meet adas design challenges

Meet ADAS Design Challenges

Eric Sun, TTS Maxim Integrated

Jun. 12, 2019

Agenda

1 ADAS Overview

2 Gigabit Multimedia Serial Links (GMSL) for ADAS

3 Power Management for ADAS

| Maxim Integrated 2

Agenda

1 ADAS Overview




ADAS Overview


ADAS Block Diagram


Agenda

1 ADAS Overview




Why GMSL?

| Maxim Integrated7

Growth of Camera Applications is Driving Number of Video Links

• Rear view camera now standard is US

• Surround view, for parking and lane departure

• Adaptive cruise control and preemptive braking

• Pedestrian and road sign (speed limit) detection

• IR camera

• Side mirror replacement

• Blind spot warning

• Accident recording

• Driver and passenger monitoring

> Seat belt detection

> Air bag deployment control

> Sleepy driver

> Electric door safety

• Driverless cars| Maxim Integrated 8

FrontBack 1 3

2

4

CAR

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Camera Technology Requirements

• Bandwidth

• Latency

• Reliably

• Power Consumption

• Cost

• Image Quality

| Maxim Integrated9

More LCD Displays and HUD are Additional Drivers

• Center display (HVAC controls) in addition to navigation/radio

• LCD instrument cluster display (ICD)

• Side mirror replacement screens

• All of the above in a panelized display across the whole dashboard

• HUD for night vision, speedometer and side mirror replacement

| Maxim Integrated10

Why Do You Need SerDes?

• Video is up to 24 bit data

• Many parallel signals uses many wires> Expensive> Heavy> More EMI since edges radiate> Gets more difficult to route boards and control cable skew as speed goes up


Typical Application in Automotive


HU mainboard

Cluster

Camera

9276

Rear View

CSI-2

LVCMOS

3Gcoax

9276

9275

LVCMOS 3Gcoax

LVCMOS

9278

3Gcoax

oLDI CIDDual-View

CSI-29275

9277 oLDI 3G

coax

RSEDisplay

RSE

9277

9277RSE

Display

Consumer A/V

Interface Box

9278 3Gcoax

9278

9278 1.5Gcoax

3Gcoax

oLDI

oLDI

MOST

IPnetwork

MOST IP

network

LVCMOS

Maxim GMSL SerDes

SoCProcessor 9277

96706

96705

GMSL Basic Architecture

• Forward video and reverse channel co-exist on the same link

• Bus-width (30-bit or 40-bit) Pixel clock varies from up to 104MHz, data rates up to 3.12Gbps

• IO available for dedicated I2S audio channel

• Full-duplex with reverse control channel data rate up to 1Mbps

Int


GMSL Video Channel & Control Channel


Frame Structure: RGB666


18-bit video (RGB666) + 3 control bits (HS, VS, DE) + 3 overhead bits) + 8B/10B = 30

8B/10B Coding


• All data is scrambled (x43-1) before 8B/10B coding

• Scrambling gets rid of patterns that would cause EMI

• 8B/10B ensures dc balance and guarantees only 5 bits or less of consecutive 1’s or 0’s, which helps receiver

Frame Structure: RGB888


24-bit video (RGB888) + 2 aux bits + 3 control bits (HS, VS, DE) + 3 overhead bits) + 8B/10B = 40

How to Calculate Required PCLK from Resolution

• Start with image size

• Multiply by frame rate (typically 30fps for cameras, 60 fps for displays)

• Multiply by 1.25. This is the typical amount of vertical and horizontal blanking. 1.2 to 1.5 is normal range.

• This is the required PCLK

• Do you need 30 or 40-bit frames

• Will the device work


1920 x 720 x 60fps is the most popular size for instrument clusters with designs starting now.1920 x 720 x 1.25 x 60 = 104MHz!For 6-bit color, 30-bit frame. For 8-bit color 30-bit High Bandwidth Mode on 3.125Gbit/s part

GMSL Control Channel

• Up to 1Mbit/s UART, 400kbit/s I2C (coding)

• UART or I2C (and this is the most popular mode)> Software selectable devices address> Address translation> Build-in timeouts and auto-ACK> Retransmission option on some camera parts

• Used for > Touch screen control> Backlight adjust> Camera sensor programming

• Control Channel may have multiple uses> INT and data for touch screens> Frame Sync for Multi cameras


