sazRauri: `rom vuCivlo, daiWeren,

cixeSi SeiZleba mokvdes kidec, ris gamoc sofeli damnaSaved CamTvlis. misi axlo

naTesavebi mtrad gadamekidebian da mec araferi mergeba, amitom, mirCevnia

Sinaurulad movrigde.~

swored am mizezeTa gamo ar unda gagvikvirdes, rom xalxuri mediaciis

institutma TviT sabWoTa mmarTvelobis pirobebsac gauZlo. misi moqmedeba

samoqalaqo saqmeebze saqarTvelos yvela regionSi fiqsirdeba, xolo sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeebze _ saqarTvelos mTaSi, gansakuTrebiT, svaneTsa da xevsureTSi,

sadac mxareebi mxolod CveulebiTi samarTliT dadgenili wesiT agvarebdnen davebs

da sabWoTa organoebisaTvis mimarTvas maqsimalurad eridebodnen. mkvlelobis,

daWra-dasaxiCrebisa Tu qurdobisaTvis xelisuflebis mier damnaSavis dakavebisa da

gasamarTlebis miuxedavad, mxareebi adgilobrivi wesiT mainc arCevdnen saqmes da

mxareTa Serigebac CveulebiTi samarTlis normebiT xdeboda. svaneTsa da xevsureTSi,

SeiZleba, dResac gaimarTos `samediatoro sasamarTlo~ yvelaze mZime sasisxlo

saqmeebzec ki, Tumca, bolo periodSi mTis regionebidan mosaxleobis migraciam (es

ufro metad, xevsureTs da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTs exeba) CveulebiTi

samarTlis moqmedebis intensivoba sagrZnoblad Seamcira. amis miuxedavad,

`samediatoro sasamarTlo~ rogorc organizaciuli, ise procesualuri

TvalsazrisiT am kuTxeebSi ufro mravalferovania, vidre barSi da igi aq uZvelesi

plastis saxiT aris SemorCenili, ris gamoc xalxuri mediaciis ganxilva yvelaze

srulyofilad swored svanuri da xevsuruli masalebiT aris SesaZlebeli.

`samediatoro sasamarTlo~ qarTul CveulebiT samarTalSi

precedentuli samarTali

iseve rogorc Zveli qarTuli samarTali, qarTuli CveulebiTi samarTalic

sasamarTlo precedentebiT sazrdoobs. svaneTsa da xevsureTSi mas, Sesabamisad _

`haraki~ da `andrezi~ ewodeboda. isini Taobidan Taobas zepirad gadaecemoda da

gansakuTrebiT kargad iyo cnobili mediatorTaTvis, romlebic konkretuli saqmis

ganxilvisas moixmobdnen adaTis mTavar principebs da sxvadasxva sofelSi momxdar

SemTxvevebs, romelic maT ZvelTagan smenodaT, an maT axlobels Tu TviTon mieRoT

monawileoba maT dadgenaSi _ `samediatoro sasamarTlo~ xom CveulebiTi samarTlis

normaTa erT-erTi warmomqmneli organo iyo: Tu igi gansaxilveli sakiTxis

gadasawyvetad Sesabamis normas ver monaxavda, adaTis saerTo sulis Sesabamis

sruliad axal gadawyvetilebas gamoიtanda. sxva samediatoro Semadgenlobis mier

aseTi gadawyvetilebis mowoneba da ganmeoreba axal precedentul normas qmnida,

romelic CveulebaTa saerTo masas uerTdeboda.

Tumca, es imas ar niSnavs, rom mediatorebi normaSemoqmedebiT saqmianobaSi

absoluturad Tavisuflebi iyvnen. magaliTad, xevsurul gadmocemaTa Tanaxmad, Tu

Zvelad `rjulis kacebi~ ganaCenis dadgenisas saTanado `andrezs~ ver gaixsenebdnen,

sasamarTlo kolegia gadawyvetilebis miuReblad daiSleboda. SesaZloa, amis Semdeg

vinme gareSe pirs gaxseneboda kidec saWiro `andrezi.~ aseT SemTxvevaSi `rjulis~

Tavidan, axali SemadgenlobiT mowveva dadgeboda dRis wesrigSi. magram, Tu kazusi

marTlac analogis armqone aRmoCndeboda, sakiTxs e.w. `mbWe-xevisberTa~ instituti

wyvetda. igi, miuxedavad saxelwodebisa, ar yofila mxareTa Sesarigeblad

dakompleqtebuli Cveulebrivi `samediatoro sasamarTlo.~ `mbWe-xevisberni~

gansakuTrebuli avtoritetis mqone pirebi iyvnen, romlebic ikribebodnen gudanis

jvarSi da cvlilebebi SehqondaT sruliad xevsureTis `rjulSi,~ auqmebdnen

moZvelebul wesebs, adgendnen axal normebs da uzrunvelyofdnen mTels xevsureTSi

arsebuli `andrezebis~ erTgvar sistematizacia-harmonizacias. `bWobis~ Sedegad

miRebuli gadawyvetilebis STamomavlobisaTvis gadacemas ki e.w. `andrezis Semnaxav~

sagangebo pirebs avalebdnen.

fici

fici Zvel saqarTveloSi umTavres sasamarTlo mtkicebulebas warmoadgenda,

romelic, ფაქტობრივად, yvela samarTlis ZeglSia moxseniebuli da CveulebiT

samarTalSic udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba.

fici Tavisi agebulebiT pirobiTi winadadebaa (Tu... _ maSin...), romlis pirveli

nawili Seicavs pirobas (ama Tu im faqtis deklarirebas), xolo meore nawili _

sanqcias (dakrulvas) am pirobis SeusruleblobisTvis.

erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba fici, rogorc sasamarTlo mtkicebuleba (Tavis

marTlebis saSualeba) da procesualuri fici.

● mtkicebulebiTi fici cnobilia qarTuli CveulebiTi samarTlisaTvis TiTqmis

yvela kuTxeSi, magram gansakuTrebulad aqtiurad saqarTvelos mTis regionebSi

(TuS-fSav-xevsureTsa da raWa-leCxum-svaneTSi) gamoiyeneboda, sadac ficis rwmena

ufro didxans SemorCa.

ficiT Tavis marTleba e.w. `TanamoficarTa~ institutsac gulisxmobs. es

SeiZleba yofiliyo Tanamoficari, romelsac mowinaaRmdege mxare dausaxelebda

ficis damdebs (e.w. `Segdebuli,~ `Sesaxelebuli~) da misi Secvla ar daiSveboda

(svan. `ucaada~) an iseTi Tanamoficari, romelic ficis damdebs Tavisi survilis

mixedviT SeeZlo moewvia masTan erTad Tanadamficeblad (e.w. `Seugdebeli,~

`Seusaxelebeli~). ficis namdvilobisaTvis saWiro iyo Tanamoficrebsac ficiT

daedasturebinaT damficeblis ficis WeSmariteba da Tu isini amaze uars ityodnen,

rogorc wesi, braldebuli gamtyundeboda.

● rac Seexeba procesualur fics, igi gansakuTrebiT mravalferovania svanur

samediatoro samarTalwarmoebaSi. amjerad, xazi unda gaesvas `tolobis~ da

`erTgulebis~ fics, romlebic safuZvlad udevs ficis sxva variantebs.

`tolobis fici~ mediaciis institutis qvakuTxedia. bWe-mediatorebi orive

mxares Sehficaven, rom TavianT tolad miiCneven maT da ise gansjian davas, TiTqos

TviTon TiToeuli maTganis adgilas iyvnen.

`erTgulebis fici~ ki mxareTa ficia, roმliTac isini Tanxmobas acxadeben,

aRasrulon gadawyvetileba da uyoymanod daemorCilon mas. sainteresoa

dazaralebulis pirobac: `ficis erTguli viqnebiT manamde, vidre Cveni yuriT ar

gavigonebT damnaSave mxridan dacinvas da abuCad agdebas usisxlod Serigebaze.~ es

imas niSnavs, rom SurisZiebis wminda movaleobaze uaris Tqma da Serigeba erTgvarad

uxerxulobad aRiqmeboda, amitom dazaralebuli windawinve afrTxilebda damnaSaves,

Tu ra Sedegi mohyveboda misi grZnobebis Seuracxyofas. amasTan, sagangebod usvamda

xazs im garemoebas, rom mxolod `sakuTari yuriT~ gagonils daujerebda da ara

vinmes naTqvams.

bWe-mediatorTa daficebas Zveli qarTuli samarTalic icnobs da saqarTvelos

sxva kuTxeebis (qarTli, raWa) eTnografiuli sinamdvilec.

mediaciis safexurebi

qarTul CveulebiT samarTalSi mediacia `Serigebad,~ `morigebad~ SeiZleba

yofiliyo moxsenebuli. guriaSi, magaliTad, `ori kaciT molaparakebaSi momyevio,~

ityodnen. mediacia ori stadiisgan Sedgeboda, magram isini sruli saxiT mxolod

mTaSia daculi, barSi ki xSirad Znelia maT Soris mkveTri zRvaris gavleba.

● pirveli etaps mediaciaze mxareTa daTanxmeba (`dayolieba~) anu Suamavlobis

procesi warmoadgens (svan. `limciqv~ _ mociquloba).

● meore etapi _ TviTon sasamarTlo procesia (svan. `limoorav,~ xevsur.

`rjuli~).

es ukanaskneli, rogorc wesi, saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi, ZiriTadad,

erTgvarovani iyo:

procesis pirvel stadiaze sasamarTlo Semadgenlobis gansjadobas

daqvemdebarebuli saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva xdeboda. mediatorebi upirveles yovlisa

dahkiTxavdnen mxareebs: jer mosarCeles, Semdeg _ mopasuxes. sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeebze mxareTa dapirispireba ar xdeboda. Semdeg dahkiTxavdnen mowmeebs

(SesaZloa, adgili hqonoda mowmeTa dapirispirebas). mamulze davisas, SeiZleba,

sadavo mijnebic daeTvalierebinaT, samoqalaqo saqmeebze ki _ mxareTa mier

warmodgenil dokumentebs gascnobodnen.

saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis damTavrebis Semdeg, iwyeboda meore stadia _

mediatorTa msjeloba ganaCenis dasadgenad da ganaCenis gamotana. mosamarTleTa

TaTbiri saidumlo iyo da gareSe pirTa dauswreblad mimdinareobda. dadgenili iyo

azris gamoTqmis rigiToba.

mesame stadiaze acxadebdnen ganaCens. gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis ramdenime

varianti fiqsirdeba: igi, SeiZleba, sasamarTlo procesis Catarebis adgilas

gamoecxadebinaT mxareTaTvis (cal-calke an orivesTvis erTad). SesaZloa, ganaCeni

misi gamotanidan garkveuli drois Semdeg gamoecxadebinaT mxareTaTvis maTive

ojaxebSi (calcalke an erTad) Serigebis aRmniSvneli purobisas (e.w. `sisxlis

purisWama,~ rogorc raWaSi uwodebdnen), uSualod sufraze da a.S.

meoTxe da bolo stadias ganaCenis aRsruleba warmoadgenda, raSic

monawileobas, ZiriTadad, TviT mediatorebic iRebdnen. ganaCenis aRsrulebis

dadasturebis mizniT SesaZloa werilobiTi dokumentic SeedginaT.

`samediatoro sasamarTlos~ gansjadoba

XIX-XX saukunis eTnografiuli monacemebis Tanaxmad, CveulebiT samarTalSi

`samediatoro sasamarTlosTan~ erTad davis ganxilvis farTo uflebebiT

sazogadoebis yrilobac iyo aRWurvili, amitom pirvel rigSi maTi kompetenciebi

unda gaimijnos:

sazogadoebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulebs yvela is qmedeba miekuTvneba,

romelTac TviT sazogadoeba CaTvlida misi interesebis xelmyofad da damnaSaves

TviT sazogadoeba daakisrebda pasuxismgeblobas, xolo kerZo pirTa winaaRmdeg

mimarTuli danaSaulebis ganxilvaSi sazogadoeba ar ereoda. es qmedebebi mxolod

kerZo interesebis Semlaxvelad aRiqmeboda da iwvevda dazaralebulis mxridan

SurisZiebas an miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnas.

