melon & strawberry production within high tunnels in the ... · melon & strawberry...
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Melon & Strawberry Production Within High Tunnels in the Central
Midwest
Presented at the 2007 Indiana Horticultural Congress and Trade Show
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Lewis W. Jett, Ph.DState Vegetable & Small Fruit Crops SpecialistWest Virginia University2012 Agric. Sciences BuildingMorgantown, WV 26506304-293-6131 x4240 (office)[email protected]
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Benefits of a High Tunnel:
• Low-cost ($).
• Very productive.
• Exclude pests (great for organics).
• Extend the growing season (3 months).
• Diverse production of many vegetables.
• Supplement field production.
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No. respondents
Tom
atoes
Cucurbits
Peppers
Salad Greens
Spinach
Green B
eans
Beets
Brassicas
Carrots
Onions
Peas
Potatoes
Strawberries
Herbs
Cut Flow
ers
Source: 2004-05 Central Great Plains High Tunnel Survey
What crops are being grown in high tunnels in the Midwest?
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Tomatoes are an excellent early and late season crop for high tunnels.
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Good cash crop rotation choices for tomatoes?
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Vine-ripened melons
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Muskmelons:• Good rotation choice (botanically unrelated to
tomato).
• Amenable to trellising (vertical growth).
• Premium price for early-season crop.
• Thrive in the dry microclimate of a high tunnel.
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‘Lavigal’
Galia-type Melons:
Green to white flesh
Small seed cavity (good for shipping)
Very sweet!
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Aromatic melons
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‘Athena’Muskmelon
‘Galia 152’
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Charentais Melons:
(‘Savor’ or ‘French Orange’)
(true cantaloupes)
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‘Prescott Melon’ (Cantaloupe)
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Large seed cavity and thick rind
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Palm-sized cantaloupes (muskmelons)
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Foliar diseases
Fruit crackingSunburned fruit
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Research high tunnels located at Columbia, MO (38°N lat.)
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MuskmelonsSquash
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Potential Varieties
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Cultivar Cucurbit type Days to maturity
Fruit description Disease tolerance
Athena Muskmelon 80 Oval/round fruit with minor netting and no sutures.
PM1,2F0,1,2
Aphrodite Muskmelon 75 Oval, large fruit. Light sutures. PM1,2F0,1,2
Ambrosia Muskmelon 86 Round fruit. Coarse netting. Good garden cultivar.
PM
Crescent Moon
Muskmelon 73 Large, eastern-type melon. PM12
Odyssey Muskmelon 80 Round, large fruit with coarse netting and shallow sutures
PM1,2F0,1,2
Primo Muskmelon 78 Small, western-type shipping melon. Heavy netting
PM12
Jenny Lind Muskmelon 70 Round fruit with heavy netting. Green flesh. Large blossom scar. Heirloom melon.
-
Galia 152 Galia 80 Round fruit with green flesh. Very aromatic. No sutures.
PM1,2F0,1,2
Galileo Galia 83 Round fruit with green flesh. Light netting. PM1,2F0,1,2
Arava Galia 77 Round fruit with green flesh. Light netting. PM
Gallicum Galia 80 Round fruit with green flesh. Small fruit. PM1,2F0,1,2
Lavigal Galia 80 Round fruit with green flesh Very aromatic. Light netting.
PM1,2F0,1,2
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Direct seeding of melons within a high tunnel:
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Direct Seeding:
Disadvantages:
More seed required to produce plants.
Not suitable for earliest production.
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Mice/Voles often feed on seed…..
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Direct seeding can reduce uniformity.
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lbs/
plan
t
Transplanted Direct Seeded
Early-season (before 7/4)yield: 2004
If early-season yield is the principal objective, transplanting melons is recommended within the high tunnel.
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Speedling® 50-cell Protray
Use deep planting cells (>2.75 inches) for melons.
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Four to five weeks are required to grow melon and watermelon transplants.