GMSL Technical Advantages


GMSL SerDes Advantages Performance and Features

• All DR parts are compatible with STP and Coax cables

• All GMSL parts are compatible with each other

• One single coax cable for (Video + Audio + Control Channel + Power)

• Provides exceptional link performance for more than 15 meters at full speed with margin

• Extensive diagnostic features like Line Fault, Decoding Error Counter and PRBS Test support development and facilitate maintenance

• Includes several link quality improvement features (amplitude adjustment, programmable Pre/De-Emphasis and programmable equalization)

• SERDES Family with parallel , LVDS (oLDI) , CSI-2 interfaces allow applications with mixed I/O types for design flexibility

• Defined and controlled Spread Spectrum on the link reduces EMI

• Integrated Jitter Filter on the transmit side eliminates both parallel output clock jitter and improves receiver performance


Diagnostics

• Main status monitors are available on pins as well as registers for fast/visual indication

• Lock detection pin and register indicates deserializer has synchronized to serializer data stream

• CRC, parity and coding error pin and register with programmable detection limits

• Programmable PRBS test duration and error threshold settings

• Eye width detection(some parts only)


Line-fault Detection

• In automotive, signal entering the wiring harness must sustain a faulty condition without damage

• line-fault detection circuit protects AC-coupled Link short-to-battery or short-to-ground or open

• GMSL SerDes have registers that detects the line-fault type


MAX9259

Crossbar Switch(MAX967XX only)


Without Crossbar With Crossbar

Input Clock Jitter Filter Increases Link Margin

• SoC or on-board oscillator provides the input pixel clock

• Ser Jitter Filter PLL cleans up jitter on the input clock, increase link reliability

• Programmable narrow-band jitter filtering PLL attenuate out of PLL’s BW (i.e. <100kHz)

MAX9275


(deserializer independently programmable for up to +/- 4% spread output)

Spread-Spectrum Serial Output

• SSC varies the period of the clock signal to spread the energy, lower EMI

• Programmable registers at both ends of link


Up to 14 dB Programmable Pre-emphasis levels Up to 6 dB Programmable De-emphasis levels Programmable Signal amplitude

Programmable Pre-emphasis/De-emphasis on SER extends max cable length beyond 15m at 3.125Gbps.

SER OutputNo Pre/De-emp

DES InputNo Pre/De-emp

10m+3 In line Con

DES Input6 dB Pre-emp

10m+3 In line Con

DES Input8dB Pre-emp

10m+3 In line Con

DES Input14dB Pre-emp

10m+3 In line Con

GMSL Pre-emphasis/De-emphasis

33 | Maxim Integrated

Eye diagram at the RX Equalizer INPUT for 10m cable (Rosenberger s-parameter model) @3.12Gbs

Eye diagram at the RX Equalizer OUTPUT for 10m cable (Rosenberger s-parameter model) @3.12Gbs

GMSL Programmable Cable Equalizer

34 | Maxim Integrated

Maxim Solutions for Serializer and Deserilizer


MAX96707+AR0143 Reference Design


Deserilizer Solution

• MIPI (Mobile Industry Peripheral Interconnect) interfaces were developed for cellphones. Use has extended to tablets and automotive. > CSI = Camera System Interface

> DSI = Display System Interface

• Cameras 2MP (megapixel) and up, typically use CSI.

• GMSL addresses 1MP cameras which are parallel interface, but SoCs increasingly use CSI as the camera interface.

• MAX9288 allows up to 4 lane CSI-2 at up to 1Gb/s per lane

• MAX9286 allows up to 4 lane CSI-2 at up to 1.2Gb/s per lane



> CSI-2 output (4 data lanes x 1.2Gbps per lane)

> Four 1.5Gbps GMSL inputs

> Pairs with any GMSL serializer (ex: 9271/9259/9275/96705)