● Temis yrilobebi ganixilavdnen sazogadoebis Ralats, sazogadoebis

Tavisuflebis xelyofas (es ZiriTadad mTis regionebs exeba), sazogadoebis piris

gatexvas, saerTo saqmisadmi Tavis aridebas, qurdobas (ZiriTadad, sistematurs),

uzneo saqciels (ukanono sqesobrivi kavSiri, mruSoba, siZva, gaupatiureba, buSis

gaCena), sazogadoebis gadawyvetilebis Seusruleblobas, eklesiis gaZarcvas

(aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi jvar-xatis gaZarcvas), sazogadoebis (Temis,

soflis) saerTo sakuTrebis xelyofas, mis ukanono eqspluatacias (moxvna, tyis

moWra), ukanono qorwinebas (naTesavTa Soris qorwineba, naTel-mironobis gatexva),

sazogadoebrivi wesrigis xSir darRvevas, uqmis gatexvas da a.S.

● `samediatoro sasamarTlo~ ganixilavda mkvlelobas, daWra-dasaxiCrebas,

qurdobas, Seuracxyofas, qonebis dazianebas, valis daubruneblobas, saojaxo

sferoSi warmoSobil davebs, ganqorwinebas, qonebriv davebs, ojaxis gayrisas qonebis

gayofasTan dakavSirebul uTanxmoebebs da a.S.

`samediatoro sasamarTlo~ mkvlelobis, daWra-dasaxiCrebisa da sxva mZime

saqmeebs aRniSnul periodSi ZiriTadad mTis regionebSi ganixilavda. baris

regionebSic aris calkeuli miniSnebebi sasisxlo saqmeTa ganxilvaze, gamonaklisis

saxiT. xolo samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilva sakmaod didi xnis manZilze yvelgan

Cveulebriv movlenas warmoadgenda.

`samediatoro sasamarTlo~ TviTmmarTvelobis organoTa kompetenciaSi ver

Caereoda, magram Temis yrilobas SeeZlo, `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ gansjadobas

mikuTnebuli saqme Tavad ganexila, Tu CaTvlida, rom es konkretuli SemTxveva

mTeli sazogadoebis interesebs xelyofda.

xevsuruli `rjulis~ gansjadoba

xevsureTis `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ gansjadoba zogadad emTxveva mTels

saqarTveloSi gavrcelebul principebs, magram amave dros, Tavisi originalurobis

da eTnografiul monacemTa simravlis gamo, SeiZleba misi calke ganxilvac.

`rjuli~ imarTeboda:

I. `dramis~ (sazRauris) odenobis dasadgenad, roca mxareebi Tavad ver

SeTanxmdebodnen _ ase xdeboda umetesad `Wra-Wrilobis~ (daWra-dasaxiCrebis)

saqmeze. am dros daWrilic da damWrelic saxezea. xSirad urTierTdaWrasac aqvs

adgili. damnaSavis dadgena saWiro araa. mediatorebma TiToeuli Wrilobis simZimis

Sesabamisi safasuri unda gansazRvron (magaliTad, Wrilobis sigrZe qeris

marcvlebiT izomeboda).

II. damnaSაvis vinaobis dasadgenad _ Tu dazaralebulis mier dasaxelebuli

eWvmitanili uaryofda samarTaldaრRvevis Cadenas da Tvlida rom mas `rjuli~ ar

daurRvevia, mediatorebs unda daedginaT, iyo Tu ara igi dazaralebulis winaSe

pasuxismgebeli. magaliTad, imave `Wra-Wrilobis~ saqmeze, unda daedginaT jgufur

CxubSi monawileTagan konkretulad vin miayena Wriloba (Tu amas yvela uaryofda),

radgan swored uSualo mimyenebels (`menaWreves~) ekisreboda `drama.~ am dros

ZiriTad mtkicebulebad fics iyenebdnen.

III. miyenebul ziansa da damdgar Sedegs Soris mizezobrivi kavSiris dasadgenad

_ magaliTad, pirma daWra meore piri, romelic garkveuli drois Semdeg

gardaicvala da dasadgeni iyo, miyenebuli WrilobiT gardaicvala igi, Tu sxva

mizeziT.

IV. qonebis mesakuTris dasadgenad, _ e.i. Tu mxareTa Soris adgili eqneboda

davas ama Tu im qonebaze (nivTze, miwaze, saqonelze) sakuTrebis uflebis Sesaxeb,

aseve, xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare davebs da a.S.

V. saqorwino-saojaxo urTierTobebis mosawesrigeblad _ ganqorwinebis,

daniSnulTa dacilebis (Tu akvanSi dainiSnen) Tu ojaxis gayofisas.

`rjuli~ mkvlelobis saqmeebze

calke unda gamoiyos mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebiT `rjulis~ Catarebis sakiTxi.

● Tu mkvlelis vinaoba sadavo ar iyo, `rjuli~ ar tardeboda, vinaidan

mkvlelobisaTvis dadgenili gadasaxadi yvelasaTvis winaswar iyo cnobili da

`dramis~ odenobas dava ar SeeZlo gamoewvia, radgan mniSvneloba ar hqonda

mkvleloba ganzrax moxda Tu ganzraxvis gareSe (`gizmaobiT~ Tu `iSobriv~),

gadasaxadi mainc erTi iyo. amitom mediatorTa Sekrebas azri ar hqonda da

`rjulic~ ar imarTeboda. mkvlelobis saqmeebs xevsureTSi Suakacebi agvarebdnen da

ara `rjulis kacebi~ (mediator-mosamarTleTa kolegia).

● magram zogierT mkvlelobaze `rjuli~ aucileblad tardeboda:

I. roca damnaSave ucnobi iyo da arsebobda eWvi konkretul pirovnebaze,

romelic braldebas uaryofda, swored `rjuls~ unda gamoevlina mkvleli. mis

organizebas Suakacebi uzrunvelyofdnen, radgan mkvlelobaSi eWvic ki, romelic

gafantuli araa, sakmarisi safuZveli iyo moklulisa da eWvmitanilis gvarebs Soris

mtrobis Camosagdebad. aseT dros an Wirisufali SeuTvlida eWvmitanils, rom

`irjulon~ (radgan is hgonia mkvleli), an kidev eWvmitanili gaigebda, rom

mkvlelobas abralebdnen da Tavad SeuTvlida Wirisufals, rom `irjulon~ (radgan

igi tyuilad swamebs cils).

II. SesaZloa, jgufur CxubSi gardacvliliyo pirovneba, romlis sikvdilsac

monawileni erTmaneTs abralebdnen. aseT drosac `rjuls~ unda gamoevlina

sasikvdilo Wrilobis mimyeneblis vinaoba.

III. gvarebs Soris arsebuli SurisZiebaTa jaWvi, romelic orive mxridan

ramdenime mkvlelobas da daWra-dasaxiCrebas Seicavda, aseve saWiroebda `dramis~

odenobis zustad gansazRvras swored `rjulis~ meSveobiT.

IV. `rjuli~ SeiZleba maSinac Catarebuliyo, Tuki gardacvlili aravis

mouklavs, magram mopasuxes garkveuli kavSiri mainc hqonda mis sikvdilTan.

magaliTad, Tu erTi pirovneba meores Tan waiyvanda an sadme gagzavnida da is gzaze

gardaicvleboda, `samarTlebrivi garantis~ rolSi gamodioda is, vinac

gardacvlili gzad gaiyola an rameze gaaგzavna.

mxareTa urTierTmorigeba

modave mxareebs SeiZleba saerTod ar gaemarTaT `samediatoro sasamarTlo~ da

sxvisi Carevis gareSe morigebuliyvnen.

● svaneTSi amas e.w. `ulufxvilod~ Serigeba erqva: damnaSave `maxvSis~ (soflis

mamasaxlisi) piriT SeuTvlida dazaralebuls, rom stumrad mobrZanebuliyo

saxlikacebiTa da naTesavebiT. es miwveva niSani iyo, rom saxlidan dausaCuqrebels

aravis gauSvebdnen. xevsureTSi am process `Taopirad~ Serigebas (fSavSi, `bodiSis

moxdiT Serigebas~) uwodebdnen: Tu TviTon mxareebi SeTanxmdebodnen, ra safasuri

unda gadaexada damnaSaves, maT e.w. `saSuakacoc~ (SuakacTa gasamrjelo) ar

daexarjebodaT. aWaraSic fiqsirdeba msgavsi SemTxvevebi da Tanac sakmaod

originaluri formiT: magaliTad, mkvlelis mamam kiserze TokCabmuli Svili

moklulis ojaxs miuyvana, sityvebiT: `ZaRli mogiyvane, rac ginda is uyavio,~ razec

Wirisufals uTqvams: `raxan ase gaakeTe, mipatiebia sisxlio~ da Serigebulan.

● svanur masalebSi mediatorTa gareSe morigebis kidev erTi SemTxveva

fiqsirdeba. e.w. `ficiT morigeba~ _ dazaralebuli uSualod eWvmitanilisgan

moiTxovda ficiT Tavis marTlebas da, Tu es ukanaskneli daificebda, mxareTa Soris

konfliqti sruldeboda. magaliTad, qurdobis SemTxvevaSi, dazaralebuli mTels

sofelSi Camoatarebda xats da yvela ojaxidan TiTo srulwlovan mamakacs

daaficebda, rom arc TviTon, arc misi ojaxis wevrebma araferi icodnen da arc

maTi xeli eria am saqmeSi. ficiT morigeba sxva kuTxeebSic fiqsirdeba SedarebiT

martiv saqmeebze.

`samediatoro sasamarTlos~ gareSe morigeba

● `xevsuruli rjuli~ icnobs SuakacTa (`kacSuakacT~) Serigebas _ es is

SemTxvevaa, roca Suakacebi `rjulis~ gamarTvis gareSe arigebdnen mxareebs.

SuakacTa roli gansakuTrebiT didi iyo mkvlelobis saqmeebze (rogorc ukve

aRiniSna, roca mkvlelis vinaoba sadavo araa, `rjuli~ ar imarTeba, radgan sisxlis

fasi isedac yvelasTvis cnobilia). swored isini xvdebodnen saklaviT mkvlelobis

Semdeg mkvlelis saxl-karis dasarbevad wamosul moklulis gvars da axerxebdnen,

moklulis ojaxis e.w. `rigis yenebaze,~ `pirSesamyrelosa~ da `Tavis gaTavebaze~

daTanxmebas. am dros `garjulva~ ar xdeboda. es iyo mediaciis xangrZlivi procesi,

romelic SeiZleba ramdenime Tve da welic gagrZelebuliyo da gulisxmobda

yovelwliurad, daTqmul dRes, moklulis ojaxisaTvis `mexelis~ (mkvlelis) mier

SuakacTa meSveobiT saklavis gagzavnas. moklulis dakrZalvamde agzavnidnen e.w.

`miwadSei~ anu `miwad Sesvlis~ saklavs, Suakacebis yovel misvlas saklavis (e.w.

`asamtexlo~) miyvana axlda (e.i. Suakacebi `autexaven~ dazaralebul mxares, rom

Serigebas dasTanxmdes). amas emateboda sxvadasxva gadasaxadi:, mkvlelis ojaxis

wevrebis, biZaSvilebis Semorigebis, sagvaro, saZmo, sadedo, samamo, sado da a.S.

TiToeuli maTgani saklavs gulisxmobda. sul bolos xdeboda `Tavis gaTaveba~ _

ZiriTadad, mkvlelis gardacvalebis Semdeg (SesaZloa, danaSaulis aqtidan ramdenime

aTeuli wlis gasvlis merec), raTa maT STamomavlebSi aRar gagrZelebuliyo

SurisZieba da mtroba. Serigebis niSnad balaxis ganaskvul Reroze Suakaci da

mxareebi simbolurad fexs adgamdnen.

Suakacebi Tu moaxerxebdnen, sxva saqmeebzedac (roca ar iyo gaurkvevloba

`dramis~ odenobasTan dakavSirebiT, an braldebulis damnaSaveoba ar iyo sadavo)

`rjulis~ gareSe arigebdnen mxareebs. zogjer daWris saqmeze Suakacebi `rjulis

kacebs~ arc Seyridnen da ise miataninebdnen `dramas.~ Serigebis miRwevis SemTxvevaSi

Suakacebs gasamrjelod eZleodaT TiTo Zroxaze naxevari cxvari saqonlis

gamRebisgan, xolo erTi cxvari _ mimRebisgan.

● am wess enaTesaveba svanuri e.w. `lufxvilebis~ daxmarebiT Serigebac, romelic

iseT msubuq saqmeebze gamoiyeneboda, romelsac SurisZieba ar mohyveboda.

