meeting of the - nfpa · new business a. selection, care and maintenance (scam) document b. next...

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON WILDLAND FIRE FIGHTING PROTECTIVE

CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT

NFPA 1977 Second Draft Meeting

December 16-17, 2014

San Antonio, TX

AGENDA

Meeting Start Time: Tuesday, December 16, 2014 at 0900

1. Self-introduction of members and guests

2. NFPA Staff Liaison Report – Dave Trebisacci

3. Chairman’s Remarks – Rick Swan

4. Approval of Minutes of January 22-23, 2014 (attached)

5. Review of Public Comments to NFPA 1977 (attached)

6. Technical Committee Second Revisions

7. Old business

a. Fire shelter discussion (see attached FPRF Project Summary)

8. New business

a. Selection, Care and Maintenance (SCAM) document

b. Next meeting

9. Adjourn at close of business, Wednesday, December 17, 2014

NFPA 1977 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON WILDLAND FIRE FIGHTING PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT

January 22-23, 2014

San Diego, CA

MINUTES

Principal Members in Attendance: Rick Swan, Chair IAFF Marc Mousseau, Secretary Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Center Richard Brown NVFC Steven Corrado UL Vincent Diaz Atlantic Thread & Supply Company Tricia Hock SEI R.J. Johnson US Department of the Interior Kirk Kushen Kern County FD David Moore Glendale FD Anthony Petrilli USDA Forest Service Brian Shiels PBI Performance Products Richard Weise Southern Area Fire Equipment Research Alternate Members in Attendance: Dennis Davis USDA Forest Service Joel Fassbinder IAFF John Rihn MSA Guests in Attendance: Matt Elmore Bullard Dave Haston US Forest Service Godot Apuzzo US Forest Service Ryan Davidson Western Shelter Dave Teter Cal Fire Roger Barker NCSU Zeb Atkinson Invista Grant Hunter Lacrosse Footwear William Smith Tencate Protective Fabrics Charles Dunn Tencate Protective Fabrics Tim Durby Phoenix FD Ruth Cooper CALPIA Karen Bengtson CALPIA Nicole Collins CALPIA Jim Roth Wildland Firefighter Foundation Rick Hutchinson Cal Fire David Trebisacci NFPA Staff Liaison

1. Chairman Swan called the meeting to order at 0900 hrs. 2. The Minutes of the Technical Committee web conference of October 2, 2013 were approved. 3. NFPA Staff Liaison Dave Trebisacci covered the procedures for meetings and also provided an update to changes that have occurred related to document processing. 4. Review of Public Input to NFPA 1977 and creation of First Revisions (Please see the NFPA 1977 First Draft Report when available at www.nfpa.org/1977, Next Edition tab, under First Draft). 5. Dr. Roger Barker of North Carolina State University provided an overview of NCSU research on wildland firefighter protective clothing (please see presentation attached to these minutes). 6. A request to create a selection, care and maintenance standard for wildland fire fighting protective clothing and equipment will be on the NFPA Standards Council agenda for approval at the Council’s March 3-4, 2014 meeting. 7. The topic of fire shelters was discussed by the technical committee. The TC will submit a request to the Standards Council for approval to create a stand alone document for fire shelters. 8. Action items for Second Draft Meeting: Garment Dimensions Ryan Davidson

Top Line Vince Diaz (drawing and definitions) Gloves Anthony Petrilli (send gloves to UL)

9. Next meeting date and time – to be determined 10. The meeting adjourned on January 23, 2014 at 1600 hrs. Submitted by Marc Mousseau – Secretary

http://www.nfpa.org/1977

NC State Research on WildlandFirefighter Protective Clothing

Dr. Roger Barker NCSU Center for Research on Textile Protection and

C f tComfortNFPA 1977 Technical Committee Meeting

San Diego, CaliforniaJanuary 22‐23 2014January 22‐23, 2014

NCSU Research TeamNCSU Research TeamCo‐PI: Dr. Alex HummelH t t / f tHeat stress/comfort• Marika Walker(MS TE)• Julisha Joyner(MS TE)y ( )• Kevin RossRadiant heat protection

J h M t A l i• John Morton‐Aslanis• Kyle Watson(MS TE)• Alex HummelAlex HummelProject technical manager: A. Shawn Deaton

K Q ti f Wildl d PPEKey Questions for Wildlands PPE• How much thermal protection is needed?o uc t e a p otect o s eeded?• What is the “right” heat exposure intensity for testing wildland firefighter protective clothing?g g p g

• What is the best balance between protection and optimum heat stress and comfort?

• Test Methods:– What test methods are currently used in the

d d ? Wh “ h ld” b d?standards? What “should” be used? – How do these methods need to be advance/modified?– Systems level or Bench level testing?– Systems level or Bench level testing?