> Output formatted for compatibility with SoC video processor

MAX9286: Quad Deserilizer with CSI-2 Output

STP orcoax

Surround View

STP orcoax

STP orcoax

STP orcoax

CSI-2

MAX9286

Four Cameras Combined into One Panoramic Image


4W pixels

Camera 1 (WxH) pixels Camera 2 (WxH) pixels

Camera 3 (WxH) pixels Camera 4 (WxH) pixels

IN0 IN1 IN2 IN3

MAX9286

CSI-2 Output

CSI-2 packet with 1st lines

1st line

Packet Header Packet Footer


Camera SynchronizationTwo methods of camera sync1)Internal: FRSYNC Generator drives GPO/FSIN. SoC starts FRSYNC

generator by one I2C write. 1us max skew between FSIN at cameras. FSIN generated every frame. I2C stretched while FRSYNC is generated. FSYNC can be generated:

1. Automatically – MAX9286 determines timing and generates it for all cameras

2. Semi-automatically – MAX9286 determines frame time for one camera and outputs FSYNC to all cameras based on that

3. Manually – SoC programs frame timing into MAX9286

2) External: SoC generates sync by driving GPIO pin to 9286 FRSYNC/GPI. Signal travels over 9286 backchannel to GPO/FSIN. 1us max skew between FSIN. SoC must provide sync timing needed by cameras.

GPO(0)

96705

9286 FRSYNCGenerator

Camera(0)

FSIN(0)

GPO(1)

96705

Camera(1)

FSIN(1)

GPO(2)

96705

Camera(2)

FSIN(2)

GPO(3)

96705

Camera(3)

FSIN(3)

I2C

SoCI2C

GPIO

FRSYNC/GPI

Back channel of serial links

Video Video Video Video

Serializer Product Summary


Deserilizer Product Summary


Agenda

1 ADAS Overview




Challenges for ADAS Power Supply DesignRobust performance

Small SolutionSize

High Efficiency

Low Standby Power

High Power DensityASIL

Low Noise

| Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential38

• 2MHz Fsw reduces inductor & capacitor sizes

• Integration of Power FET’s

• Multiple outputs in a single chip

Cost Effective & Small Size High Efficiency Reduced EMI

TDFNPackage

Small Ceramic Cout

Small Output Inductor

• Family of low quiescent current products• MAX20003 with 15A Iq• MAX16930 with 20A Iq

• Up to 95% efficient @5Vout

• Features that lower and mitigate EMI emissions• Spread Spectrum• PWM for constant frequency• 2MHz Operation• Forced PWM mode and Ext. Synch


Maxim Automotive Power Solutions Benefits

Powering the Remote Camera


Power Over Coax

• STP systems actually often use twisted quad, with one pair used for data and one for power

• To send power over the same wires as signal requires filters> For STP one filter in +, one in –

> For coax one filter

• To fully realize the potential of coax, must use the same cable for power.


Camera Module Block Diagram


Main Components

Power over coax

VIN

(@ 10V)PoC filter

IMG

IMG

IMG

SER

3.3V, 300mA

1.8V, 250mA

1.2V, 140mA

Power Management

SMPS 1V2

LDO 1V8

SMPS 3V3VIN

EN

VOUT

PG

VIN

EN

VIN

EN

VOUT

PG

8V

PoC Filter


• 3-inductors (330nH, 6.8uH and 100uH)

• One ferrite bead and inductor 47uH or 100uH

PoC: SMPSMAX20019-20 remote camera power – power over coax camera power supply

MAX20087 Quad

Camera Protector

MAXIM

Serializer + Image Sensor

Example camera module

ECU Remote Camera

MAX20019


Dual 3.2MHz, 500mA Buck Converter for Automotive CamerasMAX20019-MAX20020

Applications

• Remote camera module

• Point of load

• Forward/rear/side-view camera

Features

Small solution

• VIN 3.5V to 17V [ABS MAX 18V]

• TDFN 10pin 3mm x 2mm

• Buck1 out 5V, 3.3V, 3.0V, 2.8V 500mA

• Buck2 out 1.8V,1.5V,1.2V, 1V 500mA

• Soft start time to reduce inrush in coax 1msec

• OV protection +/- 3% over full load and temperature

• User controlled power sequencing – MAX20020 [SUP: OUT1 & EN: OUT2] MAX20019 [OUT1 1.3ms OUT2]

Efficient

• OUT1 & 2 ~ 90% efficiency

• OUT1 and OUT2 operate 180o out of phase

Quiet-low noise

• Fixed 3.2MHz switching frequency for HV step-down (2.2Mhz @VIN >10V)

