megalopolis: your mental image?. what is megalopolis? historical background –initially coined by...
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Megalopolis: Your Mental
Image?
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What is Megalopolis?
• Historical background– Initially coined by French Geographer, Jean
Gottmann in 1961– The large population agglomeration which
extended from Boston to Washington• Traditionally BosNyWash, but now incorporates
Philadelphia and Baltimore too!
• Today: any agglomeration of coalescing super cities
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Megalopolis
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Physical Geography
• Three physiographic regions– Atlantic Coastal Plain– Piedmont– Appalachians
• Traversed by numerous rivers
• Temperate (C) and Continental (D) climates
• Occasional hurricanes
• SNOW!
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Physical Geography
• Coastal location• Numerous estuaries• Soils are variable (3 distinct categories)
– Baltimore to the Philadelphia area– New York City's surrounding area– Boston vicinity
• Relatively flat or gently rolling terrain• Fall line provided early water power
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Fall Line Cities
• Situated along boarder between Piedmont and Atlantic coastal plain
• Where river rapids and falls occur
• Examples…
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Relative Location
• To Europe, for trade and immigration
• Good routes to interior
• Along the Europe-Caribbean-South American trade route
• Good accessibility resources – Good harbors– Routes to interior (natural & man-made)– Great stop off/service point for others conducting
trade
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Historical Settlement
• Mainly Europeans
• Many Native Americans
• The Dutch• William Penn
William Penn’s Map of Philadelphia, PA
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Establishing a
Megalopolis
Largest US cities, 1790
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Population increase due to immigration
Ellis Island
Statue of Liberty, from Ellis Island
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Urban Land-Use Change
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Megalopolis Today
• Urbanness - the dominant theme• Comprised of 10 major metropolitan areas of
over one million people and numerous smaller cities
• 17.5% of the total U.S. population• 1.5% of the total land area • 17% of all U.S. export trade passes through its
six major ports• A region of international significance
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Key Ideas Related to Megalopolis
• Metropolitan Coalescence• Conurbation• Central Business District
(CBD)• Urban Sprawl• Gentrification
Baltimore Harbor
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Washington, D.C.
L’Enfant’s Plan for US Capitol
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Urban Landscapes
Major Components1. Spatial Interaction
2. Functional Complexity
3. Public Services
4. Accessibility
5. Intensity of Change
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Major Components
• Spatial Interaction– People, via
sidewalks, parking lots, subways
– Information, via communication lines, wires, terminals
– Utilities, including sewage, water, electricity, and gas
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Major Components
• Functional Complexity– Residential
– Industrial
– Commercial
– Recreational
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Major Components
• Public Services
– Provide water, sewage, garbage pick-up, police protection, fire protection, public schools, road works, health care, and etc.
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Major Components• Accessibility
– Created and maintained to ensure access to the core from the periphery and along periphery
– Accomplished via bypasses, beltloops, parkways, and limited access expressways
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Major Components• Intensity of Change
– The dynamic nature of the urban landscape– “Nothing seems permanent”
• Economic ventures• Shifts in transportation networks• Developments and declines in residential areas
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Where’s Megalopolis?
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1990 2000
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Readings & Discussion• Reading: Heterolocalism• Reading: Revitalization of Atlantic City• Reading: Denevan, William M. 1992. “The
Pristine Myth: The Landscape of the American in 1492,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82: 369–385.– Disputes the common thought that Native Americans
did not adversely affect the landscape before Columbus’ arrival.
Why did Megalopolis emerge very early as the political-economic core of North America?
How does Gentrification affect a city?
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Related Book
• Domosh, Mona. 1996. Invented Cities: The Creation of Landscape in Nineteenth-Century New York and Boston. New Haven: Yale University Press.– A good read. Just what the title says.
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WebSources
• Digital Atlas of Megalopolishttp://www.umbc.edu/ges/student_projects/digital_atlas/credits.htm
• Boswash: The Metropolitan Area from Boston to Washington, D.C.http://geography.about.com/cs/urbansprawl/a/megalopolis.htm
• Ellis Island in New York City (searching for your family roots?)http://www.ellisisland.org/
• An Outline of American Geography: Megalopolishttp://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/geography/geog04.htm
• Climate in Megalopolis: Insights from Northeast Snowstormshttp://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0832515.html