medieval literature (cir. 500-1500). medium + aevum mediaeval/ medieval, middle ages early middle...
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Medieval Literature(Cir. 500-1500)
Medium + aevum
Mediaeval/ Medieval, Middle Ages
Early Middle Ages (Early Medieval Period)
High Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages
Early Middle ages(5th - 10th centuries)
from the decline of the Western Roman Empire
to the High Middle Ages
also called Dark Ages
construction of a fortified town during Dark Ages
Early Middle Ages(5th-10th centuries)
feudalism
farmers, noble men
no commerce
High Middle Ages(c. 1001–1300)
the end of Early Middle Ages-Late Middle Ages
rapid increase of population in Europe
brought about great social and political changes
trade revival during the High Middle Ages
trade revival during the High Middle Ages
one of the first banks established during 11th-12th centuries in the High Medieval
Universities in Europe were first established in Bologna, Salerno, Paris and Modena.
In 1095 Pope Urban II preached the First Crusade with the intention to reestablish Christian rule in the Holy
Land/ Palestine.
Late Middle Ages(cir.1301-1500)
end of High Middle Ages-the onset of
Early Modern Era
progress of arts and sciences
a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts
Italian Renaissance began
Literature of Western Europe
1. Poetry2. Drama3. Prose
Poetry
1) French and Spanish la chanson de geste
2) French Roman Courtois3) French Fabliau
4) Italian Epic5) English Verse
6) English Metrical Romance7) Ballad
la chanson de geste
praise the heroic deeds of the national heroes
La Chanson de Roland (The Song of Roland)
El Cid (The Song of the Cid)
Roman Courtois
Tristan et Iseult
Chrétien de Troyes
Tristan et Iseult
Chrétien de Troyes
Le Chevalier a la Charette
YvainPerceval
legends of King Arthur and his knights
King Arthur among his knights
Fabliau
comical fable told in verse of the French genre
jongleurs in northeast France
Roman de Renart Renart vs Ysengrin
fox vs wolf
confrontation of Renart and Ysengrin in a battle
Epic
La Divina Commedia (The Divine Comedy)
Inferno, Purgatorio, Paradiso
Dante Alighieri
greatest Italian epic
Dante holding a copy of the Divine Comedy, with the entrance to Hell on the left, the seven terraces of Mount Purgatory in the middle and the city of Florence on the right, with the spheres of Heaven above
English Verse
Canterbury Tales
Geoffrey Chaucer
a collection of stories in a frame story
a group of 29 pilgrims from all layers of society
tell stories to each other to kill time while travelling to Saint Thomas Becket’s shrine in Canterbury
Canterbury Tales
Decameron
Giovanni Boccaccio
frame narrative technique
tale within tale
influence of Decameron’s frame narrative technique on Canterbury Tales
Decameron: stories with the theme of tragic love told on the fourth day
frame narrative technique of Canterbury Tales influenced by Decameron
The Nun’s Priest’s Tale
the story of a rooster, Chanticleer and a fox, told by the nun’s priest
English Metrical Romance
Pearl Poet/ Gawain Poet
Gawain and the Green Knight
one of a better-known Arthurian stories
a hero, Gawain, goes on a quest that test his prowess and
bravery in a beheading game challenged by the Green Knight
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Green Knightchallenging Gawain to jointhe beheading game
ballad
oral literature
ballads of outlaws celebrating the lives of outlaws or criminals such as Robin Hood
ballads of magic recounting stories about fairies, witches and ghosts
ballads of betrayal love ballads of domestic tragedy
most ballads were set to music, as they were meant to be sung rather than read
drama
the revival of drama in the 10th century
the medieval priest gives birth to the liturgical drama, Quem quaeritis?,
as a means to teach
Quem Quaeritis?(Whom Seek Ye?)
performance ofQuem Quaeritis? in a Medieval Cathedral/ monastery
performing place: cathedral / monastery /church
Cathedral of Florence
performing place: cathedral / monastery /church
Church of San Lorenzo
medieval stage: platea, mansion
medieval stage within a church
medieval stage: pageant wagon
Types of Medieval Drama
1. liturgical play2. religious play3. secular play
1. liturgical play
Quem Quaeritis?