• Fixed 3.2MHz switching frequency for LV step-down

• Spread spectrum option

AEC-Q100, temp range: -40oC to +125oC


OUT1 5V 3.3 3 2.8

1.8V

3.3V 1.5V

OUT2 1.2V

1.0V

FUSION ECU

[email protected]

Remote Camera 1

Microprocessor

Remote Camera 2

Remote Camera 3

Remote Camera 4

ILIM Switch

Maxim quad deserializer

BATT

Coaxial cable [email protected]




Power supply

MAX20049 + Image Sensor + Serializer

PoC: SMPS

What the MAX20049 OffersMAX20049

LDO117VIN_MAX

3.3V, 3.0V, 2.8V

100mAPMOS

EN2.8V

2.2µF

EP

HVSTEP-DOWN

PWMOUT1

3.8V, 3.3V, 3.0V, 2.8V, 2.5V,

1V-2V500mA

LX1

OUT1S

EN

SUP1

BST1

BIAS

BIAS

3.3VOUT1

VSUP

PGND1

3.3µH

22µF

1µFAGND

OUT3

HVSTEP-DOWN

PWMOUT2

3.8V, 3.3V, 3.0V, 2.8V, 2.5V

1V-2V500mA

LX2

OUT2SEN

3.3µH

22µF

1.8VOUT2

OUT1, OUT2, LDO3, LDO4

COMPARATOR

PGOOD

VBIAS

LDOIN3

1µF

SUP2

LDO2 1-2V 100mV

step,400mAPMOS EN

1.2V

4.7µF

OUT4

BST2

BIAS

GNDL

OUT1S - ZMOOUT2S - YMO

PGND2

Small solution• VIN 3.5V to 17V [ABS MAX 18V]• SW TDFN 16pin 3mm x 3mm (TD1633Y+5C)• 17V LDO1 3.3V, 3.0V, 2.8V• LV LDO for 1V-2V/400mA• LDO input for reduced power loss• 17V dual buck – each 500mA capable• All outputs adjustable• +/-2% over full load and temp• Soft start time to reduce Inrush in Coax 3msec• OV/UV protection on buck1 and buck2• PGOOD output for LDO and buck railsEfficient• OUT1 & 2 ~ 90% efficiency • OUT1 and OUT2 operates 180° out of phaseQuiet - low noise• High PSRR low noise LDO (60db@1kHz, 50db@10kHz,

50uVRMS)• Fixed 2.2MHz switching frequency • Spread spectrum optionAEC-Q100, Temp Range: -40°C to +125°C

Features

• Remote camera module• Point of Load• Forward/rear/side-view camera

ApplicationsUltra small PCB solution for

4-channel camera applications

Powering the ADAS ECU


Ideal ADAS Camera Power Solution


Power PMIC Inside the Camera ECU & Recommended Solution

MAX20414 SMPS meets all of the system’s

voltage requirements

MAX20003MAX20002

Ideal ADAS Radar Power Solution


ADAS Radar PMIC & Recommended Solution



MAX20075 HV BUCK

Benefits

• Small solution size

• Highly efficient

• Low EMI

MAX20014 Features

• Dual synchronous 3A buck converters and synchronous boost converter

• 2.2MHz switching frequency

• Spread spectrum oscillator

Ideal Instrument Cluster Power Solution


Instrument Cluster PMIC & & Recommended Solution



MAX20098 HV BUCK

• Small solution size and lower BOM cost

• Efficiency and flexible solution

• Robust performance in harsh automotive environment

Benefits


Battery-connected, high-voltage power solutions

Secondary, low-voltage power solutions

CAN

SOC

Memory

MMIC

Etc.

12V battery

Building block parts Differentiated / ASSP SOC partnership Customer / field input

