meera folder.docx

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1. E- Shopping

Definition

The actof purchasingproductsor servicesover the Internet. Online shopping has grown in

popularity over the years, mainly because people find it convenient and easy to

bargain shopfrom the comfort of their home or office. One of the most enticingfactorabout

online shopping, particularly during a holidayseason, is it alleviates theneedto wait

inlonglinesorsearchfromstoreto store for a particular item.

Online shoppingis the process whereby consumers directly buy goods or servicesfrom a seller

in real-time, without an intermediary service, over the Internet.It is a form of electronic

commerce. An online shop, eshop, e-store, Internet shop, webshop, webstore,online store, or

virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buyingproductsor services at abricks-and-

mortarretaileror in a shopping center. The process is called business-to-consumer (!"# online
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/act.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/product.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/services.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/services.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/internet.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/shop.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/office.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/factor.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/factor.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/holiday.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/need.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/need.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/need.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/long-position.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/long-position.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/lines.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/search.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/search.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/store.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/store.htmlhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_(economics)https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_commercehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_commercehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Webstore&action=edit&redlink=1https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Webstore&action=edit&redlink=1https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brick_and_mortar_business&action=edit&redlink=1https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brick_and_mortar_business&action=edit&redlink=1https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retailing&action=edit&redlink=1https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shopping_center&action=edit&redlink=1http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/product.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/services.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/internet.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/shop.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/office.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/factor.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/holiday.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/need.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/long-position.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/lines.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/search.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/store.htmlhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_(economics)https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_commercehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_commercehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Webstore&action=edit&redlink=1https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brick_and_mortar_business&action=edit&redlink=1https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brick_and_mortar_business&action=edit&redlink=1https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retailing&action=edit&redlink=1https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shopping_center&action=edit&redlink=1http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/act.html


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shopping. $hen a business buys from another business, it is called business-to-business (!#

online shopping.

Online shopping has become a popular shopping method ever since the internet has declared a

takeover. There are many individuals that are looking for other ama%ing alternatives shopping

and online shipping is &ust the fi' for that.

There are many advantages of online shopping this is the reason why online stores are a

booming business today. Online shopping includes buying clothes, gadgets, shoes, appliances, or

even daily groceries. )isted below are several online shopping advantages and these are the

following.

Advantages of Online Shopping

Save Time *o you have the specific list that you want to buy+ $ith &ust a couple of clicks of

the mouse, you can purchase your shopping orders and instantly move to other important things,

which can save time.

Save Fuel The market of fuel industries battles from increasing and decreasing its cost every

now and again, but no matter how much the cost of fuel are it does not affect your shopping

errands. One of the advantages of shopping online is that there is no need for vehicles, so no

purchase of fuel necessary.

Save Energy Admit it, it is tiresome to shop from one location and transfer to another

location. $hat is worse is that there are no available stocks for the merchandise you want to buy.

In online shopping, you do not need to waste your precious energy when buying.

omparison of !ri"es The advanced innovation of search engine allows you to easily check

prices and compare with &ust a few clicks. It is very straightforward to conduct price

comparisons from one online shopping website to another. This gives you the freedom to

determine which online store offers the most affordable item you are going to buy.

#$%& Availa'ility Online shopping stores are open round the clock of !, days a week and

/01 days. It is very rare to find any conventional retail stores that are open !. The availability

of online stores give you the freedom to shop at your own pace and convenience.

(ate )aiting in *ines $hen buying items online, there are no long lines you have to

endure, &ust to buy your merchandise. The idea of shopping online is cutting down those bad

habits of standing in a long line and &ust waiting. 2very online store is designed with uni3ue

individual ordering features to purchase the item.

Too Ashamed to +uy There are times that you want to purchase something out of the

ordinary that can be a bit embarrassing when seen by other people. Items like weird ornaments,


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se'y lingerie, adult toys, etc. In online shopping, you do not need to be ashamed your online

transactions are basically done privately.

Easy to Sear"h ,er"handise ou )ant to +uy 4ou are able to look for specific

merchandise that includes model number, style, si%e, and color that you want to purchase. In

addition, it is easy to determine whether the products are available or out of stock.