`lufxvilebs~ dazaralebuli daasaxelebda, xolo saqmis ganxilvaze maT

daTanxmebas damnaSave uzrunvelyofda. isini Suakacebi iyvnen, romlebic momrigebeli

mosamarTleebis msgavs funqciebs asrulebdnen. garda `lufxvilebiT~ Serigebisa,

svanuri CveulebiTi samarTali icnobs SemTxvevebs (ZiriTadad msubuq saqmeebze),

roca mxareebs mxolod Suakacebi arigeben yovelgvari `samediatoro sasamarTlos~

gamarTvis gareSe.

fSavSic dasturdeba Suakacebis mier davis sabolood gadawyveta ise, rom

sasamarTlo ar imarTeboda da isini ojaxebSi misvla-mosvliT amowuravdnen yvela

gaugebrobas.

SuakacTa meSveobiT morigeba saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSic fiqsirdeba. metic,

zogan `samediatoro sasamarTlo~ da Suamavlobis procesi damoukidebel stadiebs

arc ki warmoadgenda da mosamarTle-mediatorsa da Suakacs Soris funqciebi

mkacrad gamijnuli arc iyo. Tumca, vinaidan mTis masalebi yvelaze arqaul plasts

Seicavs, Tamamad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom Zveli qarTuli samarTali samediatoro

procesamde swored Suamavlobas mimarTavda da, Tu am etapze miiRweoda mediaciis

mizani (mxareTa Serigeba), maSin sasamarTlo aRarc iyo saWiro. meore SemTxvevaSi ki

_ Tuki Suakacebi mxareebs ver Searigebdnen, magram `samediatoro sasamarTlos~

gamarTvaze daiTanxmebdnen, es xom mainc konsensusisken gadadgmuli pirveli nabiji

da mediaciis pirveli warmateba iyo.

mxareTa Tanxmoba `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ gamarTvaze

Tuki mosamarTle uflebamosilia, mxolod erTi mxaris mimarTvis SemTxvevaSic

ganixilos dava, mediatorTa kolegia mxolod orive mxaris Tanxvedri nebis

arsebobisas arCevs saqmes, romelic, adaTis Tanaxmad, mis gansjadobas ganekuTvneba.

swored amitom pirveli etapi, riTac zogadad iwyeboda `samediatoro

samarTalwarmoeba,~ am ukanasknelze mxareTa Tanxmobis miRweva gaxldaT.

svanur masalebSi sami SemTxveva gvxdeba:

● mcire mniSvnelobis saqmeebze (mag.: ojaxis gayra, qonebis gayofa), SesaZloa,

mxareebs erToblivad gamoevlinaT iniciativa, rom maTi dava mediatorebis

daxmarebiT mogvarebuliyo. analogiuri wesi gvxvdeba saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela

kuTxeSi.

● im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqme imdenad rTuli da mZime iyo, rom mxareTa

Serigebas piri ar uCanda, xolo SurisZiebasa da msxverpls _ bolo, Sewuxebuli

Temi `maxvSis~ TaosnobiT Seikribeboda da daadgenda: Tu mxareebi ar Serigdebodnen,

maT mimarT gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebi iqneboda gamoyenebuli. analogiuri

principi saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSic moqmedebda, magaliTad, qarTl-kaxeTSi

Semonaxuli wesiT, Tu ojaxis wevrebi gayofis win mediatorebze ver

SeTanxmdebodnen, maSin maT saxalxo yriloba daniSnavda. aWaraSi ki aseT dros

saqmeSi Caereoda begi, romelic saqmis garCevas neitralur pirs daavalebda.

● yvelaze tipur SemTxvevas warmoadgenda Suakacebis (e.w. `mecqular~) meSveobiT

mxareTa daTanxmeba Serigebaze. mociqulebi avtoritetuli da pirovnuli TvisebebiT

gamorCeuli xalxi iyo, romlebic gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT da SesaSuri

diplomatiiT udgebodnen TavianT wminda movaleobas. erTmaneTis pozicias

Serbilebulad gadascemdnen mxareebs da yovelnairad cdilobdnen

dapirispirebulTa Serigebaze daTanxmebas. saqme is aris, rom SurisZiebis

movaleobaze uaris Tqma da sisxlis auRebloba svaneTSi mTeli gvaris

Seuracxyofad ivleboda. sanam sircxvils ar Camoirecxdnen, manamde vinmesTan

xmamaRla dalaparakebisac eridebodaT, raTa mas ar wamoeyvedrebina: `Se sisxlis

auReblis Sviloo.~ sisxlis aRebis Semdeg ki mTeli sanaTesavo erTad ikribeboda da

zeimobda. amitom pirvel xanebSi gansakuTrebiT Zneli iyo WirisufalTan Serigebaze

saubari. Suamavlebi jer salaparakod miRebaze iTanxmebdnen dazaralebuls, Semdeg

ki, araerTi vizitis Sedegad, TandaTanobiT morigebisadmi dadebiTad ganawyobdnen.

gamorCeulad didi iyo Suamavlebis roli xevsureTSi. isini uzrunvelyofdnen

ara mxolod `rjulis~ Catarebaze mxareTa daTanxmebas, aramed, rogorc ukve iTqva,

maT `rjulis~ gareSec SeeZloT moSuRlarTa Serigeba. `kacSuakacni~ yovelnairad

cdilobdnen mxareTa Serigebaze daTanxmebas, rac niSnavda dazaralebulis mxridan

SurisZiebaze uaris Tqmas, mopasuxis mxridan ki _ dazaralebulis moTxovnis

dakmayofilebaze mzaobas. `rjulis~ Tanaxmad, Tu urTierTdaWras hqonda adgili,

orive mxare agzavnida Suakacebs, xolo Tu mxolod erT mxares iyo ziani _

damWreli. dazaralebuls SeeZlo, ar mieRo Suakacebi da uari eTqva Serigebaze,

amitom Suakacebs xSirad araerTi viziti sWirebodaT moqiSpeTa gulis mosalbobad.

metad sainteresoa fSavSi daculi cnobebic, romlis Tanaxmad, xSirad

mkvlelis ojaxi Suakacad iseTi ojaxis wevrebs gzavnida, romlebmac adre Tavad

apaties sxvebs maTi ojaxis wevris mkvleloba.

sayuradReboa, rom `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ gamarTvaze mxareTa Tanxmoba

saqarTvelos bevr kuTxeSi zogjer werilobiTac formdeboda.

mediatorTa arCevis wesi

svaneTSi garigebaze daTanxmebis Semdeg mxareebi konkretulad SearCevdnen

sasurvel mosamarTleebs. Tavdapirvelad maT dazaralebuli daasaxelebda

(mkvlelobis saqmeze _ Wirisufali) da mociqulebi mopasuxes SeuTanxmebdnen mis

vinaobas. am ukanasknelis mier dasaxelebul kandidatebs ki dazaralebulis ojaxs

moaxsenebdnen. Tu mxareebi ver SeTanxmdebodnen, sasamarTlos dakompleqteba

SeiZleba mociqulebisTvis miendoT. zogjer mociqulebs daaficebdnen kidec, rom es

ukanasknelni miukerZoebel, neitralur da saqmis mcodne pirebs SearCevdnen.

SeiZleba, mediatorad TviTon Suamavalic aerCiaT, Tumca, xSirad, mociqulebi

mxareTa morigebaze dayoliebis Semdeg process eTiSebodnen. xevsureTSic

dasturdeba `kacSuakacis~ `rjulis kacad~ transformirebis wesi. mxareebs SeeZloT

rogorc yvela Suakacis, ise maTi nawilis arCeva sasamarTlo kolegiis wevrebad.

sainteresoa, rom xevsureTSi Zvelad `rjulis kacis~ mxareTa mier arCeva

garkveul uxerxulobas qmnida da erTgvar sircxviladac miiCneoda (`mxdalni

ariano, ityvis xalxi~), radgan mamakacs SurisZiebaze uari ar unda eTqva da

morigebisTvis Tavisi iniciativiT ar unda miemarTa. am mizezis gamo, modaveebi

ZiriTadad, Suakacebs andobdnen xolme mosamarTleTa arCevis sakiTxs. Tanac,

Suakacebi ukeT icnobdnen im pirebs, romelTac `rjulis kacoba~ xelewifebodaT.

mogvianebiT ki mosamarTleTa sakuTari iniciativiT arCeva sircxvilad aRar

miiCneoda da mxareebi an TviTon irCevdnen `rjulis kacebs,~ an kvlav uwindeburad

Suamavlebs gadaabarebdnen am movaleobas. es ki, svaneTis msgavsad, maSin xdeboda,

roca esa Tu is mxare mowinaaRmdegis mier arCeul mosamarTleebs acilebas miscemda.

cxadia, Suakacebis mier arCeuli kandidatisTvisac SeeZloT acilebis micema, magram

ZiriTadad mxareebi am arCevans eTanxmebodnen xolme.

xazi unda gaesvas imas, rom arc svaneTSi da arc xevsureTSi Suamavlebs ar

SeeZloT mediatorTa sakuTari iniciativiT dasaxeleba. maT mxolod mxareTagan

delegirebuli ufleba gaaCndaT am sakiTxze.

mediatoris acileba da TviTacileba

rogorc wesi, mediatori ar SeiZleboda, romelime mxaris mteri an mokeTe

yofiliyo.

xevsureTSi pirdapir ikrZaleboda `rjulis kacad~ modave mxaris

`mamiSvilobis~ wevris mowveva. igive wesi fiqsirdeba xevsa da saqarTvelos yvela im

kuTxeSi, sadac `samediatoro sasamarTlo~ rTul saqmeebze iRebs gadawyvetilebas.

cxadia, aseTi SezRudva zogierT samoqalaqo davaze araTu ar vrceldeboda, aramed

piriqiT _ ojaxis gayrisas, magaliTad, qonebis gamyofebad, ZiriTadad, swored

naTesavebs, mezoblebsa da mokeTeebs iwvevdnen.

svaneTSi miRebuli wesiT, Tu erTi mxaris mier SerCeuli kandidati meore

mxarisTvis miuRebeli persona aRmoCndeboda, igi mas acilebas miscemda. acilebulis

nacvlad sxva vinme unda daesaxelebinaT da mociqulebi mis kandidaturasac

SeuTanxmebdnen ukmayofilo mxares. ase grZeldeboda sasamarTlo Semadgenlobis

srul dakompleqtebamde. acilebis ufleba dafiqsirebulia imereTSic, samoqalaqo

da saojaxo tipis davebze. xevSi ki, rogorc amas al. yazbegis nawarmoebebidan da

eTnografiuli masalebidan vigebT, mediatori TviTacilebasac mimarTavda xolme.

mediatoris Tvisebebi

baris regionebSi samoqalaqo davebze (mijnaze ciloba, pirutyvis mier

naTesebis dazianeba, ojaxis gayra da qonebis gayofa), SesaZloa, mediatorad

mezoblebi, naTesavebi da axloblebi moewviaT. magaliTad, aWaraSi ojaxis gayrisas

dedis Zmebs iwvevdnen xolme. bunebrivia, aseT dros mediatoris Tvisebebs didi

mniSvneloba hqonda, magram ara iseTi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba, rogoric _

mTaSi, sadac mas ara mxolod samoqalaqo, aramed _ umZimesi sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeebic unda ganexila.

amitom saqarTvelos mTaSi mosamarTlis pirovnul Tvisebebs gansakuTrebuli

sifrTxiliT amowmebdnen. svaneTSi, magaliTad, SeiZleba, mTels sofelSi erTi

morevic ar aRmoCeniliyo. marTalia, Teoriulad, mediatorobis ufleba yvela

srulwlovan mamakacs hqonda, magram sinamdvileSi mosamarTled mxolod saTanado

TvisebebiT dajildoebul adamians irCevdnen. morevi avtoritetul, sando,

samarTlian da patiosan kacad iyo cnobili. igi Wkviani, mcodne, dakvirvebuli,

morwmune da RvTismoSiSi pirovneba unda yofiliyo, rac miukerZoebeli da

obieqturi ganaCenis gamotanis winapirobad miiCneoda. maT xalxi iseTi mowiwebiT

uyurebda, rogorc saRmrTo pirebs: `morevebi RvTisgan gaCenilni ariano.~ svanebi

Tvlidnen, rom samarTlianoba yvela adamianisaTvis sulac ar iyo damaxasiaTebeli

da igi RvTisgan boZebul gansakuTrebul niWs warmoadgenda.

