Mediterranean Civilization

Rome: From Monarchy

to Republic to empire

Mediterranean Civilization

--Founded in the 8th

century at the mouth of

the Tiber River.

--Founded near a group

of hills called the

Palatine.

--The Latini were an agricultural and pastoral group

--Rome was founded by

the sons of Mars

--Romulus and Remus

raised by wolves were

directed to build Rome

in Latium (Seven vultures fly around seven times near seven hills)

--Romulus kills Remus, Rome bears his name

RomE Fact VS. Fiction

Mediterranean Civilization

Romulus and Remus

Mediterranean Civilization

Seven Hills of Rome

Mediterranean CivilizationThe Story of Romulus and Remus

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA1D9wd29jI

Mediterranean Civilization

Early Settlements in Italy

South—Settled by Greeks, areas include Campagnia, Apulia and Sicily

North—settled by the Gauls (Celtic origins). They occupied the Po River Valley. They were taken over by the Etruscans.

Mediterranean CivilizationRoyal Period (753-510 B.C.)

Seven Kings of Rome

Romulus

Numa Pompilius

Tullus Hostilius

Ancus Marcius

Tarquin Priscus

Servius Tullius

Tarquin the Proud

Mediterranean CivilizationThe Roman Republic (509—133 B.C.)

Tarquin the Proud loses power in 509 B.C. He is

overthrown by Junius Brutus. As a result a republic

is formed officials are elected.

Roman SocietyPatricians—wealthy landowners

Plebieans—farmers, trades people and craft

workers. They made up 90% of the

population.

Mediterranean CivilizationRoman Government

Consuls—two elected Patricians for one year.

Responsibilities

--initiated legislation

--served as head of the judiciary and military

--served as chief priest to the nation

Limitations

--only served for one year

--had veto power, could veto the other

--had to serve on the Senate after their term

Mediterranean CivilizationRoman Government

Magistrates—assisted Consuls

Proconsuls—Consuls whose terms in office were

extended because of military campaigns

Quaestors—two financial officers, determining

property values for taxes

Praetor—judicial official

Mediterranean CivilizationRoman Government

Censor—drew up the roll of citizens and fixed

their tax status. The job of censor went to

former consuls. They were the least corruptible.

They had the power to dismiss Senators.

Senate—Consuls appointed members of

senate for life terms

Assembly of Tribes—protected the rights of the

plebeians and had veto power

Mediterranean CivilizationStruggle of the Orders

The Patrician class attempting to hold onto power while the

Plebeians attempted to achieve social and political equality.

Plebeians Patricians

90% 10%

--produced the food --wealthy

--supplied labor --ran government

--supplied soldiers --controlled the

economy

The Plebeians withdrew from society in 494 B.C. to the

Sacred Mount and formed the Tribal Assembly.

Mediterranean CivilizationTribal Assembly

--Headed by tribunes who were heads of their tribes.

--They could veto any decision by a Roman Official

or magistrate.

--They had the power to authorize their own

legislation, non-binding for Patricians.

Mediterranean Civilization

A glimpse of teenage life in ancient rome

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juWYhMoDTN0

Mediterranean CivilizationTribal Assembly

Results

450 B.C.—Law of the Twelve Tables

445 B.C.—Acquired the right to marry a Patrician

367 B.C.—Allowed to be elected to Consul

300 B.C.—Allowed to serve at all levels of the

priesthood

287 B.C.—Decision and legislation of Plebeian

assembly was binding over all citizens

Mediterranean Civilization

Mediterranean CivilizationEmpire Building

Punic Wars

Rome and Carthage both have influence in

the southern portion of the Mediterranean.

Rome’s sphere of influence includes

southern Italy. Carthage’s sphere of

influence includes western edge of Sicily,

Sardinia western North Africa and southern

Spain.

Mediterranean Civilization

First Punic War (264-241 B.C.)--Messina revolts against Carthage

--Roman navy defeats the

Carthaginians

--Rome takes control of Sardinia and

Corsica

Mediterranean CivilizationSecond Punic War (218-202 B.C.)

--Saguntum, Spain asked for an alliance

with Rome.

--Hanibal attacks Saguntum and destroys

it.

--Hannibal crosses the Alps and conquers

northern Italy. He doesn’t have enough

supplies and roams the countryside.

--Hannibal returns to Carthage and is

defeated by Scipio in 202 B.C.

Mediterranean CivilizationThird Punic War (149-146 B.C.)

--First half of second century, Carthage

regains its power.

--Romans demanded Carthaginians move

inland, they refused.

--Romans went from town to town

slaughtering the inhabitants selling

people into slavery.

Mediterranean Civilization

Metropolitan Museum of Art

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/romr/hd_romr.htm