meeting pest management challenges in residential turf€¦ · meeting pest management challenges...
TRANSCRIPT
LAWN TO BE WILD: Meeting pest management challenges
in residential turf
Michael Brownbridge & Pam Charbonneau
Landscape Ontario IPM Symposium 2014
Targets
• Microbial biopesticides
• Reduced-risk products • Soaps, essential oils
Management tools: Chinch bugs
• Microbial biopesticides • Nematodes
• Application protocols
• New types of turfgrass
• Integration
Management tools: European chafer
Hairy chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus hirtus
2012
2013
Test Products
Product Active Status
Grandevo® (Marrone Bio Innovations)
Chromobacterium subtsugae
Pre-registration
Met52® EC (Novozymes)
Metarhizium anisopliae Registered
Millenium® (Becker Underwood)
Steinernema carpocapsae Registered
2m x 2m
0.5
m b
uff
er
• Pre-treatment sampling
• Spray (3x @ 7d intervals – time 0, 7, 14d; 200mL/m2)
• Treatment evaluation: 48h, 7, 14, 21d
Results: Grandevo
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Control Grandevo low Grandevo high S. carpocapsae
48h post
1 wk post
2 wks post
3 wks post
b
ab
a
ab
Ch
inch
bu
g p
op
ula
tio
n c
han
ge
Results: Grandevo low rate
Results: Grandevo high rate
Results: S. carpocapsae
Results: Met52 EC
Summary
• Measurable effect on chinch bugs from: o Grandevo
o Met52 EC
• Effect not lasting – no significant effects after 7d o Area-wide application may have a greater impact
o For trial evaluation assess efficacy within 72h of treatment
• Biopesticides tested clearly not a ‘silver bullet’
• Overseeding or renovating with tall fescue or endophytic perennial ryegrass may help control chinch bug outbreaks
European chafer, Rhizotrogus majalis
June beetle European Japanese chafer beetle
‘When white grubs are an issue, we know that turf that was damaged last year has, on average, about an 80% chance to suffer grub damage again’ Turf Magazine - March, 2012
European chafer
• Nematodes (Hb or Sg) will provide 50-60% control (at best)
• Timing of application critical to efficacy – August in Ontario
• Environmental factors can compromise efficacy
2011, 2012 Results
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
control Hb 1:1714-1
Hb 2:1714-3
Sg: 1714-2 Met52 Hb 1 +Met52
Sg +Met52
Gru
b p
op
ula
tio
n r
elat
ive
to t
ime
0 (
=1
) 4 wks
8 wks
Test products and protocols: 2013
Nematodes Application strategy
H. bacteriophora (Hb) One spray
H. bacteriophora Two sprays 14d apart
S. glaseri (Sg) One spray
S. glaseri Two sprays 14d apart
H. bacteriophora + S. glaseri Two sprays 14d apart: Hb followed by Sg
• Pre-treatment sampling Aug 19-21
• Spray 1: Aug 27
• Spray 2: Sept 9
• Treatment evaluation: 4 and 8 weeks after first spray
Results C
haf
er g
rub
po
pu
lati
on
Results: 4 weeks
Results: 8 weeks
Summary
• Most effective treatments: o Two applications of H. bacteriophora, S. glaseri
o Overall, reduced grub numbers by approx. 50%
o Consistent with previous trials
• Treat in August – target young larvae in thatch layer
• Nematodes a useful tool but not a ‘silver bullet’
• Grubs do well in Kentucky bluegrass, older lawns with thick thatch layer
• Consider alternative grasses for overseeding or renovating
Turfgrass
Grasses tested • Rhizomatous tall fescue
• Regenerating perennial ryegrass
• Natural knit perennial rye
• Natural knit tall fescue
• Kentucky bluegrass
Benefits • Faster establishment
• Denser establishment, less space for weeds
• Deep extensive root system, reduced inputs
o Water, fertilizer
• Insect tolerance
Turfgrass
Results: Effects of turfgrass on chafer growth
Results: Chafer feeding preference
• Home lawn mix (predominantly Kentucky blue) preferred over ryes and fescues
• Grubs fed on ryegrass roots when HLM roots consumed
• Overall, best performance seen in fescues
Stoloniferous Tall Fescues
HLM RPR
Results: Germination and growth
HLM
RTF RPR
NKTF NKPR
Results: Disease tolerance?
NKPR RTF KB
Field trials
Treatments: • Rhizomatous tall fescue
• Regenerative perennial ryegrass
• Natural Knit tall fescue
• Natural Knit perennial ryegrass
Results: Grub density
0
20
40
60
80
RTF RPR NKTF NKPR Control
Mea
n n
o. g
rub
s p
er
0.3
m2
b b b b
a
• No silver bullet for chinch bug
• Nematodes 50% control of chafer
• Endophytic turfgrasses
o Can impact chafer, chinch and billbug
o Effects if 35-40% of grasses carry the endophyte (US)
o Performance in Canada?
• Still need new management tools
Take-away messages for 2013
Beauveria bassiana
• Wettable powder
• Wettable briquette
BioCeres
• Natural form derived from shrimp and crab shells • Insoluble powder
• Seed treatment vs. disease
• Winemaking (fines)
• Various health-care applications
• Synthetic chitosan derivatives • Soluble
• Insecticidal activity
Chitosan
• Delivery of rhizocompetent microbes • Insecticidal, e.g. Metarhizium
• Fungicidal, e.g. Bacillus subtilis
• Growth stimulation, e.g. mycorhizzae
• Establishment
• May be applied to all grasses
Seed coatings
Thanks to:
Pam Charbonneau
Richard Reed
Taro Saito
Paul Côté
Nick Popple
Emily Hartwig
Michael Brownbridge [email protected]