Disadvantages of Online Shopping

If there are advantages, most likely there will be disadvantages. *espite the success of

purchasing through online shopping stores, there are still some disadvantages that most people

complain about. These include5

!ersonally he" the /tem If you are one of those shoppers who want to touch, see, and testthe product personally, at online shopping, you are not able to do so. Online stores are only

showing product description and photos of the merchandise, which can be a disadvantage for

many online shoppers.

Diminished /nstant Satisfa"tion 6nlike buying at retail stores, you are able to use the

product instantly after you buy it, which can be satisfying. 7owever, online shopping re3uires

patience to wait for the item to arrive at your door step about ! to / days or even longer

depending on the location you8ve ordered it from.

Online shopping is continuously becoming more popular and improving every single day.9nowing the advantages of online shopping and its disadvantages is additional knowledge for a

lot of online shoppers that are useful before shopping online.

7ighlight of Information5

:. $hat is online shopping system.

!. The history of online shopping.

/. Advantages of online shopping.

. *isadvantages of online shopping.1. Online shopping security tips.

0. Top online shopping sites in the world.

;irst learn the online shopping system5Introduction


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different kind of things everyday. Today we can divide our life into two parts- :. =hysical life,

!. >irtual life.

In physical life, we meet each other physically. ut, in virtual life we8re using digital

technologies (like internet# to meet each other. Today virtual life is also very true as our real life,

we are doing almost everything in our virtual life. 4es? everything like- talking, communicating,

entertainment, business, banking, playing, shopping, educating and many more.

The 7istory of Online shopping

;ather of online shopping is- @ichael Aldrich, who invented online shopping in the year of :

(according to the $ikipedia#

Online shopping started at : by pi%%a 7ut. In the same year a Berman companyIntershop

"ommunicationintroduced world8s first online shopping software . After that Ama%on (:1#

and eay (:0# was launched one by one. Cow online shopping is so much popular that 2-commerce !" product sale in 6


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It is very easy.

4ou will choose your favorite items from variety of online shopping sites comparing

price and 3uality.

Co need to go physical shops. 4ou will have more time for your family.

Gust need a computer and a payment sending option (like-net banking, credit card, AT@

card#.

Almost all kinds of items can be brought through online shopping system.

4ou can buy foreign goods from your bedroom.

4ou will get your goods at your home.

It is very secure.

"ustomer service is available.

Disadvantage of shopping online2

There are also have many disadvantages of online shopping system. Those are-

4ou can never verify your purchased goods using your own hands. 7ere you have to

depend on picture, videos and descriptions. ut the chance of defects is low.


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Shipping 3ates- Though some companies offer free flat rate shipping, it still may come

at a cost. ;or instance, a clothing store may offer free shipping but at a minimum of a D1E

purchase.

)aiting - If you8re an impatient person, waiting for your product to be delivered can be a

pain. There is a lack of instant gratification and even possibilities of delay when it comes to

receiving your items.

3efunds%3eturns Disputes- If an item comes damaged or not as described, you will

want to return the item or be refunded your money. *epending on where you purchased your

item, there can be different policies for refunds and returns this process is tedious and is

prolonged since you would have to ship back the item and wait on the buyer to refund your

payment.

!. The concept of business process reengineering and its relationship with the productivityparado' and 2F=

2nterprise resource planning (2F=# is an industry term for the broad set ofactivities that helps an organi%ation manage its business

#.Definition - )hat doesBusiness Process Re-Engineering (BPR)mean4

1./ntrodu"tion5

usiness =rocess Feengineering (=F# is a management approach aiming at improvements by

means of elevating efficiency and effectiveness of the processes that e'ist within and across

organi%ations. The key to =F is for organi%ations to look at their business processes from a

Hclean slateH perspective and determine how they can best construct these processes to improve

how they conduct business.

usiness process reengineering is also known as =F, usiness =rocess Fedesign, usiness

Transformation, or usiness =rocess "hange @anagement.