analogiuri damokidebuleba iyo mediatorTa mimarT xevsureTSic, sadac,

xalxis dakvirvebiT, `rjulis kacad~ mxolod is SeiZleboda gamxdariyo, visac

bavSvobidanve amis niWi aRmoaCndeboda da yuradRebiT imaxsovrebda uxucesTa

saubars. Tuki mas mWevrmetyvelebisa da diplomatiis unarsac SeamCnevdnen, aseT

axalgazrdas moxucebi `rjulSic~ daiswrebdnen xolme Tavdapirvelad martivi

saqmeebis `garjulvisas,~ Semdeg ki _ rTul da mZime SemTxvevebzec. ase

TandaTanobiT yalibdeboda momavali `rjulis kaci.~

imave Tvisebebis matareblebi unda yofiliyvnen `Temis kacebi~ xevSi, rac ara

mxolod eTnografiul masalebSi, aramed al. yazbegis `elgujaSi~ TiTqmis

dokumenturi sizustiT gadmocemul samediatoro procesSic naTlad Cans:

`Seyriliyvnen Temis kacebi, romelTac sisxlis samarTali unda gadaewyvitaT...

yvelani joxebiT, TmawvergaTeTrebulni, isxdnen skamzed da damSvidebul-

darbaislurad sjidnen am samwuxaro SemTxvevas. erTi, yvelaze ufrosi, asrulebda

Tavmjdomaris movaleobas da danarCenebi iseTis krZalviTa da pativiscemiT

ekidebodnen mas, rom kaci gaSterebuli darCeboda.~

mediatoris Tanxmoba

mTavari sirTule, romelic svaneTSi modaveebs kandidatTa SerCevis Semdeg unda

gadaelaxaT, SerCeuli pirebis mediatorobaze daTanxmeba iyo. morevobas yvela svani

maqsimalurad erideboda, radgan Tvlidnen, rom araswori gadawyvetilebis

gamotanisgan, Tundac uneburad, aravin iyo dazRveuli da vai, Tu maTi samarTali

RvTis winaSe sulac ar iyo obieqturi. amitom, Tu vinme winaswar Seityobda, rom

misi morevad arCeva surdaT, igi yvelanairad cdilobda mxareebs Tu mociqulebs

morideboda da mosamarTleobis mZime tvirTisgan rogorme Tavi daeRwia.

am dabrkolebis gadasalaxad svanebi erT xerxs iyenebdnen: eklesiidan

gamoitandnen raime sakralur nivTs (xSirad, saydris klites), Sevidodnen im saxlSi,

sadac morevad asarCevi piri egulebodaT da cdilobdnen, rogorme xeli

moekidebinaT am nivTisaTvis, ris Semdegac mediatorobaze uaris Tqma ukve

SeuZlebeli iyo, radgan amas, svanebis azriT, RvTis risxva mohyveboda.

xevsureTSi, `rjulis kacebi~ maTi arCevis Sesaxeb rom Seityobdnen, umetes

SemTxvevaSi, uars ar ambobdnen am wminda movaleobaze, vinaidan dapirisპიrebuli

mxareebis morigeba samarTlian da keTilSobilur saqmed miiCneoda. cxadia,

avadmyofobas an sxva obieqtur mizezs SeeZlo maTi uaric gamoewvia. analogiuri

damokidebuleba fiqsirdeba xevSic, sadac `Temis kacebi~ rogorc wesi, Suamavlobasa

da samediatoro saqmiswarmoebaSi monawileobis miRebaze SedarebiT iolad

Tanxmdebodnen.

mediatorTa raodenoba da Tanafardoba

svanuri samediatoro sasamarTlo minimum 2 (TiTo kaci orive mxridan) da

maqsimum _ 24 kacisgan Sedgeboda.

morevTa raodenoba pirdapir-proporciulad iyo damokidebuli gansaxilveli

saqmis sirTuleze, Tumca yofila SemTxvevebi, roca erTi da imave kategoriis

saqmeze sxvadasxva raodenobis morevebi aurCeviaT. mkvlelobis saqmeze, rogorc wesi,

12 morevi ikribeboda, magram SesaZloa maTi odenoba naklebic yofiliyo. mediatorTa

maqsimaluro raodenoba gansakuTrebiT gaxmaurebuli SurisZiebis saqmeebze

ikribeboda, romelsac uamravi adamianis sicocxle emsxverpla. aznauris (e.w.

`vargis~) mkvlelobasac 24 morevi ganixilavda.

arCevis ori wesi fiqsirdeba:

● Tanabari odenobiT arCeva _ uZvelesi da mTels saqarTveloSi yvelaze metad

gavrcelebuli principi. igi gvxvdeba TuSeTSi, fSavSi, raWaSi, leCxumSi, guriaSi,

samegreloSi, imereTSi, qarTl-kaxeTsa da aWaraSi.

● araTanabari odenobiT arCeva _ SedarebiT gviandeli principi, romelic Tavis

mxriv or SemTxvevas moicavs:

I. upiratesoba dazaralebulis mxaresaa _ dazaralebuli mxare (mag.:

mkvlelobis dros, moklulis ojaxi) irCevs ufro meti raodenobis morevs, vidre

damnaSave.

II. mTlianad dazaralebuli mxare asaxelebs yvela morevs, xolo damnaSave

`moiZiebs~ maT _ es wesi yvelaze ufro gviandelia (kalis sazogadoebaSi SemoiRes

XX saukuneSi).

Tuki SuRlis dros sapasuxo mkvlelobasac hqonda adgili, mxareebi, ase vTqvaT,

`Tanabar~ mdgomareobaSi iyvnen, rac Serigebas aiolebda. xolo roca marto erTi

mxare gamodioda dazaralebulis rolSi, damnaSave daTmobaze midioda, raTa

dazaralebuls ufro iolad eTqva uari SurisZiebaze. `daTmoba~ pirobiTia, vinaidan

ganaCeni rTul saqmeebze erTxmad miiReboda da mniSvneloba ar hqonda morevTa

Tanafardobas. maSinac ki, roca kolegias mTlianad dazaralebuli asaxelebda,

morevTa piruTvnelobaSi eWvs veravin Seitanda. gamoricxulia, svanur CveulebiT

samarTalSi warmoSobiliyo wesi, romelic vinmes ganaCenis obieqturobaSi daeWvebis

sababs miscemda: Tu damnaSave dainaxavda, rom, dazaralebulis mier meti morevis

dasaxeleba ganaCenis obieqturobas safrTes uqmnida, cxadia, is `samediatoro

sasamarTlos~ arCevas ar daTanxmdeboda, magram vinaidan aseTi ram ar xdeboda,

swored amitom fiqsirdeba dazaralebulis mier meti morevis arCevis faqtebi.

`samediatoro sasamarTlos~ funqcia svaneTSi uaRresad mniSvnelovani iyo da aravin

dauSvebda am meqanizmis moSlas. piriqiT, es wesi garkveulwilad dazaralebulis

guls amSvidebda da mis motivaciaSi arsebul morigebis survils ganamtkicebda.

xevsureTSi SesaZloa, `rjuli~ erT kacsac gaemarTa (qarTlSic fiqsirdeba

aseTi ram), magram xevsurTa umetesi nawilis SexedulebiT, am SemTxvevaSi igi ufro

Suakacia, vidre `rjulis kaci,~ radgan `garjulvisTvis~ (e.i. msjelobisTvis,

bWobisTvis) ori kaci mainc iyo saWiro. saqmis simZimidan gamomdinare, `rjulis

kacebi~ SeiZleba 3-dan 6-mde (mcire saqmeze) an 10-dan 15-mdec (rTul SemTxvevebze)

moewviaT.

`rjulis kacebs,~ rogorc wesi, mxareebi Tanabari raodenobiT asaxelebdnen,

Tumca arc araTanabari odenobiT dasaxeleba iyo ucxo. vin ramdens daasaxelebda, es

SeTanxmebaze iyo damokidebuli. privilegias aqac dazaralebuls aniWebdnen xolme.

Tumca, xSirad dazaralebuli am privilegiaze uars acxadebda, raTa ganaCenis

obieqturobaSi eWvi aravis Seetana.

`rjulis kacTa~ raodenoba SeiZleba luwic yofiliyo da kentic, Tumca es

ukanaskneli yovelTvis ar niSnavda imas, rom romelime mxarem meti mosamarTle

daasaxela _ roca `rjulis kacebs~ Suamavlebi irCevdnen, maTi odenoba SeiZleba

kentic yofiliyo ise, rom isini mxareebis mier ar yofiliyvnen dasaxelebuli. magram

amas arc xevsureTSi hqonda gadamwyveti mniSvneloba, radgan ganaCenis gamotana

aucileblad erTsulovnad unda momxdariyo (winaaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo

kolegia gadawyvetilebis miuReblad daiSleboda). amas garda, `rjulis kacTa~

pirovnuli Tvisebebi maTi miukerZoeblobis umTavres garantias warmoadgenda.

mediatorTa raodenobasTan dakavSirebiT gasaTvaliswinebelia kidev erTi

specifika:

ojaxis gayofisas, mTels saqarTveloSi, rogorc wesi, an imdeni mediatori

airCeoda, ramdeni ojaxis wevric iyreboda da isini kidev urTierTSeTanxmebiT

ufros mediatorsac irCevdnen, an kidev _ mxareebi yvela mediators

urTierTSeTanxmebiT irCevdnen.

ufrosi mediatori

ufrosi mediatoris instituti saqarTvelos bevr kuTxeSi fiqsirdeba. xSirad,

roca mxareebi Tav-Tavis mediators (an mediatorebs) daasaxelebdnen, amis Semdeg

urTierTSeTanxebiT irCevdnen ufros mediators, (igive, `zedamxedvel~ mediators,

`umTavres~ mediators) romelic neitralurobisa da obieqturobis

uzrunvelmyoflad da kolegiis Tavmjdomared miiCneoda. aseTi dakompleqtebis wesi

gvxvdeba raWaSi, leCxumSi, guriaSi, samegrelosa da imereTSi.

qarTlsa da aWaraSi, marTalia, mediatorebs mxareebi Tanabari raodenobiT

irCevdnen, magram aq ar gvxvdeba ufrosi mediatori.

svanuri adaTi gansakuTrebiT mZime da rTul (rogorc wesi, mkvlelobis)

saqmeebze mediatorTa kent odenobas awesebda da mxareebic e.w. `nesgamezi mares~

igive, `nesgaCu megnes~ (zogierTgan igive `muwver,~ `muwevr~) irCevdnen. zogjer,

ufros mediators mxareTa mier Tanabari raodenobiT arCeuli morevebi Tavad

irCevdnen, xolo, zogierTi monacemiT, mas dazaralebuli asaxelebda da damnaSaves

acilebis ufleba ar hqonda.

ufrosi morevi xanSiSesuli, adaTis mcodne da gamocdili pirovneba unda

yofiliyo, romelsac `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ Tavmjdomaris roli eniWeboda da

Cveulebriv morevTan SedarebiT meti uflebebiT sargeblobda: is ar unda Careuliyo

morevTa Soris wamoWril davaSi da xeli ar unda SeeSala kamaTisaTvis. bolos ki

Seejamebina yvelas azri da `samediatoro sasamarTlosaTvis~ Tavisi Sexeduleba

moexsenebina. sasjelis gansazRvrisas saboloo sityva mas eTqmoda. didi mniSvneloba

eniWeboda mis azrs maSinac, roca mediatorTa Soris winaaRmdegoba iyo _ igi

winaaRmdegobis Serbilebas da saqmis mSvidobianad mogvarebas cdilobda.

zogierT TemSi ufros morevs ufleba hqonda, mediatorTa mier dadgenili

ganaCeniT gansazRvruli sazRauris garda, mopasuxe mxarisaTvis damatebiT garkveuli

Tanxac daekisrebina.

mediatorTa gasamrjelo

svanur samarTalSi morevTa saqmianobisaTvis dawesebuli iyo garkveuli

gasamrjelo: `lerqvaSi,~ `nanbanieli~ (igive `naRvrieli~) da aTisTavi.

`lerqvaSi~ 3 maneTis Rirebulebis nivTi gaxldaT, romelsac morevebi ganaCenis

gamotanis Semdeg, oRond mis gamocxadebamde iRebdnen, xolo `nanbaniel-naRvriels~

mxareebi morevTa xatze daficebisaTvis erTi maneTis odenobiT ixdidnen. Tu

morevebs orive mxare erTdroulad aficebda, Tanxas solidarulad gainawilebdnen,

xolo Tu calcalke daaficebdnen (roca modaveni sxvadasxva TemSi cxovrobdnen da

morevebi sxvadasxva taZarSi mihyavdaT dasaficeblad), maSin TiToeul mxares

srulad unda gadaexada gasamrjelo. rac Seexeba aTisTavs, igi dazaralebulisaTvis

damnaSavis mier gadasaxdeli sisxlis safasuris (e.w. `woris~) meaTedia.

xSirad mediatorebi uars ambobdnen gasamrjelos miRebaze, gansakuTrebiT maSin,

roca modaveni xelmokle ojaxebs warmoadgendnen.