2. religious play
mystery play: biblical stories from the creation to
the Judgment Day
miracle play, saint play: lives and miracles of saints
morality play: designed to teach a moral and improve the behavior of the audience
Noah’s Ark, a mystery play, at York
St. George and the Dragon, a miracle play/ a saint play, performed on April 23, 2008 at Scotland
Everyman, the best known English morality play
3. secular play
folk play
farceinterlude
folk play: Robin Hood
farce: Pierre Pathlin
interlude
prose
chivalric romance
Le Morte d’ Arthur
Sir Thomas Malory
Le Morte D’ Arthur
narrates the story of King Arthur, a legendary British leader of the late 5th and early 6th centuries, who led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders
Camelot, the dwelling of King Arthur
Arabic Literature
The Bedouins in the Arabian Desert
Arabic Literature
early Arabic literature oral literature
the contents wars, desert, camels, horses, love
Arabic Literature
the finest / the most important piece
The Qur’an
basis for a new religion and community known
today as Islam
the Qur’an inscribed during 8-9th century
the Qur’an inscribed in 12th century
Arabic Literature
flourished during the Islamic Golden Age
the best-known story of the Islamic world
A Thousand and One Nights
The Arabian Nights
A Thousand and One NightsThe Arabian Nights
frame narrative technique
tales within tale
Sinbad the Sailor
Ali BabaAladin and the Magic Lamp
วรรณคดี�ยุ�คกลาง 61ยุ�โรป จี�นอาหร�บ
Persian Literature
Rubaiyat
Omar Khayyám
Chinese Literature
Tang Dynasty (618 - 917)
Song Dynasty (960 - 1279)
Yuan Dynasty (1271 - 1368)
Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644)
Tang Dynasty(618 - 917)
Golden of Age of Chinese Literature
1. Poetry2. Prose
Tang Poetry
Golden Age of Poetry
more than 2,200 poets
more than 48,900 pieces of poems
Tang Poets
Li Bai/ Li BoWang Wei
Tu Fu greatest Chinese poet
Tang Prose
Chuánqi (ฉวนฉ�)
miracles
love heroic deeds
satire the noblemeninstructive moral at the end
Tang Prose
Bian Wen (เปี้�� ยนเหวิน)
episodes from the Buddha’s life
non-Buddhist stories from Chinese history and folklore
Song Literature(960 – 1279)
improvement of printing increase literary
output storytelling in the vernacular arose in this period
these tales reflected the style of the storyteller who entertained audiences gathered in marketplaces, fairgrounds, or temple yards
Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368)
Mongol
first alien dynasty
Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan
cancellation of civil service examination
drama was the greatest achievement
Ming Literature(1368-1644)
prosperous period of printing in China
popularity of long fiction / novel
Romance of the Three Kingdoms (สามก�ก)
Outlaw of the Marsh (ซ้�องก��ง) Journey to the West (ไซ้อ��ว)
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Luo Guanzhong (หลอกว�านจีง)
part historical, part legend, and part myth
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
romanticises and dramatises the lives of
feudal lords and their retainers
to replace/ restore the dwindling Han dynasty
three political factions
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Outlaw of the Marsh (ซ้�องก��ง)
a group of 108 outlaws forced by the harsh feudal officialdom
form a sizable army on
Mount Liang /Liangshan Marsh
Journey to the West (ไซ้อ��ว)
Wu Cheng’en (หว�เฉ�นเอ�น)
fictionalized account of the legendary pilgrimage of a Buddhist monk, Tang Sanzang (พระถั�งซ้#าจี��ง) India
loosely based on a historic text, Great Tang Records
on the Western Regions, some traditional folk tales andrecords of a Buddhist monk, Xuan Zang (หลวงจี�นส�วน
จี�ง)
the cover of Journey to the West with Tang Sanzang (พระถั�งซ้#าจี��ง) , the White Dragon Horse, Sun Wukong (ซ้$งหงอคง) , Zhu Bajie (ตื&อโป'ยุก(ายุ) and Sha Wujing (ซ้�วเจี)ง)