R bl M i E (RME)Reasonable Maximum Exposure (RME)• From 2010 Cal Fire Wildland Firefighting Hazard & Risk Assessment (2010)( )

• RME based off of Cohen Thermal Radiation ModelModel

• RME = 7.1 kW/m2

O h RME M d P di iOther RME Measurement and PredictionsAuthor Findings Commentsg

Who, Where, Model/Experiment

CAL FIRE RME of 7.1 kW/m2 Cohen thermal radiation model

Project Aquarius 4 RME of 8.6 kW/m2 with average of < 2 kW/m2

Australia, Experimental fires were lit and measured via airborneof < 2 kW/m lit and measured via airborne infrared imagery

Phani K. Raj RME of 6.3 kW/m2 with average f 5 kW/ 2

Technology and Management S USA Th i lof 5 kW/m2 Systems, USA, Theoretical radiation model

Sullivan, Ellis, and RME of 6.7 kW/m2 CSIRO Forestry and Forest , ,Knight

/ yProducts, Australia, Stefan‐Boltzmann thermal radiation model

C i f T M h d H FlComparison of Test Method Heat Fluxes1000

300

Extraordinary(7.2-84 kW/m2)

100ratu

re (

C)

Ordinary(2.1-7.1 kW/m2)

60

100

Air

Tem

per

Routine

20

Routine(0-2 kW/m2)

RME RPP TPP

101 10 100

Thermal Radiation (kW/m2)7.1 21 84

CAL FIRE RPP d THL R i tCAL FIRE RPP and THL Requirements• CAL Fire sought a performance basis to reduce h dheat stress and increase protection– RME provides rational basis for RPP requirementsRPP i t f 7 t 10 l/ 2– RPP requirement from 7 to 10 cal/cm2

• Making thinner garments non compliant with CAL OSHA Standard

• RPP of 10 at 7.1 kW/m2 results in 60 seconds of protection• Effects of clothing layers not considered • Issues with repeatability of RPP testp y

‐‐Increased THL from 450 to 500 W/m2• Physiological benefit of increased THL needed to be

f llscientifically demonstrated

P j t St diProject Studies• Study the properties of wildland clothing y p p gmaterials that affect radiant heat protection and heat stress.

• Develop and demonstrate improved test methods• Develop and demonstrate improved test methods for characterizing the RPP at both fabric and whole garment levels (RadMan ™ and RPP)

• Conduct physiological based human wear trials to determine correlations between humans, sweating hot plate(THL) sweating manikin andsweating hot plate(THL), sweating manikin, and physiological manikin

C t NFPA 1977 R i tCurrent NFPA 1977 Requirements• Radiant Protective ad a t otect ePerformance (RPP)– 7 cal/cm2 for single layer fabric samples

• Total Heat Loss (THL) Sweating Hot Plate:Sweating Hot Plate:– 450 W/m2 for single layer fabric samplesp

• 500 Degree Oven Test– No melt, drip, shrink of pclothing materials

C i ASTM F1939 d F2731Comparing ASTM F1939 and F2731• Investigation ofInvestigation of

– Apparatus differences• Heat sources• Sensors

– Heat flux differences• 21 kW/m2• 21 kW/m• 7.1 kW/m2

– Burn injury models• Henrique’s• Stoll

S d d RPP T ASTM F1939Standard RPP Test ASTM F1939• Bank of radiant quartz tubes used as radiant heat source

• Fabric samples exposedFabric samples exposed to 21 kW/m2 (0.5 cal/cm2s)

• Thermal sensor behind• Thermal sensor behind fabric measures heat flux reaching skinE d il 2nd• Exposed until a 2nddegree burn is predicted based on Stoll burn i icriteria

• RPPRPP– Designed for 21 to 84 kW/m2

m2 )

• RME set to 7.1 kW/m2

– Uses quarts tubesUses copper slug sensor ea

t flux (cal/cm

– Uses copper slug sensor• Issues with saturation

– Uses Stoll Curve

He

Time (sec)

• Not validated after 30 seconds

Limitations of RPP Method

ASTM F 2731ASTM F 2731• Designed for lower level heat fluxes, or RME(5 – 10 kW/m2)• Utilizes black body ceramic heat source that is more likely to

stay at steady‐state than quartz tubes• Water cooled sensor to mimic human skin response and• Water cooled sensor to mimic human skin response and

prevent heat saturation in long duration exposures• Uses more sophisticated skin burn model

R dM ™ D l tRadMan™ Development• This research is developing a

totally new instrumented manikin test system for evaluating the radiant heat gprotection provided by whole garment systems

• Radiant Heat Exposures: 5 To 21Radiant Heat Exposures: 5 To 21 kW/m2

• Exposure durations: 5 seconds to >5 minutes>5 minutes

• Provides burn injury predictions specific to location on the body

H R dM ™ Diff F P M ™How RadMan™ Differs From PyroMan ™• PyroMan™:

– High intensity, short duration heat exposure (84 kW/m2)

– Represents a flashover scenario

– Systems‐level version of TPPy• RadMan™:

– Low intensity, long duration exposures (7 1 kW/m2)exposures (7.1 kW/m )

– Represents wildlands “Reasonable Maximum Exposure”Exposure

– Systems‐level version of RPP

R dM ™ Th l M iki S tRadMan™ Thermal Manikin System

• Project:T t d 10 ildl d– Tested 10 wildland ensembles ranging from lightweight to heavy‐lightweight to heavyweight and multi‐layer

M i H t StMeasuring Heat Stress

Sweating Hot Plate Sweating Manikin Physiological Testing

NFPA 1977 Total Heat Loss of no less than 450 W/m2

NFPA 1977Total Heat Loss of no less than 450 W/m(garment fabric) THL value set to 450 W/m2 by the NFPA committeeTHL value set to 450 W/m by the NFPA committee There is no experimental basis for this THL pass/fail criterion.