`rjulis kacTa~ gasamrjelos xevsuruli samarTalic icnobs. isini iRebdnen

Zroxaze TiTo cxvars. rogorc wesi, mdidari kacisgan _ srulad, xolo Tu

mowinaaRmdegeebi Raribebi iyvnen, an sul arafers gamoarTmevdnen, an mxolod mcired

gasamrjelos. SeiZleba, aRebuli gasamrjelo xatisTvisac SeewiraT. gasamrjelos

odenoba pirdapirproporciuli iyo ganaCenis simZimisa. rac ufro meti `dramis~

gadaxdas daakisrebdnen damnaSaves, miT meti gasamrjelos miRebis ufleba hqondaT

mxareTagan. Tu rjuli uSedegod damTavrdeboda (Tavad daiSlebodnen

SeuTanxmeblobis gamo, an mxare ar daTanxmdeboda gamotanil `narjulevs~), xevsuri

mediatorebi gasamrjelos ver miiRebdnen.

qarTl-kaxeTSi, sadac mediatorebi ZiriTadad qonebis gayofaze moiwveodnen,

maTTvis aseve dadgenili iyo gasamrjelo, xolo raWaSi, ojaxis gayofis saqmeebze

mowveul mediatorebs ganacduri dReebis asanazRaureblad mxareebi Tavisi

surviliT aZlevdnen naturiT Txas, Rors an raime nivTs, Tumca, TviTon Suakacebs

gasamrjelos moTxovnis ufleba ar hqondaT. msgavsi wesi fiqsirdeba imereTSic,

sadac gaweuli garjisaTvis mediatorebi saCuqars iRebdnen, miT umetes, Tu didi

qoneba iyofoda da mxareebs hqondaT gasamrjelos micemis saSualeba. Tu qonebis

gayofas didi dro ar dasWirdeboda da, Tu ojaxic xelmokle iyo, mediators

gasamrjelos ar aZlevdnen.

sasamarTlo procesis adgili da dro

xevsurul samarTalSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda `rjulis~

Catarebis adgils _ igi iseT teritoriaze unda gamarTuliyo, rom arcerT mxares ar

hqonoda privilegia:

● Tu modaveni erTi soflis mcxovrebni iyvnen, `rjuli~ xatis karze

tardeboda. orive mxare morigeobiT aq mividoda `rjulis kacebTan~ an, SesaZloa,

erTi (rogorc wesi, damnaSave) xatis karze daebarebinaT, meoresTan ki (rogorc wesi,

dazaralebulTan) Tavad misuliyvnen Sin.

● Tu mxareebi sxvadasxva soflis mcxovrebni iyvnen, `rjuli~ e.w. `sasworSi~ _

am or sofels Soris Sua adgilas unda gamarTuliyo (Tu or mezobel sofelSi

cxovrobdnen, procesi sazRvarze gaimarTeboda).

xSirad rjuli WalaSi, wylis piras, goraze an mTis wverze imarTeboda.

mowinaaRmdege mxareebi ise ganlagdebodnen, rom erTmaneTi ar daenaxaT da saubari

ar moesminaT. es mxareTa Serigebis mizans emsaxureboda, raTa Cvenebis micemisas

mxaris mier warmoTqmul mouzomav sityvas morigebis procesisaTvis ar evno.

`rjuli~ rogorc wesi, SabaT-kviras imarTeboda. zogjer RamiT, raTa

dapirispirebuli mxareebi erTmaneTs ar Sexvedrodnen da mosamarTleebic saRamos

ufro moiclidnen `rjulisTvis,~ Tumca es wesi mkacrad reglamentirebuli ar

yofila da `rjuli~ dRisiTac SeiZleba gamarTuliyo. adaTis Tanaxmad, bWoba

swrafad unda dasrulebuliyo da or-sam dReze meti ar dasWireboda.

svanur masalebSi ki samediatoro samarTalwarmoebis gansxvavebul wess

vxvdebiT: sasamarTlo kolegia, rogorc wesi, yovelTvis TviTon midis TiToeuli

mxaris ojaxSi (iseve rogorc, manamde mociqulebi) da adgilze iRebs Cvenebebs.

`limoravi~ svaneTSic, ZiriTadad, SabaT-kviras imarTeboda.

mxareTa da mowmeTa dakiTxva

am sakiTxs xevsureTis magaliTze ganvixilavT:

rogorc ukve iTqva, mxareebs erTmaneTisgan moSorebiT dasxamdnen. pirvel

rigSi, `kacSuakacebs~ gamohkiTxavdnen saqmis viTarebas. mxareTa Cvenebis

CamosarTmevad TviTon mediatorebi mividodnen jer erTTan, Semdeg _ meoresTan.

mosarCele da mopasuxe erTmaneTs ar xvdeboda. mxareebTan erTad process maTi axlo

naTesavebic eswrebodnen da SesaZloa, romelime maTgans, ufro mWevrmetyvels,

modavis nacvladac elaparaka.

rogorc wesi, `rjulis kacebi~ jer momCivans gamohkiTxavdnen, Semdeg _

mopasuxes (igive principi dasturdeba yvela kuTxeSi), xolo Tuki orive mxare

erTdroulad momCivanic iyo da mopasuxec, maSin gamokiTxvis rigiTobas wilisyriT

adgendnen da pirvelad `wiliT namargalTan~ (e.i. nargebTan) mividodnen.

`rjulis kacebi~ erT-erT mediators daavalebdnen mxareTa Cvenebebis

mowinaaRmdege mxarisaTvis sityvasityviT gadacemas. Tu mas raime detali

gamorCeboda, sxvebic mieSvelebodnen azris srulyofilad formulirebaSi.

mediatorebi SeZlebisdagvarad arbilebdnen mxareTa gamonaTqvamebs ise, rom azri ar

dazianebuliyo. maT ar unda daeSvaT, rom romelime mxaris uxeSi fraza Tundac

arakoreqtuli formiT mietanaT meoresTan. piriqiT, modaveebs erTmaneTis

mTxovnelad da pativismcemlad waრmoaCendnen da yovel Rones xmarobdnen, raTa

maTSi Serigebisa da kompromisis ganwyoba SeeqmnaT.

`rjulis kacebi~ imdenjer mividodnen TiToeul mxaresTan, ramdenjerac amas

saWiroeba moiTxovda. saboloo mizani maT Soris kompromisis miRweva, anu orive

mxarisaTvis misaRebi saerTo ganaCenis gamotana gaxldaT. amis gamo, SesaZloa

procesi meore dResac gagrZelebuliyo.

mxareTa dakiTxvis Semdeg dahkiTxavdnen mowmeebs. roca mowmes mxolod erTi

mxare waradgenda, `rjulis kacebi~ mas mxolod im SemTxvevaSi dahkiTxavdnen, Tu mis

miudgomlobasa da keTilsindisierebaSi eWvi ar eparebodaT (es wesi, magaliTad

svaneTSi ar moqmedebda). Tu orive mxare warmoadgenda _ nebismier SemTxvevaSi

dahkiTxavdnen mowmeebs, magram maTi Cvenebebis Sefasebisas aucileblad

gaiTvaliswinebdnen mowmeTa pirovnul Tvisebebs. SeiZleba, mowmeebi daepirisiprebiaT

erTmaneTisaTvis an mxarisaTvis (mxareTa dapirispireba sasisxlo saqmeebze, cxadia,

arcerT kuTxeSi ar xdeboda). Tu mowme saqmisaTvis metad mniSvnelovan Cvenebas

iZleoda, e.i. `ZiriTadi mowme~ iyo, is SesaZloa jvarSi daeficebinaT. araZiriTad

mowmes, romelic araarsebiT Cvenebas iZleoda, ar aficebdnen. Tu mowmes fics

daakisrebdnen, maSin saqmis ganxilva anu `bWoba~ unda gadaedoT. mowmis fics arc

`rjulis kacebi~ eswrebodnen da arc is mxare, romlis sasargeblodac ificebda

mowme, e.i. romelmac es mowme daasaxela. eswreboda mxolod e.w. `ficis mayurebeli,~

romelic mowinaaRmdege mxaris naTesavi iyo. swored igi gadascemda modave mxares

informacias, Tu rogor Catarda daficeba da ra Sedegi mohyva mas.

e.w. `Wra-Wrilobis~ rjulis dros Cveulebrivi movlena iyo procesze daWrilis

mkurnali eqimis daswreba, romelmac zustad icoda, ra xarisxis, ra simZimis

Wriloba moarCina. mis Cvenebas aseT SemTxvevaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeboda,

Tumca, `rjulis kacebi~ TviTonac amowmebdnen miyenebul Wrilobebs da garkveul

warmodgenas iqmnidnen masze.

saTaTbiro adgili

● xevsureTSi ganaCenis gamosatanad `rjulis kacebi~ ganmartovdebodnen.

TaTbirs sxva veravin daeswreboda. vin ra sTqva, saidumlod inaxeboda. `rjulis

kacebi~ rigrigobiT gamoTqvamdnen TavianT mosazrebebs, kamaTobdnen da bolos

saerTo gadawyvetilebamde midiodnen. SesaZloa, daedginaT, rom mxarisaTvis Tavis

marTlebis saSualebaTagani, magaliTad, fici daekisrebiaT (Tu eWvmitanili an

romelime Tanamoficari daficebaze uars ityoda, fici `gatydeboda~ da eWvmitanili

damnaSaved CaiTvleboda).

Tu danaSaulis Cadena saeWvo ar iyo, mxolod `dramis~ odenobaze imsjelebdnen.

gaixsenebdnen msgavs precedents. pirvel rigSi, erTmaneTs mimarTavdnen, Tu ra

`andrezi~ smeniaT aseT SemTxvevaze. Zvelad yvela saqme `andrezebis~ mixedviT

irCeoda da, Tu `andrezs~ ver gaixsenebdnen, `rjuli~ iSleboda, magram mogvianebiT

xSiri iyo SemTxveva, roca `andrezebi~ aRarc axsovdaT.

Tu orive mxares iyo Cadenili danaSauli, `rjulis kacebi~ sazRauris

dadgenisas `gabras~ anu gaqviTvas mimarTavdnen (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi am

instituts `Caroninebas~ uwodebs) da `dramas~ imas daakisrebdnen, vis mxaresac

iqneboda sxvaoba.

● svaneTSi ganaCenis gamosatanad mediatorebi gansakuTrebul adgils

SearCevdnen xolme, rac weliwadis drosa da amindze, aseve garemo pirobebze iyo

damokidebuli _ mTavari azri TaTbiris saidumloebis uzrunvelyofaSi

mdgomareobda, ris gamoc zafxulSi soflis ganapiras, xeebiT daCrdilul adgilze,

saTibSi, an mindorSi ikribebodnen, xolo zamTarSi, TovlSi, qarsa da avdarSi _

soflis romelime ukacriel SenobaSi.

TaTbiri, saidumlo iyo da ganaCenis mxareTaTvis gamocxadebamde ar SeiZleboda

saqmis ama Tu im garemoebis gamJRavneba, magaliTad, rogor warimarTa mediatorTa

msjeloba, vis ra pozicia hqonda, vis emxroboda da ra ganaCeni iqna gamotanili. Tu

saidumlo gamJRavndeboda, orive modaves ufleba eZleoda, moeSala yvela piroba da

ar damorCileboda ganaCens.

msjeloba SeiZleba erT SekrebaSive dasrulebuliyo an ori-sami dRe, Tu mTeli

kvirac, an ori kvirac ki gagrZelebuliyo. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki gadawyvetilebis

gamotana gaWianurdeboda, moqmedebda `adgilis Secvlis~ principi, rac dafuZnebuli

iyo svanebis warmodgenaze, rom saTaTbirod SerCeuli adgili arasaxarbielo iyo

marTlmsajulebisaTvis da sasamarTlo kolegias xelsayreli adgili unda moeZebna.

arsebobs erTi svanuri gadmocemac, romlis Tanaxmad, morevebi mkvlelobis

adgilidan aucileblad aRmosavleTiT ikribebodnen xolme.

azris gamoTqmis rigiToba:

svanuri eTnografiuli masala gvTavazobs ganaCenis gamosatanad Sekrebil

mediatorTa msjelobis detalur aRweras, saidanac dgindeba, rom TaTbiris

mimdinareoba garkveul wesebs eqvemdebareboda, rac, didi albaTobiT, Zvelad

saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebisaTvisac iyo damaxasiaTebeli.