In :E, @ichael 7ammer, a former professor of computer science at the @assachusetts Institute

of Technology (@IT#, published an article in the 7arvard usiness Feview, in which he claimed

that the ma&or challenge for managers is to obliterate non-value adding work, rather than using

technology for automating it (7ammer :E#.

This statement implicitly accused managers of having focused on the wrong issues, namely thattechnology in general, and more specifically information technology, has been used primarily for

automating e'isting work rather than using it as an enabler for making non-value adding work

obsolete.

usiness process re-engineering refers to the analysis, control and development of a companyssystems and workflow. The principal idea behind business process re-engineering is that a


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company is a collection of processes that evolves over time. usiness processing re-engineeringengineering gained prominence in the :Es, but has re-emerged as business software andenterprise applications have provided more in-depth analytics with which to evaluate businesssystems.

An important goal of 2F= is to facilitate the flow of information so business decisions can

bedata-driven. 2F= software suites are built to collect and organi%e data from various levels of

an organi%ation to provide management with insight into key performance indicators (9=Is#

inreal time.

2F= software modules can help an organi%ation8s administrators monitor and manage supply

chain,procurement, inventory,finance,product lifecycle,pro&ects, human resourcesand other

mission-critical components of a business through a series of interconnected e'ecutive

dashboards. In order for an 2F= software deployment to be useful, however, it needs to be

integrated with other software systems the organi%ation uses. ;or this reason, deployment of a

new 2F= system in-house can involve considerablebusiness process reengineering, employee

retraining and back-end information technology (IT# support for databaseintegration,data

analyticsand ad hocreporting.

)egacy 2F= systems tend to be architected as large, comple' homogeneous systems which do

not lend themselves easily to a software-as-a-service (


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.

/.se"urity issues of e-"ommer"e

/ntrodu"tion

I. ICTFO*6"TIOC 2-commerce


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the greatest increase in the number of attacks was e"ommerce. Attacks in this sector have risen

by :1L from !EE0 to !EE (s# were taken (Fyan, !EEM#. )ooking at the real-time responses of users to this event on the

popular Irish forum, oards.ie, we can see that privacy is of ma&or concern to users and in the

event of their privacy being compromised users become very agitated and there is an overall

negative effect on trust in e-commerce. 6ser comments in the forum included5 Im well pPssed

off about them keeping my "> on the slyQ I am &ust angry that this could have happened and to

so many peopleQ @ine was taken too. 7ow do I terminate my acc with &obs.ieQ Brr, so

annoyed, feel I should report it to the Bardai nowQ (oards.ie, !EEM#.

6. /ntegrity7 Authenti"ation 8 9on-3epudiation

In any e-commence system the factors of data integrity, customer R client authentication and

non-repudiation are critical to the success of any online business. *ata integrity is the assurance

that data transmitted is consistent and correct, that is, it has not been tampered or altered in any

way during transmission. Authentication is a means by which both parties in an online

transaction can be confident that they are who they say they are and non-repudiation is the idea


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that no party can dispute that an actual event online took place. =roof of data integrity is typically

the easiest of these factors to successfully accomplish. A data hash or checksum, such as @*1 or

"F", is usually sufficient to establish that the likelihood of data being undetectably changed is

e'tremely low (


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=hishing Attacks

=hishing is the criminally fraudulent process of attempting to ac3uire sensitive information such

as usernames, passwords and credit card details, by mas3uerading as a trustworthy entity in an

electronic communication. =hishing scams generally are carried out by emailing the victim with

a fraudulent email from what purports to be a legitimate organi%ation re3uesting sensitiveinformation. $hen the victim follows the link embedded within the email they are brought to an

elaborate and sophisticated duplicate of the legitimate organi%ations website. =hishing attacks

generally target bank customers, online auction sites (such as eay#, online retailers (such as

ama%on# and services providers (such as =ay=al#. According to community banker (


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As technology developing, the range of devices and processes to transact electronically

continues to increase while the percentage of cash and check transactions continues to decrease.

In the 6


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The $orld $ide $eb is asystemofInternet serversthatsupportspeciallyformatted documents.