When total surface area of reinforcements exceeds Table 7.1.6.1, each reinforcement section has the same THL requirements as full garment. Prevents manufacturers from making a double layer product and only testing the outer layer.

S ti H t Pl t (THL)Sweating Hot Plate(THL)

American Society for T ti d M t i lTesting and Materials (ASTM) F‐1868 Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of ClothingResistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

25°C; 65% RH; wind speed: 1 m/s

S ti M ikiSweating Manikin ASTM F1291 / ASTM F2370/

Human form skin model Garment Characterization

Insulation Insulation Thermal Resistance (Rt)

Breathability Evaporative Resistance* (Ret)

*Inversely related

S ti ikiSweating manikin

Sweating Manikin(effect of Sweating Manikin(effect of l hi l )l hi l )clothing layers)clothing layers)

USFS Cal FireUSFS Cal Fire

R i f tReinforcements

Garment meets theGarment meets the 1977 standards!!

P j t O tProject Outcomes• The effects of fabric constructions and clothing glayers on RPP and THL performance is being qualified in systematically designed experiments

• Our findings will contribute information that can• Our findings will contribute information that can be used to design and select heat resistant materials with optimum RPP/THL balance for wildland firefighter clothing

• Advanced instrumented manikins and controlled human physiological studies are providing anhuman physiological studies are providing an unprecedented basis for correlating THL requirements with heat stress reduction in ldl d f f hwildland firefighter suits

P j t O tProject Outcomes• New optimized RPP testing procedure has been p g pdeveloped and demonstrated. New method has been shown to provide more accurate and stable characterization of the RPP performance ofcharacterization of the RPP performance of materials used in the construction of wildland firefighter PPE

• Lower RME radiant heat testing exposure has been shown to increase single layer RPP index, opening the door to the use of thinner clothingopening the door to the use of thinner clothing materials, to the benefit of higher THL, heat stress reduction, and improved wear comfort

T l ti t NFPA 1977 St d dTranslation to NFPA 1977 Standard• New testing methods and protocols – provide informationNew testing methods and protocols provide information

and possible options for the next NFPA 1977 Standard‐improved technical basis for RPP and THL requirements

• Systems level testing( Sweat manikin and Radman™ to evaluate garment layering and design effects)

Why rely on layering design requirement for whole garment?

The purpose of this presentation was to overview a research project that may be of interest to the wildland firefighter community. The research team is g ycurrently working to publish the details of this research in peer reviewed scientific journals. Dissemination of the findings of this project to the Dissemination of the findings of this project to the Fire Service is a priority of this project. No specific recommendations regarding NFPA standards are being made at this time.being made at this time.

CaveatCaveat

1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 Telephone: +1.617.984.7281 Fax: +1.617.984.7010

Email: [email protected] www.NFPA.org/Foundation

Advanced Fire Blocking Materials for

Enhanced Performance in Wildland Fire Shelters

PROJECT SUMMARY Last Updated: 10 September 2014

Background: Wildland fire shelters are used by fire fighters as a last line of defense when trapped by an approaching wildfire. Recent fire fighter deaths in Yarnell Hill, Arizona (2013) exposed limitations in the current fire shelter. These shelters were redesigned in 2002, and since then new advanced materials have become available that could potentially provide significant performance improvements. Some of these improvements include:

Enhance metalized reflective coatings (Atomic Layer Deposition) Temperature reactive shape memory alloys Low density “super-insulation” aero-gel fabrics Enhanced composite layering strategies and adhesion techniques

This research project will evaluate the efficacy of these next generation material concepts for use in wildland fire shelters and re-examine testing methodologies and procedures used to assess their performance. Implementation and Schedule: This research project is led by North Carolina State University (NCSU) with collaborative support from the Fire Protection Research Foundation. Funding for this project is through a DHS/FEMA Assistance to Fire Fighter (AFG) Fire Grant. The supporting role of the Foundation will be conducted in accordance with section 6 of the Foundation Policies and will be guided by a Project Technical Panel who will provide input to the project, review periodic reports of progress and research results, and review the final project report. This three year project is scheduled to be completed in July 2017. Project Goal and Objectives: The goal of this project is to explore the performance advantages gained by using advanced heat resistant fabric technologies in the construction of the wildland fire shelter design. This will be accomplished through the following objectives:

Study novel materials concepts for fire shelters that have the potential to significantly improve on existing fabric technology (fiberglass and silica fabrics with aluminized outer surfaces) in fire blocking, weight, durability, and performance.

Demonstrate high performing heat resistant materials that do not generate toxic gases in the thermal exposures encountered in wildland fire environments.

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Re-examine the baseline testing requirements and protocols currently promulgated by the US Forest Service to characterize the performance of prototype materials used in the construction of fire shelters.

Conduct field testing of prototype shelters in actual wildland fire environments. Contribute initial technical basis for an NFPA performance standard for fire shelter materials and

an index for rating fire shelter materials above minimum performance. This research will contribute to improve wildland firefighter safety by developing high performance fabric systems for fire shelter construction and by providing an initial basis for future performance standards for fire shelters. These outcomes will provide fire shelter manufacturers with more advanced materials options, as well as enhanced evaluation of fire shelter materials alternatives. Project Methodology: This project will conduct a coordinated series of experimental studies aimed at developing and comparatively evaluating a variety of prototype heat resistant materials for use in wildland fire shelters. The methodological approach can be summarized as follows:

The prototype materials will be developed and competitively tested following the US Forest Service (USFS) guideline for screening fire shelter prototypes, enhanced with additional laboratory tests uniquely available at NCSU, including full scale tests of thermal performance.