● pirveli wesi, dRevandeli yofisaTvis gaucxoebis miuxedavad, mainc

sayovelTaod cnobilia _ igi mosmenis kulturas Seexeba. Zveli droidan

moyolebuli XX saukunis 70-iani da, zog SemTxvevaSi, ufro gviandeli wlebis

svanur sazogadoebaSic yvelaze did ukulturobad miaCndaT meore adamianis

saubrisaTvis xelis SeSla, sanam es ukanaskneli Tavis azrs ar daasrulebda. amitom

wesi, rac im periodisaTvis bunebrivad aRiqmeboda da eTnografiul masalebSi amis

gamo masze sagangebod yuradReba ar maxvildeba, dRes, SeiZleba, didi asoebiT

gamovyoT:

mediatorebi aucileblad bolomde daasrulebinebdnen xolme mTqmels Tavis

azrs (rac ar unda usafuZvlod mosCvenebodaT igi) da rodesac mosaubre Tavis

saTqmels ityoda, mxolod amis Semdeg aZlevdnen Tavs uflebas, gamoeTqvaT sakuTari

mosazreba.

am TvalsazrisiT svanuri yofa mogvagonebs amerikis mkvidri tomebis yofas,

roca koconis irgvliv saWirboroto sakiTxze msjelobisas mxolod is saubrobda,

visac simboluri salaparako mowyobiloba epyra xelT, xolo danarCenebi usmendnen.

Tavisi Sexedulebis gamoTqma yvelas SeeZlo dawesebuli ufros-umcrosobis

rigis mixedviT:

● zogadad miRebuli wesiT, pirvelad mosazrebas asakiT uxucesi gamoTqvamda.

igi TanmimdevrobiT CamoTvlida saqmis garemoebebs, warmoaCenda yvelaze arsebiTs

mxareTa sarCelebSi, xazs gausvamda im faqtebs, romlebic damtkicda an ar

damtkicda da bolos miuTiTebda, Tu ra sasjels iTvaliswinebda adaTi mocemuli

danaSaulisaTvis an ra sazRauri unda dakisreboda damnaSaves.

Semdeg azrs gamoTqvamdnen sxva morevebi asakis mixedviT, xolo axalgazrda

mediatorebi sul bolos Caebmebodnen msjelobaSi. asakovanTa Semdeg azris

gamoTqmis wess safuZvlad edo svanebis Sexeduleba, rom SedarebiT gamoucdel

morevs gamocdilTa azris mosmenis Sedegad SeeZlo, Tavisi pozicia daexvewa da

codnaSi gamoucdelobiT ganpirobebuli xarvezi Seevso.

● iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac sasamarTlo Semadgenloba pirvelad swored asakiT

umcrosis mosazrebas gaecnoboda, raTa igi ar daCveuliyo mxolod sxvebis mosmenas

da sxvisi azris gavlenis qveS ar moqceuliyo. rogorc Cans, saWiroebisas, ukve

gamocdili svani morevebi axalbedaTa damoukidebeli azrovnebis CamoyalibebisaTvis

zrunavdnen, rasac didi mniSvneloba hqonda samediatoro sasamarTlos, rogorc

institutis, SenarCunebisaTvis.

erTsulovnebis miRwevis gzebi

xevsuruli `rjuliT,~ mosamarTleTa kolegias ganaCeni erTxmad unda mieRo,

xolo svanuri masalebiT, wvrilman davebze xmaTa umravlesobac, SesaZloa,

sakmarisad mieCniaT, magram rTul da seriozul saqmeze gadawyvetileba aqac

aucileblad erTsulovnad miiReboda.

erTsulovnebis misaRwevad mediatorebi sxvadasxva xerxs mimarTavdnen, rac

detalurad Semoinaxa svanurma yofam:

● dazაralebulis da damnaSavis mier arCeuli morevebi, SesaZloa, cal-calke

gasuliyvnen saTaTbirod: imsjelebdnen, ikamaTebdnen da, roca saerTo azrs

Camoayalibebdnen, isev SeerTdebodnen da erTmaneTs gaacnobdnen sakuTar poziciebs.

amis Semdegac SeiZleba kamaTi SeTanxmebis miRwevamde gagrZelebuliyo. aseTi wesi

ufro metad gamoiyeneboda mkvlelobis saqmeebze, roca TiTo mxridan 12-12 morevi

arCevda saqmes.

● orive mxaris morevebi TavianTi rigebidan toli raodenobiT gamoyofdnen

wevrebs, romelTac cal-calke unda emsjelaT da saerTo gadawyvetilebamde

misuliyvnen, Semdeg ki TavianTi azri mediatorTa mTeli SemadgenlobisTvis

moexsenebiaT. amis Semdeg ukve yvela erTad imsjelebda, Tu ramdenad samarTliani

iyo gadawyvetileba. morevTa SedarebiT mcire raodenoba ufro advilad miaRwevda

SeTanxmebas, vidre maTi mTeli Semadgenloba da ganaCenis dadgenis aseTi xerxi

sakmaod efeqturi SeiZleba yofiliyo konkretul viTarebaSi, rodesac erTsulovani

ganaCenis dadgena Wianurdeboda. Tumca, isic SesaZlebelia, rom cal-calke

gamoyofili jgufic ver SeTanxmebuliyo da saerTo gadawyvetileba ver mieRo.

● SesaZloa, morevebi SeTanxmebuliyvnen, rom gamoyofili kacebis mier miRebuli

gadawyvetileba aRar ganexilaT da yvela erTsulovnad mas daTanxmeboda. es

gansakuTrebiT maSin iyo efeqturi, rodesac morevTa Soris azrebi ramdenime jgufad

daiyofoda. magaliTad, 5 sxvadasxva jgufad dayofil morevebs, SesaZloa, TavianTi

jgufebidan TiTo kaci SeerCiaT, raTa am ukanasknelebs mieRoT gadawyvetileba,

xolo danarCenebi uyoymanod daeTanxmebodnen maT mier delegirebuli

mosamarTleebis dadgenilebas.

● gamonaklisis saxiT, SesaZloa, ganaCeni an misi konkretuli nawili,

magaliTad, sisxlis fasis (`woris~) odenoba erTi konkretuli morevisTvis miendoT

gansasazRvrad da, am ukanasknelis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi, danarCenebi upirobod

miiRebdnen mis gadawyvetilebas. es, SesaZloa, am rCeuli mosamarTlis didi

avtoritetiT yofiliyo ganpirobebuli.

es wesebi Zvelad sxva kuTxeebSic rom iqneboda gavrcelebuli, amis erTgvari

ilustracia al. yazbegis `elgujaSic~ gvxvdeba, romelic detalurad aRwers

mediatorTa TaTbirs: `raki mosamarTleni martoka darCnen, daiyvnen jgufebad da

daiwyes erTmaneTSi molaparakeba, Semdeg isev Segrovdnen. uxucesma daiWira Tavisi

adgili, sxvebi ufrosobiT Camomwkrivdnen da ufrosobiTve daiwyes TavianTi azris

warmoTqma.~ SeuZlebelia, am scenam svaneTis eTnografiuli sinamdvile ar

mogvagonos.

Sualeduri gadawyvetileba

xevsurul masalebSi fiqsirdeba wesi, roca ganaCenis gamotana, SesaZloa,

garkveuli vadiT gadaedoT raime obieqturi faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT da saboloo

`narjulevis~ dadgenamde erTgvari `Sualeduri gadawyvetileba~ mieRoT. magaliTad,

yofila SemTxveva, igi 4-5 wliTac gadaudiaT _ sanam davis monawile bavSvebi ar

gaizardnen da TviTon, damoukideblad, zewolis SiSis gareSe ar misces Cvenebebi

momxdar faqtze.

gadawyvetilebis miRebis gaWianureba

xevsuruli adaTiT, `rjuli~ rac Seiძleba swrafad (2-3 dReSi) unda

dasrulebuliyo, raTa mxareebs sababi ar miscemodaT, urTierTSoris SurisZieba da

mtroba aRedginaT sasamarTlos gaWianurebis motiviT.

svaneTSi ki fiqsirdeba SemTxvevebi, roca ganaCenis gamotana erT kviraze met

xans grZeldeboda, rac morevTa Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobiT, SeuTanxmeblobiT da

konsesusis miRwevis aucileblobis gacnobierebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. aseT dros

mxareebi Tvlidnen, rom morevebi gansakuTrebul Zalisxmevas mimarTavdnen maTi davis

mSvidobiani gziT gadasaWrelad.

gadawyvetilebis miRebis SeuZlebloba

morevTa SeuTanxmebloba zogjer ganaCenis gamotanas saerTod SeuZlebels

xdida. Tu, mosazrebaTa gansxvavebulobis gamo, mediatorebi verafriT

Sejerdebodnen, saqme iSleboda ganaCenis dasadgenad msjelobis stadiaze. isini

modave mxareebs ar umxeldnen, Tu ram gamoiwvia ganaCenis gamoutanloba.

xevsureTSic SesaZloa, `rjulis kacebs~ Soris yofiliyo uTanxmoeba, magram

isini yovelnairad cdilobdnen am winaaRmdegobis daZlevas. xalxSi sircxviladac

iTvleboda, rom `rjulis kacebi~ saerTo gadawyvetilebamde ver misuliyvnen, magram,

cxadia, aseTs mainc hqonda xolme adgili da `rjuli~ gadawyvetilebis miuReblad

iSleboda. mediatorebi mxareebs gamoucxadebdnen, rom ver SeTanxmdnen da urCevdnen,

sxva `rjulis kacebi~ moewviaT. cxadia, am SemTxvevaSic saidumlod rCeboda

TiToeuli mediatoris pozicia.

qvis Cafvla (`baCa liljeni~)

svanuri adaTiT, mas Semdeg, rac mediatorebi daasrulebdnen TaTbirs da

saerTo azrze Sejerdebodnen, isini procesualuri TvalsazrisiT metad saintereso

rituals mimarTavdnen: erT-erTi msajuli aiRebda patara qvas, xanjlis wveriT

amoTxrida miwas da Sig qvas Caflavda, rac simbolurad saqmis dasrulebis da

ganaCenis simtkicis gamoxatuleba gaxldaT. qvis Cafvlas mohyveboda kidec sagangebo

`garcemi~ (fici), romelic am qvis darad dasaflavebas uqadda mas, vinc droze adre

gaamJRavnebda ganaCens, an gaTqvamda Tu romeli mosamarTle ra poziciisa iyo

gadawyvetilebaze TaTbiris momentSi. aRniSnul fics danarCeni morevebi `aminiT~

adasturebdnen.

amas pirvel rigSi is mniSvneloba hqonda, rom Tu romelime modave mxare

msajulTa ganaCenis Sinaarss mis sajarod gamocxadebamde Seityobda, Serigebis

pirobebiT ukmayofilobis SemTxvevaSi, neba hqonda, ar Seewynarebina garigeba da

CaeSala mediaciis procesi. unda aRiniSnos, rom ganCinebis gamotanidan mis

gamocxadebamde, SesaZloa, ara mxolod ramdenime dRe, aramed _ ramdenime Tvec ki

gasuliyo.

meore mxriv, aseTi wesiT Tavad mediatoris pirovneba iyo daculi, raTa

msajulis poziciiT ukmayofilo mxares mis mimarT mtroba ar Caedo gulSi. amitom,

zogjer morevebi ganaCenis ganucxadeblobasa da erTmaneTis naazrevis

gauTqmelobaze saqmis dawyebamdec ificebdnen.

mediatorTa mier gamoTqmul mosazrebaTa saidumlod Senaxvis wesi saqarTvelos

sxva kuTxeebSic fiqsirdeba da igi `samediatoro sasamarTlos~

sicocxlisunarianobis erT-erTi qvakuTxedia.

ganaCenis gamocxadebis adgili

xevsureTSi ganaCeni `rjulis~ Catarebis adgilas mxareebs cal-calke

gamoecxadeboda: erT-erTi `rjulis kaci~ wamodgeboda, quds moixdida da

dazaralebulsa da mopasuxes amcnobda rjulis gadawyvetilebas. rogorc wesi,

pirvelad im mxares gamoucxadebdnen, romelsac `dramis~ gadaxda evaleboda.

svaneTSi ganaCenis gamocxadebis metad mravalferovani da gansxvavebuli wesebi

arsebobda, romelTac xSirad saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSic moeZebneba analogi:

● ficis Semdeg (mxedvelobaSia `tolobis~ da `erTgulebis~ fici) momCivani da

mopasuxe TavTavianT saxlebSi midiodnen. mediatorebic orad gaiyofodnen ganaCenis

gamosacxadeblad. erTi nawili momCivanis, meore _ mopasuxis ojaxSi wavidoda. ase

acxadebdnen ganaCens fSavSic.