The documents are formatted in a markup language called7T@)(HyperText Markup

Language# that supports links to other documents, as well asgraphics,audio, and videofiles.

This means you can &ump from one document to another simply byclickingonhot spots. Cot all

Internet servers are part of the $orld $ide $eb.

Def5

The term WWWrefers to the World Wide Webor simply the $eb. The $orld $ide $eb consists of

all the public $eb sites connected to the Internet worldwide,including the clientdevices (such as

computers and cell phones# that access $eb content. The $$$ is &ustone of many

applicationsof the Internet and computer networks.

The $orld $ide $eb (000, $/# isan information space where documents and other web

resources are identified by 6F)s, interlinked by hyperte't links, and can be accessed via theInternet. It has become known simply as the $eb.

The )orld )ide )e'(000, )6# is an information spacewhere documents and other web

resourcesare identified by 6F)s, interlinked byhyperte'tlinks, and can be accessed via

the Internet.J:KIt has become known simply as the )e'.

The $orld $ide $eb was invented by 2nglish scientist Tim erners-)eein :M. 7e wrote the

first web browser in :E J!KJ/K.

The $orld $ide $eb is the primary tool billions use to interact on the Internet, and it haschanged people8s lives immeasurably.JKJ1KJ0K$eb pagesare primarily te'tdocuments formatted

and annotated with 7yperte't @arkup )anguage(7T@)#. In addition to formatted te't, web

pages may contain images,video, and software components that are rendered in the user8s web

browseras coherent pages of multimediacontent. 2mbeddedhyperlinkspermit users

tonavigatebetween web pages. @ultiple web pages with a common theme, a common domain

name, or both, may be called a website.$ebsite content can largely be provided by the publisher,

or interactive where users contribute content or the content depends upon the user or their

actions. $ebsites may be mostly informative, primarily for entertainment, or largely for

commercial purposes.

In @arch :M Tim erners-)ee distributed the first written proposal for the $eb, which was

then called H@eshH. JKJMKThe initial proposal was presented as a more efficient system for "2FC

to communicate, but erners-)ee also reali%ed the concept could be a HboonH to the academic

world in general.JKIn Covember :E during the coding of the first browser erners-)ee and his

colleague Fobert "ailliauproposed to use hyperte't Hto link and access information of various

kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at willH,JKand erners-)ee finished the
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/system.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/Internet.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/Internet.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/server.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/support.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/format.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/format.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/document.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/document.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/HTML.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/HTML.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/G/graphics.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/G/graphics.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/G/graphics.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/file.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/click.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hot_spot.htmlhttp://linux.about.com/cs/linux101/g/WWW__World_Wide.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/basicnetworkingfaqs/a/client-server.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/wirelessinternet/f/cellmodemspeed.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/webservers/f/what-is-an-application-server.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/webservers/f/what-is-an-application-server.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/basicnetworking/f/whatsnetworking.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_spacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_resourceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_resourceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_resourceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertexthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertexthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Leehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_pagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_texthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_texthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlinkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlinkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlinkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_navigationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_navigationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_namehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_namehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-AHT-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-W90-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cailliauhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-W90-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-W90-9http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/system.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/Internet.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/server.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/support.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/format.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/document.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/HTML.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/G/graphics.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/file.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/click.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hot_spot.htmlhttp://linux.about.com/cs/linux101/g/WWW__World_Wide.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/basicnetworkingfaqs/a/client-server.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/wirelessinternet/f/cellmodemspeed.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/webservers/f/what-is-an-application-server.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/webservers/f/what-is-an-application-server.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/basicnetworking/f/whatsnetworking.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_spacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_resourceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_resourceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertexthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Leehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_pagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_texthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlinkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_navigationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_namehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_namehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-AHT-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-W90-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cailliauhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-W90-9


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first website in *ecember of that year.J:EKThe first test was completed around !E *ecember :E

and erners-)ee reported about the pro&ect on the newsgroup alt.hypertexton August ::.

