Abstract 1

Application of OSCE test in evaluation of carry and transport subject on emergency

medical technician students in 2010.

Pour mirza kalhori R.Sabor B.Naderipour A.Seifi F. Godarzi

A.KHoshai A.

Astanegi s

.

Abstract

Background: Use of OSCE test is one of the best methods in order to evaluate the learning of

medical students, especially in psychomotor domain and it is a proper way to determine the

clinical qualification of medical students. In the course of client carry and transfer in

Emergency Medical Technician curriculum, evaluation is done in practical ways. This study

aims to examine the application of OSCE in students’ learning in this major in 2010.

Methods: In this descriptive study, 30 emergency medical students were selected and

evaluated in stations: 5 procedure stations, 2 MCQ stations and one rest station. Data was

gathered by using students’ behavior control checklists and in MCQ stations, two samples of

multiple choice questions was used. Time was also specified in each station. Data was

analyzed by SPSS 16 software.

Results: Students’ mean score was 13.64(+/- 1.84) and the mode was 14.5. Findings indicated

the achievement to %80 of educational aims in 1, 2, 4 and MCQ stations, but in station 3 and

5, students’ learning was not ideal. Therefore, more attention should be paid upon emergency

carry and correct application of brancard.

Key words: OSCE test can lead instructors to have a more accurate assessment of emergency

medical students’ learning activities and it also will help students to promote their learning.

2

A study on the blood pressure of nursing staff at the beginning and end of their shifts in

teaching hospitals of Kermanshah in 1387 (2008)

Mahdavy S,RezaeeJ, Godarzi

A,

Abstract:

Background: Working on shifts can leave deleterious effects on people’s health. With regard

to the importance of nurses’ jobs and their long stressful shifts and also the presence of risk

factors like hypertension and their contribution to cardiovascular diseases, the present study

was done to investigate the blood pressure of nursing staff in teaching hospitals of

Kermanshah at the beginning and end of their work shifts in 1387 (2008).

Methods: In this descriptive study, 388 nurses and nurse-aids working in six teaching

hospitals of the city were selected using stratified random sampling. They were studied

through filling in questionnaires assessing job conditions and controlling blood pressure twice

a day at the beginning and end of each work shift. Data were then analyzed using SPSS

software, version 15, and in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics (the test of chi

squares, and correlative coefficient Pearson, a pair t-test).

Results: Findings showed that 76.5% of the nursing staff were females; 69.3% were married,

and 79.6% had a BSc. degree. The mean and standard deviation of systolic and diastolic blood

pressures at the beginning of the work shifts were 109.02±12.78mmHg and 73.7±7.8mmHg,

respectively. The mean and standard deviation of systolic and diastolic blood pressures at the

end of the work shifts were 114.38±13mmHg and 76.11±7.8mmHg, respectively. This study

showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between nursing staff’s blood

pressure and some variables as age, number of children, smoking, work history, work hours,

hospital wards, and the nurses’ job conditions.

Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the blood pressure of the nursing staff at the

end of the work shift increased significantly in comparison to its beginning. Considering the

harmful physical, psychological, and economic effects of the job pressure on nursing staff, it

seems necessary to reconsider overall factors influencing this situation as: equalizing working

hours, fair working shifts in stressful wards, and increasing the number of nurses

proportionate to each ward and each shift.

Key Words: Blood pressure, nursing staff, the beginning of shift, the end of shift.

* Corresponding author : Soraya Mahdavi. Instructor, department of medical surgical,

faculty member, nursing & obstetrics school, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. E-mail: soraya_mahdavi@yahoo.com

Abstract 3

Prevalence and characteristics of periodic mastalgia and associated factors in women

referred to clinics in Isfahan in 2009

Takfallah. L(M.Sc)1, Najafi A

2(MD),Heidary.M(M.Sc)

3.Dehi Arogh M(M.Sc)