An analysis of comparative prototype performance in all categories, including heat resistance, thermal insulation, off-gassing propensity, strength, abrasion resistance, and weight will be conducted in comparison to the USFS baseline material.

The process of competitive testing will culminate with identification of the fabric technology having the best performance and the best performing materials will be fabricated into prototype wildland fire shelters.

The prototype fire shelter will be tested in full scale shelter tests of convective and radiant heat exposure, strength, and durability following the USFS prototype screening guidelines, augmented with NCSU's unique full systems fire and radiant heat protection research capabilities, including our PyroMan™ and RadMan™ fire and radiant heat chamber testing facilities.

Full-scale lab testing will be followed by field tests involving controlled forest fires conducted in North Carolina and the southeastern United States.

Performance data from all testing levels, bench to field, will then be analyzed to identify the best performing prototype materials and to establish correlations between laboratory assessments and shelter performance.

Project Tasks: In summary, the following are the tasks for this project:

1) Task 1: New Material Development - Next Generation Composites 2) Task 2: Test Protocols Development - Current Standard Shelter - Modify large scale tests for

shelters 3) Task 3: Bench Level Testing - Heat & Flame - Strength & Toxicity - Down select to prototypes 4) Task 4: Large Scale Testing - PyroMan™ & RadMan™ 5) Task 5: Controlled Forest Fire Testing - Fully instrument shelters - Different environments and

fuel loads 6) Task 6: Analysis of Combined Data Bases 7) Task 7: Disseminate Results - Wildland Firefighter Community - NFPA 1977

Public Comment No. 1-NFPA 1977-2014 [ Section No. 2.3.4 ]

2.3.4 ASTM Publications.ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,www.astm.org.

ASTM B 117, Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus, 2011.

ASTM B 152/B 152M, Standard Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar, 2013.

ASTM D 1424, Standard Test Method for the Tear Resistance of Woven Fabrics by Falling Pendulum(Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus, 2013.

ASTM D 1683, Standard Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven Fabrics, 2011.

ASTM D 1776, Standard Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing, 2009.

ASTM D 3787, Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles — Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT)Ball Burst Test, 2011.

ASTM D 4966, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale AbrasionTester Method), 2013.

ASTM D 6413, Standard Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test), 2013.

ASTM D 6193, Standard Practice for Seams and Stitches

ASTM E 809, Standard Test Method for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of Retroreflectors, 2013.

ASTM E 810, Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizingthe Coplanar Geometry, 2013.

ASTM F 1060, Standard Test Method for Thermal Protective Performance of Materials for ProtectiveClothing for Hot Surface Contact, 2008.

ASTM F 1342, Standard Test Method for Protective Clothing Material Resistance to Puncture, 2013 E1.

ASTM F 1414, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower Body(Legs) Protective Clothing, 2013.

ASTM F 1790, Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in ProtectiveClothing, 2005.

ASTM F 1868, Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Usinga Sweating Hot Plate, 2013.

ASTM F 1897, Standard Specification for Leg Protection for Chain Saw Users, 2008.

ASTM F 1939, Standard Test Method for Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant Clothing Materialswith Continuous Heating, 2008.

ASTM F 2010, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Glove Effects on Wearer Hand Dexterity UsingModified Pegboard Test, 2010.

ASTM F 2894, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Materials, Protective Clothing and Equipment forHeat Resistance Using a Hot Air Circulating Oven , 2012b.

ASTM F 2913, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Friction for Evaluation of SlipPerformance of Footwear and Test Surfaces/Flooring Using a Whole Shoe Tester , 2011.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Comment

This standard was formerly the Federal Standard 751 for Stitches and Seams before being transitioned into an ASTM Standard in 1995. It provides a ready reference to better understand how any sewn textile product, garment, or PPE is constructed or needs to be repaired. In addition to complete descriptions and drawings of every type of stitch formation (sewing thread configurations) there are line drawings that show the wide range of seam types (fabric configurations) that can be made so that two or more planar structures can be joined together.

National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

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The standard also has drawings and descriptions of bartacks, buttonholes, and zig-zag stitches.

The standard also includes vocabulary that identifies terms, such as overedged seam, lapped seams, lapped-felled seams, chainstitch, safetystitch, lockstitch, and many more. This standard can provide useful reference information for all parties that purchase, manufacture, clean and maintain, or inspect Wildland firefighting PPE.

The specific cross references to this standards will be shown later in the standard. Related Item

First Revision No. 2-NFPA 1977-2014 [Section No. 2.3.4]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter NFPA User ID: [email protected] Full Name: Vincent DiazOrganization: Atlantic Thread & Supply Company, Inc.Telephone:

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 11:06:41 EDT 2014

Copyright Assignment

I, Vincent Diaz, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in thisPublic Comment (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that Iacquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Comment in this or another similar orderivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Comment and that I have full power and authority to enter intothis copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am Vincent Diaz, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the termsand conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon mysubmission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature


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2.3.4 ASTM Publications.ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,www.astm.org.

ASTM B 117, Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus, 2011.

ASTM B 152/B 152M, Standard Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar, 2013.

