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The Parts of a

Computer

What makes a computer powerful?

Speed A computer can do billions of actions per second.

Reliability Failures are usually due to human error, one way or another. (Blush for us all!)

Storage A computer can keep huge amounts of data.

A ‘typical’ computer system screen, or monitor, on which there are windows keyboard mouse/trackpad

variations desktop laptop PDA

the devices dictate the styles of interaction that the system supports

If we use different devices, then the interface will support a different style of interaction

window 1

window 2

12-37pm

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The Computer a computer system is made up of various elements

each of these elements affects the interaction input devices – text entry and pointingoutput devices – screen (small&large), digital paperpaper – as output (printer) and input (scanner)memory – RAM & permanent media, capacity & accessprocessing – speed of processing, networks

Interacting with computers to understand human–computer interaction

… need to understand computers!

what goes in and outdevices, paper,sensors, etc.

what can it do?memory, processing,

networks

Personal or microPersonal or microComputers Computers for personal use come in all shapes and sizes, from tiny PDAs (personal digital assistant) to hefty PC (personal computer) towers. More specialized models are announced each week - trip planners, expense account pads, language translators

Hand-held (HPC)PDA Tablet PC Laptop/Notebook

Desktop Tower Workstation

Parts of a ComputerThe parts of a Computer are:Monitor,Keyboard,Mouse,Scanner,Printer,Microphone,Speakers,CPU,Joystick.

Inputs and OutputsMouse, Keyboard, Joystick and

Microphone are Inputs.Printer, Scanner, Monitor and Speaker

are Outputs.

What is a computer?A computer is an electronic device that executes the instructions in a program. A computer has four functions:

a. accepts data Input

b. processes data Processing

c. produces output Output

d. stores results Storage The Information Processing Cycle

The TOWER contains

all of the parts of a computer

Chases Casing (Mid-tower Computer Case)Mid-tower Computer Case)

The MOTHERBOARD is the backbone of

a computer – all other parts plug

into it

INPUT DEVICEOUTPUT DEVICESTORAGE DEVICEMEMORY DEVICECPUSYSTEM SOFTWAREAPPLICATION SOFTWARE

The CPU (Central Processing

Unit) is the brain of a computer – it tells the other parts what to do

Optical DriveOptical Drive:a.) CD-ROM Drive

b.) DVD DriveFDDFDD- Floppy Disk

DriveHDDHDD- Hard Disk Drive

An INPUT DEVICE lets you TALK TO the

computer

An OUTPUT DEVICE

lets the computer TALK TO you

Don’t be afraid!

Computer waits for you! Microsoft Windows XP –

Operating system allows us to use the computer

SYSTEM SOFTWARE SYSTEM SOFTWARE

Desktop Settings

Change your:DesktopScreen SaverPower SettingsWindow

AppearanceScreen Resolution

What will we work on together today?Computer Hardware and SoftwareWhat is the desktop?Parts of the Window

Computer Hardware External:

MonitorPrinter

Internal:Memory [RAM temp]

Microprocessor chip

Internal Hard drive [C drive]

Floppy disk drive [A drive]

CD drive [D drive]

Flash or Jump drive [E, F drive] “Removable disk” or Brand Name

Secondary Storage Drives are followingSecondary Storage Drives are following:

LCD MONITORCRT MONITOR

Cathode ray tubeStream of electrons emitted from electron gun, focused and

directed by magnetic fields, hit phosphor-coated screen which glows

used in TVs and computer monitors

electron gun

focussing and deflection

electron beam

phosphor- coated screen

Liquid crystal displays Smaller, lighter, and … no radiation problems.

Found on PDAs, portables and notebooks,… and increasingly on desktop and even for home TV

also used in dedicted displays:digital watches, mobile phones, HiFi controls

How it works … Top plate transparent and polarised, bottom plate reflecting. Light passes through top plate and crystal, and reflects back to eye. Voltage applied to crystal changes polarisation and hence colour N.B. light reflected not emitted => less eye strain

short term and long termspeed, capacity, compression

formats, access

Short-term Memory - RAMRandom access memory (RAM)

on silicon chips100 nano-second access timeusually volatile (lose information if power turned off)data transferred at around 100 Mbytes/sec

Some non-volatile RAM used to store basic set-up information

Typical desktop computers:64 to 256 Mbytes RAM

The ROM (Read Only Memory)

is the permanent memory

of a computer

Long-term Memory - disksmagnetic disks

floppy disks store around 1.4 Mbyteshard disks typically 40 Gbytes to 100s of Gbytes

access time ~10ms, transfer rate 100kbytes/s

optical disksuse lasers to read and sometimes writemore robust that magnetic mediaCD-ROM

- same technology as home audio, ~ 600 GbytesDVD - for AV applications, or very large files

Blurring boundariesPDAs

often use RAM for their main memory

Flash-Memoryused in PDAs, cameras etc.silicon based but persistentplug-in USB devices for data transfer

speed and capacitywhat do the numbers mean?

some sizes (all uncompressed) …this book, text only ~ 320,000 words, 2Mbthe Bible ~ 4.5 Mbytesscanned page ~ 128 Mbytes

(11x8 inches, 1200 dpi, 8bit greyscale)digital photo ~ 10 Mbytes

(2–4 mega pixels, 24 bit colour) video ~ 10 Mbytes per second

(512x512, 12 bit colour, 25 frames per sec)

The MOTHERBOARD is the of a computer

A) BrainsB)

BackboneC) Foot

ROM is the memory of a computer

A) Permanent

B) SmartC)

Temporary

The CPU is the of a computer

A) BrainsB)

BackboneC) Foot

RAM is the memory of a computer

A) Permanent

B) SmartC)

Temporary

An example of an INPUT DEVICE is:

A) PrinterB) MonitorC) Mouse

An example of an OUTPUT DEVICE is:

A) KeyboardB) MonitorC) Mouse