4

Abstract Background: Periodic mastalgia (cyclic breast pain) is an unpleasant feeling that most

women experience before their menstrual period. Because of the important psychological role

that breasts play in women’s lives, their reaction to mastalgia can vary between fear, anxiety,

or depression. The present study aimed to study the prevalence and characteristics of periodic

mastalgia and its associated factors, and tried to elucidate methods to decrease it.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled 18–40-year-old women in their

luteal phase who complained of breast pain. Clinics were cluster selected, and 624 out of 975

women were selected using our inclusion criteria. Data were collected from an evaluation of

clinical history, physical examination findings, and answers to a researcher-made

questionnaire comprising 3 parts: demographics, pain quality, and severity. The validity of the

questionnaire was evaluated using content validity and retest methodologies. Using SPSS

software, data were analyzed using variance analysis, chi-square test, and t-test. A p value of

<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The prevalence of periodic mastalgia was 63.8% (624 women). Mean duration of

mastalgia was 12 ± 3.8 months. Moderate pain was the most common (48.9%), and mild pain

was the least common (23.6%). The quality of pain was described as fullness, heaviness, and

lump in 98.4%, and as severe nauseating pain in 3.4%. Bilateral pain was seen in 53.1%

women and unilateral pain was seen in 46.9% women. The pattern of the pain fluctuated

during the day in 31.3% women. The most common location of pain was upper outer quadrant

of the breast (37.7%). A significant relationship was found between periodic mastalgia and

age, BMI, and employment (p < 0.05)

Conclusion: The results showed that the most common reason women were referred to clinics

for breast examination is periodic mastalgia. Therefore, it is necessary to study its

characteristics. In addition, women must be educated regarding the factors that influence the

pain in order to improve their quality of life and decrease their worries and referral frequency

to clinics.

Keywords: cyclic breast pain, prevalence, quality of the pain, pattern of pain, location of pain,

women

1. Faculty of Nursing & midwifery , Islamic azad university,semnan unit,Iran

Email:takfallah773@gmail.com Tell: 09125731437 2 - Internal Medicine. semnan ,Iran

3. Faculty of Nursing & midwifery , Islamic azad university,semnan unit,Iran 4. Faculty of Nursing & midwifery , Nursing education,health community. Islamic azad university,maragheh unit,Iran .

4

The study of compliance rate of standards in diagnostic radiology departments in hospitals

of Kermanshah University of Medical Science 2010

Amiri F , Hormozi Moghadam Z, DehlagiV, Tohidnia MR, Hashemian AH

Abstract Background: radiology department is the most important and most expensive diagnostic part

of the hospital regarding medical equipments. More than 80% of patients referred to hospital

need a kind of x-rays procedure. Ionizing radiation is harmful and dangerous factors to be

considered in radiological departments. This radiation can cause a variety of genetic

abnormalities and cancers. Therefore, the importance of specified standards observance is

emphasized by valid national and international organizations (ICRP, NCRP, ICRU) to reduce

unwanted exposures. This study was carried out to examine standards in diagnostic X-ray

departments in hospitals of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 1389 and to

compare them with the standards.

Methode: In this cross - sectional study radiographic condition of all rooms was observed in

regarding the physical space, medical equipments, and radiology protection in six hospitals in

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tool was a check list that was

analyzed using SPSS16 software after collecting data.

Results: Results showed that the standards specified were not fully respected in any of centers

under study. So that the standards are not met regarding the existence of radiation protection

equipments: 50%, aids and preservative equipments: 41/7%, warning signs: 66%, and

ventilator system in radiography room: 66/4%. The performance of operator keys and X-ray

bed was desirable in all centers. Regarding the radiographers’ protective standards, the

minimum rate of observance of protective measures was having medical health records of

50% in the centers.

Conclusion: According to principle of ALARA, observing safety standards and laws, more

supervision by health experts are recommended. In addition, health physics should be more

active. Necessary protective equipments and periodic monitoring are also recommended in

intervals of every three months.

Key words: Standards of radiation protection, medical equipments, radiology department.

Abstract 5

Studying the relationship between hygienic – sexual behaviors and the incidence of

urinary tract infections (UTI) in pregnant women visiting health- treatment centers in

Nowshahr and Chalous

Soheila Nazarpour

Abstract

Background: Urinary Tract Infections are the most common bacterial infections

during pregnancy which are affected by various factors such as hygienic and sexual

behaviors. The purpose of the research is to determine some of these behaviors.