ASTM D 1424, Standard Test Method for the Tear Resistance of Woven Fabrics by Falling Pendulum(Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus, 2013.

ASTM D 1683, Standard Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven Fabrics, 2011.

ASTM D 1776, Standard Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing, 2009.

ASTM D 3787, Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles — Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT)Ball Burst Test, 2011.

ASTM D 4966, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale AbrasionTester Method), 2013.

ASTM D 6413, Standard Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test), 2013.

ASTM D 7138, Standard Test Method to Determine Melt Temperature of Synthetic Fibers

ASTM E 809, Standard Test Method for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of Retroreflectors, 2013.

ASTM E 810, Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizingthe Coplanar Geometry, 2013.

ASTM F 1060, Standard Test Method for Thermal Protective Performance of Materials for ProtectiveClothing for Hot Surface Contact, 2008.

ASTM F 1342, Standard Test Method for Protective Clothing Material Resistance to Puncture, 2013 E1.

ASTM F 1414, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower Body(Legs) Protective Clothing, 2013.

ASTM F 1790, Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in ProtectiveClothing, 2005.

ASTM F 1868, Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Usinga Sweating Hot Plate, 2013.

ASTM F 1897, Standard Specification for Leg Protection for Chain Saw Users, 2008.

ASTM F 1939, Standard Test Method for Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant Clothing Materialswith Continuous Heating, 2008.

ASTM F 2010, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Glove Effects on Wearer Hand Dexterity UsingModified Pegboard Test, 2010.

ASTM F 2894, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Materials, Protective Clothing and Equipment forHeat Resistance Using a Hot Air Circulating Oven , 2012b.

ASTM F 2913, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Friction for Evaluation of SlipPerformance of Footwear and Test Surfaces/Flooring Using a Whole Shoe Tester , 2011.


A) This is the ASTM Standard developed when Federal Standard 191A, Test Method 1534 was transitioned in 2005. The standard allows for the use of two instruments to determine the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. Test Method I uses a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) instrument. Test Method II uses the same instrument as used in the original Federal Standard.

The specific cross reference will be shown later in the standard.


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B) The Federal Standard and Test Method in Section 8.9 were discontinued in 2005. The recommended change to Section 2.3.4 would support the deletion of section 8.9.

Related Item



Submitter NFPA User ID: [email protected] Full Name: Vincent DiazOrganization: Atlantic Thread & Supply CompaTelephone:

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:






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2.3.8 U.S. Government Publications – Military Specifications and Commercial Item Descriptions.Document Automation and Production Service (DAPS), Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia,PA 19111-5094, http://assist.daps.dla.mil/online/start/.

Commercial Item Description A-A-55126B, Fastener Tape, Hook and Loop, Synthetic, 7 September 2006.

Commercial Item Description, A-A-55220, Para-aramid, Continous Filament

Commercial Item Description A-A- 55634A, Zippers (Fasteners, Slide Interlocking), 23 March 2004.

Military Specification MIL-DTL-10884H, Fastener, Snap, 20 July 2005.


Starting in the 1990's, the U.S. Government transitioned from military specifications to CID's (performance based documents) so that purchases could made from commercial inventories. These inventories would be obligated to meet consensus performance standards that had been agreed to by industry, the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), and Natick R&D Center.

Every CID identifies multiple performance requirements that require using different types of measurements. While CID, A-A-55220 measures; 1) break strength (D204), 2) yardage (D1907), 3) elongation (D204), 4) yarn size (D204), and 5) melting (D7138), the only test currently required for NFPA 1977 is the melting test that uses D7138.

Related Item




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Fri Sep 26 14:34:27 EDT 2014





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Commercial Item Description A-A-55195, Para-Aramid, Spun Thread, Type I Normal Performance, Type IIHigh Performance




Starting in the 1990's, the U.S. Government transitioned from military specifications to CID's (performance based documents) so that purchases could be made from commercial inventories. These inventories would be obligated to meet consensus performance standards that had been agreed to by industry, the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), and Natick R&D Center.

Every CID identifies multiple performance requirements that require using different types of measurements. While CID, A-A-55195 measures: 1) break strength (D204), 2) yardage (D1907), 3) elongation (D204), 4 yarn size (D204) and 5) melting (D7138), the only test currently required for NFPA 1977 is the melting test that uses D7138.

The protective driver's glove, that is styled similar to the military combat glove, uses tex size 40 para-aramid sewing thread that demonstrates greater than 9 lbf (40N) break strength. This break strength enables the driver of heavy equipment to have good tactility to better control the vehicle; the protective driver's gloves will also demonstrate good wear and abrasion resistance, similar to how they served the military in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Related Item




Street Address:

City:

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Commercial Item Description A-A-55217, Aramid, Spun Thread, Type I Normal Performance, Type II HighPerformance




Starting in the 1990's, the U.S. Government transitioned from military specifications to CID's (performance based documents) so that purchases could be made from commercial inventories. These inventories would be obligated to meet consensus performance standards that had been agreed to by industry, the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), and Natick R&D center.

Every CID identifies multiple performance requirements that require using different types of measurements. While CID, A-A-55217 uses many different ASTM test methods to measure: 1) break strength (D204), 2) yardage (1907), 3) elongation (D204), 4) yarn size (D204) and 5) melting (D7138), the only test currently required for NFPA 1977 is melting test that uses D7138.

