medicine 2014 vol. 11 no. 53

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Medicine. 2014;11(53):3099-1 14 3099 Infecciones por cestodos C. Arranz Solana a , M.I. García del Valle a , L. Sáez Méndez a y J. Solís García del Pozo b a Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital General Universitario de Albacete. Albacete. España. b Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital General de Villarrobledo. Villarrobledo. Albacete. España. Resumen Las cestodosis más importantes son la cisticercosis y la hidatidosis. La mayoría de las infecciones ocasionadas por cestodos adultos son asintomáticas. La cisticercosis es la infección causada en los seres humanos por la fase larvaria de Taenia solium . La afectación clínica más importante es la neurológica o neurocisticercosis (NCC) y la causa más común de epilepsia tardía en algunos países en vías de desarrollo. Su diagnóstico se basa en datos clínicos, epidemiológicos, inmunológicos y radiológicos. El tratamiento debe estar dirigido frente a las manifestaciones clínicas con el uso de anticomiciales, corticosteroides y antihelmínti- cos (albendazol y praziquantel). Existen cuatro especies de Echinococcus que causan infección en los seres humanos, respon- sables de la hidatidosis o equinococosis se dan diferentes manifestaciones clínicas dependiendo de la especie; la hidatidosis quística producida por E. granulosus , hidatidosis alveolar por E. multilocularis y la hidatidosis poliquísitca por E. vogeli y E. oligarthrus . El diagnóstico se basa en los ha- llazgos clínicos, pruebas de imagen y pruebas serológicas. Su tratamiento incluye la utilización de cirugía, tratamiento percutáneo y empleo de benzimidazoles. Abstract Infections by cestodes Cysticerosis and hydratidosis are the most important cestodosis. Most of the infections caused by adult cestodes are asymptomatic. Cysticerosis is the infection caused in humans by the larval phase of theT aenia solium . The most important clinical condition is the neurological or neurocysticerosis (NCC) affectation and is the most common cause of tardive epilepsy in some developing countries. Its diagnosis is based on clinical, epidemiological, immunological and radiological data. Treatment should be aimed at the clinical manifestations with the use of anti-seizures, costicosteroids and anti-helminthics (albendazole and praziquantel). There are four species of Echinococcus that cause infection in humans, responsible for hydatidosis or echinococcosis. There are different clinical manifestations, depending on the species: the cystic hydatidosis produced by E. granulosus , alveolar hydatidosis by E. multilocularis and polycystic hydatidosis by E. vogelI and E. oligarthrus . Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, imaging tests and serological tests. Its treatment includes the use of surgery, percutaneous treatment and use of benzimidazoles. Palabras Clave: - Cestodos - Quiste hidatídico - Equinococosis - neurocisticercosis Keywords: - Cestodes - Hydatid cyst - Echinococcosis - Neurocysticercosis ACTUALI ZACI ÓN

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