Methods: This is a case-control analytical study. In this research 105 samples

including 34 pregnant women affected with UTI (case group) and 71 healthy pregnant

women (control groups) were selected by cluster sampling from 7 urban health-

treatment clinics and 3 private treatment centers in Nowshahr and Chalous, going

through urinalysis and urine culture. The interviewers filled in the interview form the

hygienic and sexual behaviors of the two groups. Then T- test and Chi-square test

were used for statistical analysis using SPSS.

Results: The results indicate that there is a significant correlation between UTI

affection and the following hygienic – sexual behaviors: the way they wash their

perinea after defication and urination (P<0.002), urination and washing after sexual

intercourse (P<0.009) and the number of times they had sexual intercourse

(P<0.0001).There is also a significant difference between affected and healthy

individuals in mean number of taking bath per week (P<0.010). There was no

significant difference between UTI and previous urinary – genital infection during the

last two years but there was a significant difference between UTI and previous urinary

– genital infection of spouse during the last two years (P< 0.010). In this research the

most common organism that causes UTI was Escherichia coli (39.9%). Conclusions: Some hygienic and sexual behaviors may affect emergence of UTI in

pregnant women. Thus, modifying wrong hygienic and sexual behaviors can reduce

these types of infections. Key words: Urinary Tract Infections, hygienic – sexual behaviors, pregnant women

6

Incidence of nosocomial infections in ICU in Imam Reza hospital of kermanshah in the

first 6 months of 2010

Sharifi A, Veisi A, Ebrahimpuryan L,Mohammadi M, Shahsavari S

Abstract

Backgrand: Nosocomial infection are on the problems of the present century and

dramatically, causing disease and death and impose high costs to patients. Given to the high

level of respiratory and urinary tracts infections in the intensive care unit and its importance,

this study aimed to determine the incidence of respiratory and urinary infections in intensive

care unit in Imam Reza hospital was performed.

Methods: This was descriptive prospective study and studied all patients admitted in General

ICU,in Imam Reza hospital who have been hospitalized since 01/01/89 to 31/06/89 and 48-

72 first hours after admission, urinary or respiratory infection was any form. After the

patient,s clinical symptoms and if suspected of being infected, depending on the need for

respiratory or urinary culture was taken and the results of a negative or positive culture for

each patient was recorded.

Results: 198 Patients were evaluated in this study that the 46/96% of them were femal and

53/03% of them is were male. The average duration of hospitalization approximately 8 days.

The prevalence of respiratory infections 37/37% and urinary tract infection 27/2%

respectively. Significant relationship between respiratory infection and intubation of patients

(P= 0/01). In addition, there was a significant relationship between respiratory infection and

gender (P=0/000). Urinary tract infection and gender were also significant (P=0/05). The most

common microrganism in respiratory infections was citrobacter (33/78%) and urinary tract

infection was candida(44/44%).

Conclusion: According to the respiratory and urinary infections are the most common

infections in the intensive care unit, definitely the most common cause of this difference in

pneumonia and urinary tract infections play an important role in the prevention and control

policies for infections the hospital.

Key words: Nosocomial infections, Respiratory infection, urinary infection, Intensive care

unit

Abstract 7

Evaluation of hopelessness in chronic hemodialysis patients

Jalalvandi F, Khodadadian Z, Miri S, Ahmadi SM, Shahsavari S, Safari R, Sarhadi P ,

Omidvar borna MH

Abstract

Backgrand:: dialysis patients are tended to be thought more negative about the future than

general population. Despite the large number of dialysis patients in psychiatric-social had

problems, few study in this field have been done. Therefore this study was investigated the

hopelessness in dialysis patients.

Methods: This study was performed on 133 hemodialysis patients that referred to the Imam

Reza Hospital in 2010. Sampling was selected as a census. Data from the Beck Hopelessness

Scale were collected and interviews were done fore hemodyalisis patients who desired to

participate in the study.