This is inconsistent when the fabrics being sewn together are tested for both break strength and exposure to high heat. The data this CID contains can be used with data from D6193, Standard Practice for Seam and Stitches, to estimate how the major seam strength of 70 lbf (310N) and the minor seam strength of 50 lbf (220N) can be achieved with certain tex sizes of sewing thread, using specific seam configurations, and a certain number of stitches per inch.

Related Item




Street Address:

City:

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6.1.7 All thread used to manufacture garments shall be made of inherently flame-resistant fiber. All sewingthread used shall comply with A-A-55217, Type I Normal Performance or Type II High Performance.


See Section 2.3.8Related Item




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6.2.13 All thread used to manufacture helmets shall be made of inherently flame-resistant fiber. All sewing threadused to construct textile elements of a helmet shall comply with A-A-55217, Type I Normal Performance orType II High Performance.






Street Address:

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Public Comment No. 23-NFPA 1977-2014 [ Section No. 6.3.3.3 ]

6.3.3.3 Where present, the portion of the glove that extends from 25 mm (1 in.) beyond the wrist crease up to theend of the entire glove shall be considered the glove interface component and shall meet the gloveinterface component requirements in Section 7. 4 3 .


Incorrect reference. Correct reference is 7.3/Related Item

First Revision No. 23-NFPA 1977-2014 [Section No. 6.3]


Submitter NFPA User ID: [email protected] Full Name: Steven CorradoOrganization: UL LLCTelephone:

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Mon Nov 10 09:52:39 EST 2014


I, Steven Corrado, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright inthis Public Comment (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend thatI acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Comment in this or another similaror derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Comment and that I have full power and authority to enter intothis copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am Steven Corrado, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and theterms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will,upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature


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6.3.4 All thread used to manufacture protective work gloves shall be made of inherently flame-resistant fiber. Allthread used to manufacture protective work gloves shall comply with A-A-55217, Type II HighPerformance.


See Section 2.3.8, new sections addedRelated Item




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Public Comment No. 24-NFPA 1977-2014 [ New Section after 6.3.5.1.1.2 ]

6.3.5.1.2 - 6.3.5.1.4.3 (New section after 6.3.5.1.1.2)

6.3.5.1.2 Finger circumference shall be measured at the proximal interphalangeal joint (first knuckle).

6.3.5.1.3 Finger length shall be measured from the tip of the finger to the base of the finger crease onthe palm side.

6.3.5.1.4 Hand length shall be measured by placing the subject’s hand, palm down, on a piece of paperwith the fingers together and the hand and arm in a straight line.

6.3.5.1.4.1 The thumb shall be fully abducted, extended away from the palm as far as possible.

6.3.5.1.4.2 The paper shall be marked at the tip of the third, or middle, finger. A pencil mark shall beplaced in the notch at the base of the thumb where the thumb joins the wrist.

6.3.5.1.4.3 The straight line distance between the two points shall be measured to the nearest 3 mm (1⁄8in.) as shown in Figure 6.3.5.1.

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Completes the hand measurement procedure omitted in the First Draft. Language is consistent with NFPA 1951 and NFPA 1971.

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6.4.3 The heel breast shall not be less than 13 mm ( 1⁄2 in.). To determine heel breast height, the boot shall beplaced on a flat surface and the heel breast shall be measured from where the heel breast intersects withthe sole to where the heel breast intersects with the flat surface. The heel breasting angle shall not be lessthan 90 degrees nor more than 135 degrees relative to the sole, as shown in Figure 6.4.3.

CHANGES TO FIGURE 6.4.3:

Change "Quarter" to "Quarter/Shaft"

Change "Gusset" to "Tongue"

Remove "Ladder Shank"

Figure 6.4.3 Footwear Terms.


Revises drawing to be consistent with terminology.Related Item



Submitter NFPA User ID: [email protected] Full Name: Steven Corrado


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Organization: UL LLCTelephone:

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6.4.6 All thread exposed to the exterior of the footwear shall be made of inherently flame-resistant fiber. Allthread exposed to the exterior of the footwear shall comply to either A-A-55195, Type I NormalPerformance or Type II High Performance, or A-A-55220.


See Section 2.3.8, new sections added

Footwear currently being made with both types of sewing thread.Related Item




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6.4.7.3 Full and half sizes in each of the three required widths shall be accomplished by individual and unique laststo provide proper fit.

Dual sizing of the same pair of boots to cover men’s and women’s boot style shall be acceptable andtherefore separate lasts for men’s sizes and women’s sizes are not required.


Original Public Input No. PI74 which attempted to clarify that dual-sizing would not be permitted was rejected by the TC. This comment would clarify that unique lasts are not required for men's vs. women's footwear.

Related Item

Public Input No. 74-NFPA 1977-2013 [Section No. 6.4.9.3]



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6.5.8 All thread used to manufacturer face/neck shrouds or face/neck shroud components shall be made ofinherently flame-resistant fiber. All sewing thread used to manufacture face/neck shrouds or face/neckshroud components shall comply with A-A-55217, Type I Normal or Type II High Performance.


See Section 2.3.8, new sections addedRelated Item




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6.6.2 Goggle items shall meet the respective requirements for goggles and be marked "Z87 " in accordance withANSI Z87.1, Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices.