● SesaZloa, morevebi mxareebTan erTad eklesiis ezoSi Sekrebiliyvnen, Tavad

SuaSi Camdgariyvnen da ise waekiTxaT ganaCeni. es wesi xevsureTSic fiqsirdeba, roca

xatis karze xdeboda saqmis ganxilva.

● ufro metad gavrcelebuli iyo Semdegi wesi _ ganaCenis gamocxadeba

damnaSave mxaris ojaxSi dazaralebulis ojaxis wevrTa TandaswrebiT, romlebic iq

morevebs mihyavdaT (es wesi fSavSic gvxvdeba):

ficis ceremonialis Semdeg mxareTa urTierTSeTanxmebiT dainiSneboda ganaCenis

gamocxadebis dro da adgili. gamomcxadebeli morevi (e.w. `muvuSxe~) mWevrmetyveli

unda yofiliyo. mediatorebi umTavresad RamiT midiodnen damnaSavis ojaxSi da

dazaralebulsac iq ibarebdnen. damnaSave valdebuli iyo, mosulebs gamaspinZleboda.

stumrebs (dazaralebulis `samxubs~) mkvlelis naTesavebi egebebodnen, xolo

TviTon damnaSave, misi Zmebi da axloblebi damaluli iyvnen. mosulebi da

damxvdurebi areviT unda damsxdariyvnen winaswar momzadebul sufrasTan. mkvlelis

ojaxSi moklulis samxubis wevri Sedioda, xsnida keriis Tavze Camokidebul jaWvs

(`naWas~) da gamoitanda karSi, cecxlze ki wyals daasxamda. damnaSavis keraze wylis

dasxma morevebs SeeZloT Serigebis Semdeg, riTac dazaralebulis ojaxi metad

kmayofili rCeboda. keraze wylis dasxma simbolurad ojaxis ayras, daRupvas da

gaqrobas niSnavda.

sufraze wamyvani adgili `muvuSxes~ ekava. Seismeboda sami tradiciuli

sadRegrZelo: diadi RmerTis, simravlis momcemeli mTavarangelozis da wminda

giorgis. amis Semdeg `muvuSxe~ Camoayalibebda saqmis mdgomareobas, momxdar

danaSauls da Serigebis pirobebs, anu acxadebda ganaCens. Semdeg TxovniT

mimarTavda orive mxares, rom maT erTmaneTSi mSvidobianoba daemyarebinaT. amis

Semdeg gamodioda mkvleli da moklulis samxubs patiebas SesTxovda. igi CoqviT

midioda moklulis mamasTan, ZmasTan an sxva moZmesTan (`mexubrar~) morCilebis

niSnad xelis nekebi gadaWdobili hqonda. ukan ki mTeli `ZiriS-mexubrari~ (axlo

naTesavebi) mihyvebodnen. is iTxovda Sewyalebas, Sesaxvewad aZlevda uRel xars. imave

sityvebs imeorebdnen misi samxubis wevrebi. Semdeg moklulis samxubTan kaTxebis

gacvliT svamdnen arays. dasaCuqreba am dros wvrilmanebiT xdeboda. is Tofi,

romliTac mkvleloba iyo Cadenili, rogorc wesi, dazაralebul mxares gadaecemoda.

● mogvianebiT arsebuli wesebiT, damnaSave aRar imaleboda da misi ojaxi

dazaralebulis ojaxis win ijda, SuaSi ki morevebi sxdebodnen. dazaralebuls ar

siamovnebda mkvlelis mis ojaxSi jdoma, magram svanuri adaTi avalebda amas. isini

mTeli Rame isxdnen, ar svamdnen, ar Wamdnen, fiqrobdnen imazec, rom safasuris aReba

samudamo Cirqs scxebda maT gvarsa da STamomavlobas (didi sircxvili iyo sisxlis

auRebloba). mkvleli da misi ojaxis wevrebi ki Tavis mxriv Zalze ganicdidnen, rom

sisxlis safasuris gadaxda maTi amdeni xnis naSenebi ojaxis aoxrebis, ganadgurebis

tolfasi iyo. amitomaa, rom sufris ufross mravalgvari sabuTi mohyavda

Sesarigebeli mxareebisTvis, rom mediatoroba, morevoba RvTisgan gaCenilia, `woris~

micema da miReba ki axali saqme araa da igi aravin unda iukadrisos.

ganaCenis gamocxadebis Semdeg, romelsac yvela mdumared ismenda, sufris

ufrosi yanws damnaSaves gadaawodebda. SesaZloa, mxareTa Soris naTesauri kavSiric

damyarebuliyo. am mizniT ewyoboda naTloba da Svilobiloba (es wesi mTels

saqarTveloSi iyo gavrcelebuli). mxareTa Serigebas Tan axlda gadakocna, xelis

CamorTmeva da sadRegrZelos vaxtangurad Sesma.

● zogjer, roca mxareebi erTmaneTisgan moSorebiT sxvadasxva sazogadoebaSi

cxovrobdnen, ganaCeni rigrigobiT cxaddeboda jer dazaralebulis, Semdeg

damnaSavis ojaxSi. morevebi mxareTa gareSe jer erT ojaxSi midiodnen (ufro

damnaSavis), xolo Semdeg _ meoresTan da cal-calke acxadebdnen ganaCens.

dazralebulis ojaxSi ganaCenis gamocxadebisas adgendnen, Tu rodis unda

Caebarebina damnaSaves `wori.~ roca dazaralebuli am sazRaurs miiRebda,

mediatorebi mxareebs saboloo Serigebis mizniT Seaxvedrebdnen.

ganaCenis gamocxadebis gadavadeba

svaneTSi zogjer ganaCenis gamocxadeba ficis ceremoniis dResve ki ar xdeboda,

aramed ramdenime dRis, kviris an Tvis Semdeg. amis mTavari mizezi is gaxldaT, rom

morevebi xelmokle damnaSaves gadasaxdeli Tanxis Segrovebis SesaZleblobas

aZlevdnen. gamocxadebis Semdeg aRsrulebis gaWianureba CveulebiTi samarTliT

miuRebeli iyo, radgan es dazaralebuls ganaCenis Seusruleblobis motivs uqmnida

da SesaZloa, misi mxridan SurisZiebisaTvis xel-fexis gaxsnis niSnad gamomdgariyo.

amitom, radgan ganaCenis gamocxadebamde, misi saidumloebis dacvis pirobebSi,

SurisZiebaze tabu iyo dadebuli, morevebi cdilobdnen, ganaCenis gamocxadebisa da

damnaSavis mier misi srulad Sesrulebis vada maqsimalurad daeaxlovebinaT, raTa

am droSi mas moexerxebina `woris~ mTlianad Segroveba. sazRauris gadaxdaSi im

naTesavebsac SehqondaT TavianTi wvlili, viszec SesaZloa SurisZieba

gavrcelebuliyo.

ganaCenis gamocxadebamde ramdenime dRiT adre morevi acnobebda mxareebs, rom

ama da am dRes Sedgeboda ganaCenis gamocxadeba.

ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadeba da ganawilvadeba

svanuri adaTiT, `woris~ gadaxda ori kviridan erT Tvemde iyo dadgenili.

gadaxdisuunaro damnaSave SurisZiebis SiSiT, SesaZloa, soflidan ojaxianad

ayriliyo da gadaxvewiliyo kidec. Tumca, isec SeiZleba momxdariyo, rom xelmokle

damnaSaves ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadebis TxovniT miemarTa morevTaTvis,

romlebic konkretul SemTxvevebSi erT wlamde axangrZlivebdnen am vadas an

gadaxdas etapobrivad daakisrebdnen mas.

Tu gadaxdamde didi dro gavidoda, morevebi mxareebs xelaxla Seaxvedrebdnen

sufraze, riTac xazs usvamdnen im garemoebas, rom saWiro iyo gadaxdis daCqareba.

Tanac, am SexvedriT, erTgvarad `aqarwylebdnen~ kidec gaSvebul dros da

`ganaaxlebdnen~ saproceso vadas.

xevsureTSi, Tu orive mxare daTanxmdeboda `narjulevs~ da igi `dramis~

gadaxdas iTvaliswinebda, ganaCeni an maSinve aRsruldeboda, an garkveuli drois

Semdeg. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi vadas, rogorc wesi, `rjulis kacebi~

gansazRvravdnen, Tumca ZiriTadad, `drama~ mainc mokle vadaSi unda gadaexada

damnaSaves.

ganaCenis aRsrulebis savaldebuloba

ganaCeni SeiZleba yofiliyo savaldebulo (rogorc svaneTSi) an fakultaturi

(rogorc TuS-fSav-xevsureTsa da raWaSi).

● cxadia, svani morevebi maqsimalurad cdilobdnen iseTi ganaCeni gamoetanaT,

romelic aRsrulebadi iqneboda, magram am kuTxeSi aRsruleba `erTgulebis

ficiTaa~ uzrunvelyofili. RvTis sasjelis SiSiT morevTa mier gamotanili

ganaCenis Seusrulebloba faqtobrivad gamoricxuli iyo (Tanac, damnaSavis mier

ganaCenis Seusrulebloba dazaralebuls ficisgan aTavisuflebda), amitom Zveli

monacemebiT, am etapze morevTa saqmianoba dasruldeboda _ ficis faqtori mTlianad

uzrunvelyofda ganaCenis aRsrulebas.

mogvianebiT, morevebi (sagangebod arCeuli ramdenime kaci) aqtiurad

monawileobdnen ganaCenis aRsrulebaSi. drom moitana isic, rom dazaralebuls

zogjer werilobiT unda daedasturebina `woris~ miRebis faqti.

gadawyvetilebis Sesruleba qarTlSic garantirebuli iyo mxareTa ficiT,

romliTac isini mediatorTa winaSe pirobas debdnen, rom daemorCilebodnen

gamotanil ganaCens. ficis ceremonia saqmis ganxilvis dawyebamde tardeboda.

qarTlSic gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebaSi aqtiurad monawileobdnen mediatorebi.

● roca sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba fakultatur xasiaTs atarebda. ganaCenis

aRsruleba mTlianad mxareTa nebaze iyo damokidebuli.

xevsureTSi, magaliTad, Tu romelime mxare `narjulevs~ usamarTlod CaTvlida,

SeeZlo, axali `rjuli~ moeTxova. ganaCenis gamocxadebisas xSirad `rjulis kacebi~

ambobdnen: `an Cveni ganaCeni SeasruleT, an sxva `rjulis kacebi~ SekribeT.~ arcTu

iSviaTad, mediatorebi sTxovdnen kidec mxareebs, mieRoT maT mier gamotanili

ganaCeni da daTanxmebodnen Serigebis pirobebs.

amrigad, `rjulis kacebis~ mier gamotanili gadawyvetilebis savaldebulobaze

saubaric zedmetia, magram, rogorc wesi `narjulevi~ mxareebis mier mowonebuli iyo,

risi garantiac `rjulis kacTa~ pirovnuli Tvisebebi da maTi `narjulevis~

obieqturoba gaxldaT. ganaCenis aRsrulebis maRali albaToba `rjulis~ Catarebaze

mxareTa TanxmobaSic iyo Cadebuli: isini dainteresebuli iyvnen, rom SurisZieba

Tavidan aecilebinaT, xolo ganaCenis miuReblobisa da Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi,

kvlav mtrebad darCebodnen. aseTi perspeqtiva maTTvis ar unda yofiliyo misaRebi

(`rjulze~ Tanxmoba xom amas metyvelebs).

zogjer, roca damnaSaves xelmokleobis gamo ar SeeZlo dakisrebuli `dramis~

gadaxda, Tundac misi odenoba samarTlianad yofiliyo gansazRvruli, mas SeiZleba,

mainc uari eTqva `narjulevze.~ aseT dros mediatorebi exvewebodnen dazaralebuls,

raTa igi ufro mcire `dramas~ dasjereboda, vidre realurad ekuTvnoda.

Tu romelime mxare aSkarad ukmayofilo iqneboda ganaCeniT, igi ar

daTanxmdeboda `narjulevs~ da axali rjulis Catarebas moiTxovda. `rjulis~

xelmeored Catarebis SemTxvevaSi axal SemadgenlobaSi zogjer Zveli kolegiis

romelime an ramdenime wevrsac moiwvevdnen.