Maxim Automotive Power Portfolio

Powering the LEDs


Display Solutions

Display locationsDisplay

Numbers

Instrument Cluster 1

(Center Info Display) CID 1-2

Smart Back Mirror 1

Side Mirror Replacement 2

(Heads Up Display) HUD 1

Rear Seat Mount on Head Support 2

Rear Seat Mount on Roof 1

Total: Up to 10 displays per car

§Boost and Sepic configurations supported

§Vin range 4.5V to 40V

§Wide PWM dimming range

Benefits

§4x150mA LED current, +/-3% accuracy

§Wide 5000:1 Dimming Ratio

§Adaptive boost voltage control

§ Internal short and open LED protection, Over Temperature Protections

§ Fs=200kHz – 2.2MHz

§ Fault Indicator Output

Features

§Automotive Displays, LED Backlights

§DRL/Fog Lamps/Turn Indicators/RCL

Applications


MAX168144-Channel LED Driver B/L with HV DC-DC Boost/SEPIC

§Minimal External Components

§Highly integrated solution for 6 LED strings

§ EMI and Noise-reduction features

Benefits

§ 6 Strings with 120mA max/String

§ Phase Shifting

§ Spread Spectrum Mode Reduces EMI

§Wide 10000:1 Dimming Ratio

§ Low Shutdown Current (<10uA)

§Comprehensive Fault Protection – OVP, LED short, LED open.

§Open Drain Fault Indicator

§ 24 lead TSSOP with Exposed Pad

Features

§Center Stack Displays

§Heads Up Displays

§ Instrument Clusters

§Navigation Display

Applications

Mass Production

MAX20056 - 6x120mA LED Driver with Boost/SEPIC Controller

56 | Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential

MAX20069: 4-Ch TFT-LCD Power Supply with 4-String LED Driver

AP74

BATT VCC

NDRV

LGND

COMP

CS

OVP

ISET

DIM

OUT1

LX

FBP

INN

HVINP

POS

NEG

LXN

EP

EN

GND

SEQ

DN

DP

PGVDD

IN

DGVEE

DGVDD

FBPG

FBNG

REF

C1

BATTERY INPUT

C2 C21

R15R11

R12

C 22

DIM INPUT

D13

R10

C23

C4

C5

C6L 2

D2

VPOS

VNEG

FAULT OUTPUT

TFT POWER INPUT

C7

C10

R 5C9

VDGVDD

VDGVEE

C10

C 19

C14

R7

R 6

C 11C 20

D 3

D 9

D5

D11D6

D 12

L3

R16

R 9

R 4

D4

C8

D7

TFT POWER INPUT

FLT

TFT POWER INPUT

R 17

C 22

L 1 D 1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4

DGND ADD

PGND

SDA

SCLI2C BUS

57 | Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential

§Boost/SEPIC Backlight Controller

§ I2C Control/Diagnostic Interface

§ 40-lead 6x6mm TQFN Package

Benefits

§ POS, NEG, GVDD, GVEE Voltage Adjustment

§ Flexible Sequencing

§ 4x120mA LED current sinks

§Overtemperature Indication & Pre-warning at 125°C

§Open and Shorted LED Diagnostics

§ Fs=200kHz – 2.2MHz

§ Spread Spectrum

Features

§Automotive Displays, LED Backlights

Applications

Safety and Reliability


How the MAX20086/87/88/89 Add ValueDiscrete solution vs MAX20086/87 – Example customer block diagram on the left

• Lower BOM cost compared to discrete and integrated competitor solution

• Provides a complete set of diagnostic fault information

• Isolate all faults on harness/camera from single power supply/other cameras

Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential

MAX20087

Short to VBATT

Intelligent diagnostics

ASIL compliant

MAX16127 Auto Grade Load Dump/Reverse Voltage


Description

Benefits

• Load dump/reverse-voltage protection circuits protect power supplies from damaging input voltage conditions, including overvoltage, reverse-voltage, and high-voltage transients

• During OV events, the device clamps the rail at the OV threshold

• -36V to 90V protection range

• Adjustable OV and UV thresholds

• 350µA (max) supply current

• Operates down to +3V for cold crank situations Availability

• In Production • AEC-Q100 qualified• IOS 7637 UL testing reports available

Applications

• Power supply protection• ADAS• Infotainment• Truck/EV battery

MAX16141 Ideal Diode Controller and Protection Circuit


Description Benefits

• Provides system protection against reverse current, overcurrent, undervoltage, overvoltage and over temperature conditions

• Wide Voltage Range

• 3.5V to 36V Operating Voltage Range

• -36V to +60V Protection Voltage Range

• 10 uA Shutdown mode

• 15 uA Sleep mode delivering up to 400 uA to the load

• Eliminates Discrete Diode Power Dissipation

• Auto-retry for over temperature and over current

Applications

• Automotive Power Systems• Central Information Display

meet adas design challenges

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