meiosis and reproduction. types of reproduction asexual reproduction – production of offspring...
TRANSCRIPT
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Meiosis and Reproduction
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Types of Reproduction
• Asexual Reproduction – production of offspring that requires only one parent; all the genetic materials come from the one parent, so offspring are identical
• Sexual Reproduction – production of offspring (kids) that requires one male and one female parent; chromosomes come from both parents
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Meiosis • Meiosis – the process by which sex cells
are made
• So we’re not talking about our body cells any more they get Mitosis were talking about GAMETES. What is a
Gamete?
What is a Gamete?
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GAMETES• Gametes – sex cells
• Male sex cell is sperm; female sex cell is egg
• The male and female sex cells unite (come together) in sexual reproduction to produce an organism, this process is called fertilization
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Lets Label the Pictures
Sperm Egg Fertilization
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Important Chromosome Information
• Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus that contain DNA (genetic material)
• Chromosomes occur in Pairs–Homologous Chromosomes – chromosomes
that have the same shape and size and carry information for the same traits (genes)
- For every chromosome an organism has, there is another one just like it
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Replication
This one is from Pa And this one is from Ma
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Important Info Continued
Humans have 46 total chromosomes
• Humans have 23 different chromosomes (since they all have a matching pair)
• In all of our body cells (ex. skin cells, heart cells, liver cells, ect.) we have 46 total chromosomes
• The chromosomes that we have 1/2 came from our mom and 1/2 came from our dad
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Chromosomes in Gametes (Sex Cells)
• If we make egg and sperm with 46 chromosomes each, how many chromosomes would our kids have when the sperm and egg unite?
• 92• What must we do with the number of
chromosomes in our gametes (sperm and egg) to make sure our kids only have 46 chromosomes?
• Cut the number in half
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How many chromosomes are in the daughter cells (sex cells)? 1
How many daughter cells (sex cells) are produced? 4
chromosomes do not line up single file in the middle, homologous pairs line up side-by-side
How many chromosomes are in the parent cell? 2
(Look here) Where have I seen this?
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Mitosis vs. Meiosis• occurs in body cells
• involves only one division
• Daughter cells look Identical to parent cells
• have same # of chromosomes in daughter cells as parent
• 2 daughter cells produced
• occurs in sex cells
• involves two divisions
• Daughter cells are NOT identical to parent cells
• have half # of chromosomes in daughter cells as parent
• 4 daughter cells are produced
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ReproductionThe Process of Organisms making more
organisms like themselves
2 Types
• Asexual Reproduction – production of offspring that requires only one Parent
• Sexual Reproduction – Production of offspring that requires 2 parents one Male and one Female Parent
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Asexual Reproduction - Involves only one parent• Parent goes through the Cell Cycle
and end up with offspring (kids)
• Offspring are Identical to the Parent
• Involves only the process of
Mitosis
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Asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms
• Occurs by process of cell division and offspring are genetically identical to parent cell
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Ex. of Cell Division• Binary Fission –
when a cell divides into two identical cells that are equal in size
• Occurs in bacteria
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Ex. of Cell Division• Budding –
when a cell divides into two identical cells that are unequal in size
• Occurs in
Yeast
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This is Cloning NOT Budding
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Asexual reproduction in Multi-cellular organisms
• Some multi-cellular organisms can reproduce asexually by breaking off a body part. The body part then develops into a new organism
• The new organism is genetically identical to the parent organism
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Example• Plant Propagation – when parts
on a plant (such as leaves or roots) are used to grow another plant
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Example• Regeneration – when part of
an animal is used to develop into an entire new animal–Ex. Sea Stars
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Sexual Reproduction
- requires 2 parents• Offspring are NOT genetically
identical to parent
• ½ genetic material comes from male and ½ comes from femaleDAD MOM
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Necessary Requirements
• In order for sexual reproduction to be successful, organisms need to make gametes that have half the # of chromosomes as a normal cell
reason: the gamete will combine with another gamete to make an organism
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Gametes• Sex cells (cells involved in sexual
reproduction)
Sperm in male & Egg in female
They only have 23 chromosomes in each. They are no longer paired
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How are gametes made?
• By a process called Meiosis
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MeiosisParent Cell
4Gametes
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