Correct designation is Z87+ as specified in PI66 for high impact protection.Related Item

Public Input No. 66-NFPA 1977-2013 [Section No. 6.6.2]



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6.8.4 All thread used to manufacture protective driving gloves shall be made of inherently flame-resistant fiber.All thread used to make protective driving gloves shall be made of inherently flame-resistant fiber andcomply with A-A-55195, Type II High Performance.


See section 2.3.8, addition of A-A-55195, Type I Normal Performance or Type II High PerformanceRelated Item




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7.1.9.1 Woven garment seam assemblies and seam assemblies that contain at least one woven material shalldemonstrate a sewn seam strength equal to or greater than 315 N (70 lbf) force for major seams and 225 N(50 lbf) force for minor seams and shall only demonstrate failure of the stitching along the stitchline whenstressed during testing .

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved

1977_PC_6.pdf 1977, Public Comment # 6, substantiation continued


Data that is readily available and well known show that a properly designed seam construction, using the correct tex size of sewing thread, and the proper number of stitches per inch can meet the seam strength performance requirements for both "major" seams and "minor" seams so that only failure of the stitching will occur along the stitchline when stressed during testing.

Any member of a manufacturer's staff; designer, product specialists, production engineer, and quality control personnel - who has learned these formulas, (to be found on following page), and their interpretation, can easily calculate and approximate point of failure when fabric sections are sewn together.

Related Item

First Revision No. 98-NFPA 1977-2014 [Global Input]



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7.1.9.3 Where the fabric strength is less than the required seam strength specified in 7.1.9.1 , providing the fabricfails without failure of the seam below the applicable forces specified in 7.1.9.1 , the seam breakingstrength shall be considered acceptableFabrics which cannot be used to build sewn seam constructions that meet both the major seam strengthperformance of 315N (70 lbf) and the minor seam strength performance requirement of 225N (50 lbf), anddemonstrate a seam failure, only along the stitchline, shall not be used for the manufacture of garments .


Failure along the stitchline enables garment to be repaired. Fabric failure requires that garment needs to be replaced.

As shown in 7.1.9.1 the different elements that are used to calculate the estimated seam strength can also be useful factors in making a determination about fabric suitability.

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7.1.10 All sewing thread utilized in the construction of garments shall be tested for resistance to melting asspecified in Section 8.9, and shall not ignite, melt, or char. All sewing thread utilized in the construction ofgarments shall meet the performance requirements of CID A-A-55217, Type I Normal Performance or TypeII High Performance.






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7.2.10 Helmet product labels shall be tested for legibility as specified in Section 8.32, shall not be torn, shallremain in place, and shall be legible to the unaided eye. All sewing thread used in the construction oftextile components, excluding that used on crown straps, shall meet the performance requirements of CIDA-A-55217, Type I Normal Performance or Type II High Performance.






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7.3.8 Protective work gloves shall be tested for grip, as specified in Section 8.26, and shall not have a drop offorce of more than 30 percent in any 0.2-second interval.


CC NOTE: The following CC Note No. 39 appeared in the First Draft Report as First Revision No. 39, and is also related to Public Input No. 90.

The Correlating Committee directs the Technical Committee on Wildland Fire Fighting Protective Clothing and Equipment to validate the new [or significantly revised] test method through the following:

1. Provide a rationale with supporting evidence that substantiates the need or the rationale for establishing new test methods or criteria or for revising existing test methods or criteria in terms of field relevance, fire service needs, safety concerns, recognition of new product technology, accounting for advances in testing technology, or accomplishing other clearly stated objectives.

Examples of supporting evidence can include the documentation of specific safety issues that have been identified by end user or other groups, which may include statistics on the number of incidents or highlight specific cases where the issues have arisen. Other forms of supporting evidence can include aspects of existing requirements that unduly prevent the proper testing or consideration of new product technologies because the existing test methods or criteria are found to be design-restrictive, or information that shows that new test methods have become available that provide more reliable or relevant forms of evaluation for the specific product property or attribute under consideration. The provision of scientific papers, test data, or statistics provides a more robust justification for supporting evidence.

2. Conduct an assessment to determine the potential impact of the new or significantly revised test methods or criteria on products that have already been certified or fielded.

The nature of this requirement is to have the TC assess what the anticipated impact of the new or modified requirements are relative to specific products. It is not the intent to identify specific products that might be excluded by a new or modified requirement, but rather for the submitter to provide an analysis for the types of products that might be affected, with an indication as to why the affected products do not provide adequate performance.

3. Establish Intra-laboratory repeatability and inter-laboratory reproducibility for new or significantly revised test methods. Where possible, test methods shall include procedures for their calibration. The principal certification organizations and their laboratories shall formally affirm to the TC that the tests can be conducted reliably as proposed at least by the time of the second draft.

An essential part of the validation process is to include an assessment of the repeatability (intra-laboratory precision) and reproducibility (inter-laboratory precision) of any new test method or significant modification of an existing test method. This information is important for establishing the reliability of the test method and should, as a minimum, include those laboratories that provide certification services for the relevant product standard. This information may also be useful in setting specific criteria to account for expected test method variability.

4. Establish the relevance of test methods and any associated criteria through a determination of how proposed or significantly revised test methods identify meaningful differences in product performance consistent with field performance.