M.0hat are the ey te"hnologies for +#+ E-ommer"e4 E


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The comple'ities of ! online selling translate into customer hierarchies, with differing pricing

for each, contract terms, multiple payment options, purchase authori%ation rules and approval

workflows, product portfolios, product configuration and marketing. The result is a complicated

purchasing environment that re3uires uni3ue processes and technology capabilities. The !

channel re3uires advanced functionality to support sophisticated pricing and product

configurations. This includes business rules and workflows that dictate specific pricing for

individual customers, approval processes and governance rules in order to e'ecute the sales and

marketing strategy across all channels. ;urthermore, authori%ed users should have access to the

system and be empowered to set business rules, by segment and channels, without I.T.

involvement, to ensure that sales representatives do not spend unnecessary time on internal

processes and instead can focus on current and new customer sales.

6. Analyti"s and segmentation for "reating separate and distin"t produ"t offerings and

pri"ing7 =uotation and "ontra"ts

@ost ! organi%ations dedicate resources to analy%ing product, customer and sales data.

)everaging this data enables the ! seller to develop segmented strategies to offer the optimal

pricing and product mi' personali%ed to each customers needs. 7owever, many !

organi%ations find that their customer-facing commerce platforms are not fully capable of

displaying products and pricing based on real-time updates of data on available products and

customer demand. If such data on product, pricing and governance rules are not included in the

offer, then the analytics and segmentation efforts will be wasted. An effective ! enterprise

commerce platform must include tools that can e'ecute strategies and rules based on advanced

analytics and segmentation to enable guided selling through the online channel.

$. Sophisti"ated 0orflo0s to support "omple< 'uying "y"les and selling e


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! enterprises that target multiple markets will likely have sales and marketing strategies that

are tailored to local market conditions. This typically includes offers and pricing that vary by

geography or market segments. Organi%ations should deploy a centrali%ed platform that allows

for global control of product information and customer orders, yet offers the fle'ibility to adapt

product information, marketing campaigns and order processes according to the interests and

needs of customers in each targeted market.

Bernardine Wu is founder and CEO of itorCo!!er"e# a !ulti"hannel "onsulting fir! that

helps B$B "o!panies and retailers define and exe"ute growth strategies and sele"t te"hnologies.

Other professionals at itorCo!!er"e also "ontributed to this arti"le. ollow Wu and other

itorCo!!er"e B$B "o!!er"e experts %itorCo!!er"e.

Ele"troni" Data /nter"hange >ED/?V 2*I is an inter organi%ational e'change ofbusiness documents in a structured and machine processable format.

/nternetV Internet represents $orld $ide $eb or network of networks connecting

computers across the world.

/ntranet

V Intranet represents a dedicated network of computers within a single organi%ation

E


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! implies that seller as well as buyer is business entity. ! covers large number of

applications which enables business to form relationships with their distributors, resellers,

suppliers etc. ;ollowing are the leading items in ! e-"ommerce.

2lectronics

ehicles

=etrochemicals

=aper

Office products

;ood

Agriculture

Key technologies

;ollowing are the key technologies used in ! e-commerce V

Ele"troni" Data /nter"hange >ED/?V 2*I is an inter organi%ational e'change of

business documents in a structured and machine processable format.

/nternetV Internet represents world wide web or network of networks connecting

computers across the world.

/ntranet

V Intranet represents a dedicated network of computers within a single organi%ation

E


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Architectural Models

;ollowing are the architectural models in ! e-commerce V

Supplier Oriented maretpla"eV In this type of model, a common marketplace

provided by supplier is used by both individual customers as well as business users. A

supplier offers an e-stores for sales promotion.

+uyer Oriented maretpla"eV In this type of model, buyer has hisher own market

place or e-market. 7e invites suppliers to bid on product8s catalog. A uyer company

opens a bidding site.

/ntermediary Oriented maretpla"eV In this type of model, an intermediary company

runs a market place where business buyers and sellers can transact with each other.

,odels for +#+ e-"ommer"e

searching the $eb for new supplierscustomers"ompany $eb site"ommunitiesimproving the sales process2-procurement2'tranet applications with chosen suppliersparticipating in electronic marketplaces

meera folder.docx

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