Results: In this study, 133 patients were studied that 52.6 percent was women and 47.4

percent was men. Age range of 14 to 85 years with mean age and SD 51.08±15.5 years. The

greatest number of patients (33.8%) had a moderate hopelessness. Average score in women

and men, respectively 6.9 and 7.2 is obtained. Relationship between the amount of

hopelessness with the economic situation in hemodialysis patients, dialysis duration and level

of education was significant.

Conclusion: Considering the progressive increase in hemodialysis patients and their care

costs, more attention especially in patients with low educational level, low socioeconomic

status and who have recently suffered renal failure to be focused in psychological aspects of

them.

Keywords: hopelessness, hemodialysis patients

8

Analytic assessment of multiple choice questions (MCQ) of Paramedics faculty board

members' scholarship in Kermanshah Medicine University in 2010.

Pour mirza kalhori R.Darabi F.Sabor B.NaderipourA.Rezai M..Astanegi s

Pormand D

Abstract

Backgrand: Multiple choice questions are one of the most common tools for evaluating

learning in medical science and it is essential that their quantitative and qualitative analysis

is conducted. The purpose of this study is to analyze MCQ exams of faculty board members

of Paramedical school in Kermanshah Medical Science University in 2010.

Methods: Data of this descriptive analytic study were composed of 35 MCQs exams which

were designed by paramedical faculty board members. Quantitative data included difficulty

coefficient, discrimination coefficient, and reliability of test index (KR20). The qualitative

data included the percentage of Taxonomy I& II & III and the percentage of structural fault-

free questions. Data was analyzed by SPSS-16 software and independent T- test and Chi-

square.

Results: With 95% confidence interval range of reliability coefficient (KR20) was in 0.2-

0.6, difficulty coefficient was in 0.58-0.8 and discrimination coefficient was in 0.15-0.2. The

Mean score of Taxonomy I was 36.7±18.69 and Taxonomy II was 42.46±15.51. No

significant difference was observed in tests so far. However, The Mean percentage of

Taxonomy III was 20.73±12.83 and a significant statistically difference was observed with

t–test (P=0.00) in Taxonomy III. In addition, the Mean score of structural fault-free

questions was 75.23 % ±13.23 and a significant statistically difference was also observed

regarding this types of questions with t- test (P=0.041).

Conclusion: The study showed that in reliability (KR20) and difficulty coefficiency, MCQs

exams of paramedical faculty board members in Kermanshah Medical Science University

were acceptable. However, given the low percentage of Taxonomy II & III and structural

fault-free questions, it is essential to promote the knowledge of board members in designing

MCQs exams for students’ evaluation.

Key words: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION, RELIBILITY, DIFFICALTY

COEFFICIENT, DISCRIMINATION COEFFICIENT.

Abstract 9

Factors affecting problems caused by family and social roles of women working in

government centers in Kermanshah

Faranak Jafary, Farah Seifi

Abstract:

Background: Although women's participation in social and professional activities is one of

the most important indicators of economic development of developing countries, working

women still remain in their traditional roles. With their move into new roles, marital

dissatisfaction arises and greater physical stress is imposed on them. Psychologically point of

view, they are also highly vulnerable to anxiety. The purpose of this research is to study

factors affecting problems caused by family and social roles of women working in

government centers in Kermanshah.

Methods: this is a descriptive-analytical study. Participants were 150 married working women

with at least one child and 5 years of marriage. They were chosen based on working shifts in

14 occupational categories (40 nurses, 50 teachers, 20 bank employees and 40 administrative

staff) through stratified random sampling. Data were collected by answers to personal

characteristics and self-made family roles (wife, mother, economic, social, household)

questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Spss 11.5 software and chi-square variation tests.

Results: Results show that 60% of women were working with a Bachelor’s degree, 70% were

formal employees, 80% had 1 to 2 children and 74% were working 7 to 9 hours per day. Their

average age was 34/5 6/6. Data show that different roles of women cause many problems.

There was a significant relationship between all areas of family-related problems (P<0/05).