Attempts should be made to determine the degree to which new or significantly revised test methods identify meaningful differences in product performance or relate to the field performance of products. One recommended approach is to identify product types that are considered to be unsuitable based on end user field experience and evaluate those products alongside other products to determine if the test method suitably identifies meaningful differences in performance consistent with observed field performance. Another approach is to demonstrate the


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impact and relevance of test results for products through carefully designed experiments carried out in the field. Lastly, one additional approach is to relate proposed criteria to specific safety levels that can be documented through scientific or other reasonably based field investigative work.

5. Provide test data and any other supporting documentation to the members of the respective TC and the CC, or any individuals who may request this information.

Access to the information on which new or significantly revised test methods and criteria are based should be available to all parties seeking this information, including TC members, CC members, and individuals outside the committee process (through the NFPA). Supporting documentation that includes, but is not limited to, proposed new or modified methodology/criteria with justification statements, supporting evidence, test data, references to published papers or statistics, inter-laboratory test results, and other information should be maintained by the TC as part of meeting minutes or made available elsewhere on the NFPA TC website page.

6. Provide at least one of the following visual illustrations of the proposed test equipment and test material(s) to the respective TC and CC:

a. Video(s)

b. Photo(s)

c. Drawings(s)

The visual illustrations shall be provided along with the submittal.

Visual illustrations help TC and CC members better understand the proposed new test or modified test.Related Item

First Revision No. 39-NFPA 1977-2014 [Section No. 7.3.8]Public Input No. 90-NFPA 1977-2013 [Section No. 7.3.8]


Submitter NFPAUser ID:

[email protected]

Submitter FullName:

CC on FAE-AAC

Organization: NFPA

Affilliation:Correlating Committee on Fire and Emergency Services ProtectiveClothing and Equipment

Telephone:

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Submittal Date: Thu Nov 20 13:16:36 EST 2014


I, CC on FAE-AAC, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright inthis Public Comment (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend thatI acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Comment in this or another similaror derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Comment and that I have full power and authority to enter intothis copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am CC on FAE-AAC, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and theterms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will,upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature


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7.3.10 All sewing thread utilized in the construction of protective work gloves shall be tested for resistance tomelting as specified in Section 8.9, and shall not ignite, melt, or char. All sewing thread utilized in theconstruction of protective work gloves shall meet the performance requirements of CID A-A-55217, Type IIHigh Performance.






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7.3.11 Protective work gloves shall be tested using the torque test specified in Section 8.34, and shall have anaverage percent of bare-handed control not less than 80 percent.


CC Note: The following CC Note No. 2 appeared in the First Draft Report as First Revision No. 40









Attempts should be made to determine the degree to which new or significantly revised test methods identify meaningful differences in product performance or relate to the field performance of products. One recommended approach is to identify product types that are considered to be unsuitable based on end user field experience and evaluate those products alongside other products to determine if the test method suitably identifies meaningful differences in performance consistent with observed field performance. Another approach is to demonstrate the impact and relevance of test results for products through carefully designed experiments carried out in the field.


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Lastly, one additional approach is to relate proposed criteria to specific safety levels that can be documented through scientific or other reasonably based field investigative work.




a. Video(s)

b. Photo(s)

c. Drawings(s)



First Revision No. 40-NFPA 1977-2014 [New Section after 7.3.10]


Submitter NFPA UserID:

[email protected]

Submitter Full Name: CC on FAE-AACOrganization: NFPA

Affilliation:CC on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing andEquipment

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7.4.5 Protective footwear sole and heel composites, excluding the sole and heel composites of caulked boots,shall be tested for resistance to abrasion as specified in Section 8.18, and the relative volume loss shall

not be greater than 250 mm3 .


CC Note: The following CC Note No. 3 appeared on the First Draft Report as First Revision No. 43, and is also related to Public Input No. 75.









Attempts should be made to determine the degree to which new or significantly revised test methods identify meaningful differences in product performance or relate to the field performance of products. One recommended approach is to identify product types that are considered to be unsuitable based on end user field experience and evaluate those products alongside other products to determine if the test method suitably identifies meaningful


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differences in performance consistent with observed field performance. Another approach is to demonstrate the impact and relevance of test results for products through carefully designed experiments carried out in the field. Lastly, one additional approach is to relate proposed criteria to specific safety levels that can be documented through scientific or other reasonably based field investigative work.




a. Video(s)

b. Photo(s)

c. Drawings(s)






[email protected]


Affilliation:Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing andEquipment CC

Telephone:

Street Address:

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7.4.7 Protective footwear, excluding caulked footwear, shall be tested for slip resistance as specified in Section8.33, and shall have a coefficient of friction of 0.40 or greater.


CC Note: The following CC Note No. 4 appeared on the First Draft Report as a First Revision No. 44, and is also related to the Public Input No. 82.









Attempts should be made to determine the degree to which new or significantly revised test methods identify meaningful differences in product performance or relate to the field performance of products. One recommended approach is to identify product types that are considered to be unsuitable based on end user field experience and evaluate those products alongside other products to determine if the test method suitably identifies meaningful differences in performance consistent with observed field performance. Another approach is to demonstrate the


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impact and relevance of test results for products through carefully designed experiments carried out in the field. Lastly, one additional approach is to relate proposed criteria to specific safety levels that can be documented through scientific or other reasonably based field investigative work.




a. Video(s)

b. Photo(s)

c. Drawings(s)






[email protected]


Affilliation:Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing andEquipment

Telephone:

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:






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