Tu mxareebi ganaCens moiwonebdnen, `rjulis kacebi~ aRsrulebaSi aqtiur

monawileobas iRebdnen: gaemarTebodnen gadaxdaze valdebul mxaresTan,

gamoarTmevdnen `dramas~ da miutandnen dazaralebuls. roca `dramis~ gadasacemad

dazaralebulis ojaxSi midiodnen, damnaSavec Tan mihyavdaT Sesarigeblad. mas

mihqonda arayi, bodiSs mouxdida dazaralebuls da gaiSleboda Serigebis sufra. Tu

orive mxridan iyo ziani, jer erTi mxare mividoda meoresTan (is, romelmac ufro

mZime Wriloba miayena da amitom `drama~ unda gadaixados), garkveuli drois Semdeg

ki, meore mxarec gaemarTeboda pirvelTan Tavisi sasmeliT.

sazRauris patieba

xevsureTSi dazaralebuls SeeZlo damnaSavisaTvis epatiebia `dramis~ nawili an

mTeli sazRauri, gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu mxareebi naTesavebi iyvnen an danaSauli

ganzraxvis gareSe, SemTxveviT moxda, an kidev damnaSavis mZime ekonomikuri

mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT.

svaneTSic dazaralebul mxares ufleba hqonda, Tavisi iniciativiT Seemcirebia

an saerTod epatiebia damnaSavisaTvis sisxlis fasi. dazaralebulis mxridan

gadasaxadis miuRebloba ganaCenisadmi daumorCileblobad ar CaiTvleboda, Tu es

keTilSobiluri mizniT xdeboda da igi am aqtiT Serigebaze uars ar ambobda.

xevis masalebSi Cans, rom mas Semdeg, rac ojaxis ufrosi sazRaurs miiRebda,

mas SeeZlo, mTlianad an nawilobriv uari eTqva am Tanxaze. igi gamoacxadebda, rom

Tanxis erT nawils patiobs Tems, meore nawils _ vinme konkretul pativsacem

pirovnebas, mesame nawils _ kidev vinmes: naTesavs, qal-diswuls da a.S. xolo rac

darCeboda (Tu darCeboda raime), daitovebda ojaxisTvis.

gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba

qarTulma adaTobrivma samarTalma TiTqmis xeluxleblad Semogvinaxa mediaciis

erT-erTi mTavari principi, romlis Tanaxmad, `samediatoro sasamarTlos~

gadawyvetileba gasaCivrebas ar eqvemdebareba.

gadawyvetileba SeiZleba yofiliyo savaldebulo (rogorc svaneTSi), an

fakultaturi (rogorc xevsureTSi, aseve, TuSeTSi, fSavsa da raWaSi), magram igi ar

saCivrdeboda. Tu romelime, an orive mxare gadawyvetilebas ar daeTanxmeboda,

SeeZloT, axali samediatoro Semadgenlobis arCevaze ezrunaT, magram wina

sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas xelmeored arCeulTaTvis araviTari mniSvneloba ar

hqonda da yoveli Semdeg arCeuli Semadgenloba pirvelis Tanasworad miiCneoda: wina

sasamarTlom mxareTa Serigebis mizans ver miaRwia, axla ki airCies sruliad axali,

romelic orive mxarisaTvis misaRebi gadawyvetilebis gamotanas unda Seecados.

sxvaTa Soris, arsebobs xevsuruli gadmocema, rom adaTi `rjulis~ cxraze meti

odenobiT Catarebas krZalavda.

XVIII-XIX saukuneebis ZeglebiTac dasturdeba, rom `samediatoro sasamarTlos~

ganaCeni ar saCivrdeba, Tumca, maTSi aseve ikveTeba saxelmwifo xelisuflebis mier

mediatorTa saqmianobis gakontrolebis mcdeloba:

daviT batoniSvili `saqarTvelos samarTlisa da kanonTmcodneobis

mimoxilvaSi~ aRniSnavs, rom, Tumca `samediatoro sasamarTlos~ gadawyvetileba

sabolooa da apelacias ar eqvemdebareba, yofila SemTxvevebi, rodesac mediatorTa

ganaCeni samefo sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebula da mefes dauniSnavs ramdenime piri,

romelTac es saqmeebi gaurCeviaT, xolo `saqarTvelos CveulebiT sjulSi~ pirdapir

aris miTiTebuli, rom mefe an mocemuli regionis moxele ganixilavda mediatorTa

gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas da am gadawyvetilebis moSlac SeeZlo. sayuradReboa,

rom es wesi leCxumSi mopovebuli eTnografiuli masalebiTac dasturdeba.

am TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi levan

da vaxtang batoniSvilebis mier mTiuleTisaTvis Sedgenili `ganCineba barisa da

mTiurTa adgilTa,~ romelic pirdapir krZalavs batoniSvilTa unebarTvod,

mxareebis mier amorCeuli bWeebis meSveobiT morigebas. metic, unebarTvod dasmul

bWeebs xelisufalni `avad mopyrobiT~ emuqrebian. cxadia, mTiuleTSi mxareebi Tavisi

SexedulebiT, oficialuri xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa nebarTvis gareSe

irCevdnen mediatorebs, romlebic sxvadasxva saxis saqmes ganixilavdnen da modaveebs

arigebdnen, magram aSkaraa, rom batoniSvilebi cdiloben, `samediatoro

sasamarTlos~ saqmianoba sakuTar iurisdiqcias dauqvemdebaron.

sul bolo kiTxva, romelzec qarTuli mediaciis istoriam aseve pasuxi unda

gasces, dRes, Tamar mefis samSobloSi, gansakuTrebuli interesiT daismis:

aZlevs Tu ara qarTuli samarTali qals mediatorobis uflebas?

RvTismSoblis wilxvedri da wm. ninos mier moqceuli qveynis matianem qalTa

mediaciis klasikuri magaliTi Semogvinaxa _ XII saukunis 80-ian wlebSi kravai

jayelis da xvaSag coqalis mociquloba yurTlu-arslanis dassa da Tamar mefes

Soris warmoSobili uTanxmoebis gadasaWrelad. garda amisa, Zvel saqarTveloSi

administraciuli Tanamdebobis pirs sasamarTlo saqmeTa warmoebac SeeZlo da,

cxadia, Tu is qali gaxldaT, Cveulebrivad ganaxorcielebda marTlmsajulebasac:

mefe (Tamari da rusudani), dedofali (darejani), ama Tu im kuTxis mTavris meuRle

(ekaterine dadiani) ganixilavda sasamarTlo davebsac, romelTa gadawyvetisas mas,

davis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba `sasamarTlo mediatoris,~ momrigebeli

mosamarTlis rolic SeeTavsebina.

rac Seexeba eTnografiul sinamdviles, xevsureTSi, magaliTad, `rjulis kacad~

qalis arCeva ar SeiZleboda, magram sayuradReboa, rom amasTan dakavSirebiT

zogierTi xevsuri sinanulsac ki gamoTqvamda, radgan maTi azriT, xevsureTSi

mravlad iyvnen Wkviani qalebi, romlebic mamakacebze aranakleb mediatorobas

SesZlebdnen.

qalis `morevoba,~ zogadad, arc svaneTSi iyo miRebuli, Tumca gamonaklisis

arsebobaze miuTiTebs samarTliani da gonieri qalis epiTetad svanur enaSi

arsebuli gamoTqma: `morev zuraal loq li~ (`morevi~ qali ariso) da eTnografiuli

masalebiT dafiqsirebuli gadmocemebi qalTa mediatorobis erTeul SemTxvevebze,

kerZod:

● qalis mociquloba mesisxleTa Sesarigeblad;

● qalis mediatoroba qalTa Soris warmoSobil davebze;

● da, ukiduresi gamonaklisis saxiT, qalis monawileoba mamakac mediatorebTan

erTadac ki.

rogorc Cans, es gamonaklisebi imiT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom mTeli kavkasiis

masStabiT, svan qalebs gamorCeulad didi uflebebi gaaCndaT. magaliTad, qali,

calkeul SemTxvevebSi, SesaZloa ojaxis ufrosic gamxdariyo da mTel ojaxs da,

metic, momavalSi am ojaxidan warmoSobil sagvareulo Stosac (`samxubsac~) ki misi

saxeli wodeboda. aseve, Cveulebriv movlenas warmoadgenda soflis yrilobaSi

mamakacis nacvlad qalis monawilobac:

● Tu mamakaci yrilobas raime mizeziT ver eswreboda;

● Tu qali misive ojaxis wevr mamakacebze metad iyo cnobili Tavisi Wkua-

gonebiT.

Tavisuflebis aseT maRal xarisxs ki, Tavis mxriv, ori ZiriTadi mizezi edo

safuZvlad:

I. mTis mkacri sacxovrebeli pirobebis gamo qalis Sroma tols ar udebda

mamakacisas. socialuri funqciis zrda ki pirdapir-proporciulad aisaxeboda

uflebriv mdgomareobazec. mamakacTa didi nawili zamTarSi saxlSi keriasTan uqmad

jdomas, barSi dRiur samuSaoebze wasvlas amjobinebda. svanebi ara mxolod

mezobel samegrelosa da imereTSi, aramed Soreul kaxeTsa da mesxeTSic dadiodnen

e.w. `samuCirod,~ rac ZiriTadad durglobas, mSeneblobas, sezonurad _ Tibvas,

barvas Tu sxva tipis Sromas gulisxmobda. am dros saxlSi ufrosad qali rCeboda,

romelzec mTeli ojaxis gaZRolis mZime tvirTi gadainacvlebda.

II. svani qalis Tavisuflebis xarisxs yofiT pirobebTan erTad religiur-

ideologiuri faqtoric xels uwyobda: qristianuli sarwmunoeba, Crdilo kavkasiaSi

gavrcelebuli islamisgan gansxvavebiT, qals bevr sakiTxSi mamakacTan aTanabrebda.

amrigad, svanuri adaTi mkacrad ar krZalavda qalis mediatorobas, Tumca

zogadad, amis saWiroeba dRis wesrigSi iSviaTad dgeboda. Tanac, mZime sasisxlo

saqmeebze qalis mediatorobas, rogorc wesi, eridebodnen, xolo Tu igi mainc

monawileobda _ fics ar adebinebdnen.

guriis eTnografiuli masalebiT aseve dadasturebulia iSviaT SemTxvevebSi

qalis mediatorad arCeva col-qmris gayrisa da saojaxo qonebis gayofis saqmeebze.

msgavsi msubuqi xasiaTis davebis mosagvareblad qalTa mediacia arc sxva

kuTxeebisaTvis unda yofiliyo mTlad ucxo movlena.

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dasasrul, vinaidan winamdebare ტექსტი Zveli qarTuli `samediatoro

sasamarTlos~ mxolod mokle sqematur mimoxilvas isaxavda miznad, dainteresebul

mkiTxvels SeuZlia, ufro detalurad Seswavlis mizniT, damoukideblad gaecnos

mocemuli ტექსტის safuZvlad gamoyenebul samecniero literaturas:

I. daviTaSvili g., samediatoro sasamarTlo anu `rjuli~ xevsureTSi, Tb. 2001.

daviTaSvili g., samediatoro sasamarTlo svaneTSi, Tb. 2002.

daviTaSvili g., sasamarTlo organizacia da procesi qarTul CveulebiT

samarTalSi, Tb. 2004.

II. kekelia m., davis gamrCev pirTa saxelwodebisaTvis Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi

(V-X ss), saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis `macne~, #2, Tb. 1972.

kekelia m., termin `bWis~ SinaarsisaTvis qarTuli samarTlis wignebSi,

saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis `macne~, #4, Tb. 1973.

kekelia m., fici svaneTis CveulebiT samarTalSi, qarTuli samarTlis

istoriis sakiTxebi, III, Tb. 1979.

kekelia m., sasamarTlo organizacia da procesi saqarTveloSi ruseTTan

SeerTebis win, t. II, Tb. 1981.

III. nadareiSvili g., ratom ewodeboda mosamarTles `bWe~ feodalur

saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis `macne~, #3, Tb. 1978.

IV. wulukiani a., svanuri bWe-mediatoruli sasamarTlo, qarTuli CveulebiTi

sjuli, Jurn. saxelmwifo da samarTali, #9, Tb. 1990.

V. oniani s., termin `bWis~ mniSvnelobisaTvis Zvel qarTul samarTalSi,

samarTlis Jurnali, #2, Tb. 2013.

Seadgina sulxan onianma

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

iuridiuli fakultetis asistent-profesori