There was a significant relationship between husband’s job, working hours, children’s age,

husband’s level of education and the problems caused by family roles of working

women(P<0/05).There was no significant relationship between income, type of employment,

education, age and number of children and the problems caused by family roles of working

women.

conclusion: Results of this study emphasizes the role of government policymakers and

practitioners of health system in solving problems caused by traditional roles of working

women and also cultural barriers which are blocking their way of growth.

Key words: family roles, social roles, working women, women problems

10

Study of relapsing causes in drug users in 2010 –Iran, Kermanshah

Amir Jalali, Touraj Ahmadi-jooebari, Shahram Bidhendi, Ebrahim Ezzat, Masood moradi

Abstract

Background: Relapse and re-use of drugs is one of the common problems that exist in the

treatment of clients and have always been difficult to therapists and clients and their families.

Thus understanding of its causes that can be different by culture levels, type of drug use,

economic and cultural conditions play an important role in preventing it. Aim of this study is

to determine the causes of relapse in drug users.

Method: In this study we used a two-part questionnaire, that its validity and reliability has been

confirmed, and assessed the 491 clients who had referred to Substance abuse clinics in

Kermanshah by using Random quota method.

Results: The mean age of subjects was 32.41± 13.64. Most common factors that have a large

impact on Relapse were respectively Psychological causes with 66.7 percent, social factors

with 57.5 percent, and physical factors with 39 percent and family factors with 32.4. They

declared that associating with addicted and unsuitable friends, family problems, drug craving

were major causes of Relapse.

Conclusion: Several factors are involved in the relapse process. In this study, psychological

and social factors are recognized as the most important ones. Therefore, we must apply

appropriate intervention to prevent Relapse causes.

Key words: Relapse, substance abuse, substance abuse treatment

Abstract 11

CONTENTS

Application of OSCE test in evaluation of carry and transport subject on emergency

medical technician students in 2010.

“Pour mirza kalhori R.Sabor B.Naderipour A.Seifi F. Godarzi

A.KHoshai A.Astanegi s”

……………….…………………………………………………………………………………..…...…....1

A study on the blood pressure of nursing staff at the beginning and end of their shifts in

teaching hospitals of Kermanshah in 1387 (2008)

Mahdavy S Dehgani B Safari S , Salime K ,RezaeeJ, Godarzi A

……………………………..…..2

Prevalence and characteristics of periodic mastalgia and associated factors in women

referred to clinics in Isfahan in 2009

Takfallah. L(M.Sc), Najafi A (MD),Heidary.M(M.Sc).Dehi Arogh M(M.Sc)”……………….….3

The study of compliance rate of standards in diagnostic radiology departments in

hospitals of Kermanshah University of Medical Science 2010

“Amiri F , Hormozi Moghadam Z, DehlagiV, Tohidnia MR, Hashemian AH”…………… ..4

Studying the relationship between hygienic – sexual behaviors and the incidence of

urinary tract infections (UTI) in pregnant women visiting health- treatment centers in

Nowshahr and Chalous “Soheila Nazarpour

" , M.sc……………………..………… …………………………………...........5

Incidence of nosocomial infections in ICU in Imam Reza hospital of kermanshah in the

first 6 months of 2010

“Sharifi A, Veisi A, Ebrahimpuryan L,Mohammadi M, Shahsavari S, Omidvar borna

MH………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6

Evaluation of hopelessness in chronic hemodialysis patients Jalalvandi F, Khodadadian Z, Miri S, Ahmadi SM, Shahsavari S, Safari

R, Sarhadi P ,

Omidvar borna MH ……………………………………………………………..…………...7 A nalytic assessment of multiple choice questions (MCQ) of Paramedics faculty board

members' scholarship in Kermanshah Medicine University in 2010. Pour mirza kalhori R.Darabi F.Sabor B

1.NaderipourA.Rezai M.Astanegi s

,Pormand D .…8

Factors affecting problems caused by family and social roles of women working in

government centers in Kermanshah

Faranak Jafary1, Farah Seifi

2…………………………………………………………………...……9

Study of relapsing causes in drug users in 2010 –Iran, Kermanshah

Amir Jalali, Touraj Ahmadi-jooebari, Shahram Bidhendi, Ebrahim Ezzat, Masood moradi

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...10