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Cotyledons
True leaves
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≥60°F Soil Temperature
40-48 inches between rows
24 inches between plants:
8 ft2/plant
Transplanting melons in the high tunnel:
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9-45-15 Starter Fertilizer
Water stores heat.
Row Covers (medium wt)
Black plastic mulch warms the soil.
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Straw mulch can be used between beds to reduce weed emergence and relative humidity.
Raised beds increase soil temperatures
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Palm-sized, Seedless Watermelons are well-suited for high tunnel production:
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SQUASH
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High tunnels for cucurbit production should be at least 9 feet high in the center.
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Trellising and Pruning
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Trellis: 7-8’ high
Cucumbers are often trellised in the field to improve quality.
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When growing mixed vegetables in the high tunnel, trellising is essential to control vine growth!
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Types of Trellises:wirestring
Mesh wire or netting
wire
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Cattle panels can be used to trellis cucumbers in the high tunnel.
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Most melon trellises should be 7-8 feet high.
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Pruning:lateral
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Prune to 2 strong laterals /plant.
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Pruned
Not Pruned
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Small, mesh bags can be used to support the growing fruit on each trellis.
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Pollination
Cross pollination is very critical for
melon number and size/melon.
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High Tunnel Roof Vent
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Pests
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Powdery Mildew
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12 spotted cucumber beetleStriped cucumber beetle
Leaf feeding injuryBacterial wilt
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Thrips can be found on the underside of leaves.
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Thrips cluster in melon flowers, feeding on pollen.
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Melon Aphid (Aphis gossypii):
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(0.1 ounces per 1000 plants)
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Aphids
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White Flies
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Two-Spotted Spider Mite:
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1
2 4
3
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Potential Marketable Yields:1000-1500 melons per 3000 ft2 high tunnel.
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High Tunnel Strawberries
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Annual strawberry production using a high tunnel
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12 in. between plants
12-15 in. between rows
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2 drip lines per bed.
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1500-2000 strawberry plants per commercial high tunnel
5 ft. wide black, embossed plastic
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NO Plastic Mulch
Plastic Mulch
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Have the soil tested prior to planting strawberries within a high tunnel.
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If compost is used as a soil amendment, have it tested for nutrients, pH and soluble salts.
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Salinity damage to strawberry
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Plant Sources:
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Some Strawberry Plant SuppliersJersey Asparagus Farms105 Porchtown Rd.,Pittsgrove, NJ 08318856-358-2548Nourse Farms, Inc.41 River Rd.,South Deerfield, MA 01373413-665-2658Krohne Plant Farms65295 CR 342Hatford, MI 49507269-424-5423Ruby Mountain Nursery24244 Hwy. 371La Jara, CO(719) 587-0540Strawberry Tyme FarmsR.R. #2 Simcoe, Ontario CanadaN3Y4K1519-426-3099Ghesquiere NurserySimcoe Ontario Canada519-428-1087Goodsen Berry SuppliesLittle Rock, Arkansas501-335-8185Other strawberry nurseries can be found at: www.ncstrawberry.org
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•Runner tips
•Bare root
•Plugs
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Chandler
Camarosa
Sweet Charlie
Ventana (?)
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Planting date for annual strawberries within a high tunnel is approximately September 20-October 15th for the Central Midwest.
October-planted
November-planted
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Temperature management is critical for high tunnel strawberries.
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Keeping the high tunnel too warm in the fall can trigger flowering of strawberries.
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Or runner production.
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Row cover usage is precarious!
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POLLINATION
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Small fruit Misshapen fruit
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00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
Oun
ces/
berr
y
Honeybee Bumblebee Open Control
Treatments
Average berry wt.
`
Bees significantly increased average berry weight of high tunnel strawberries.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
April 10-18
April 24 April 26 May 4 May 10 May 22 May 25 June 5
Date
Oun
ce p
er r
ow (3
0 ft
.)Harvest frequency of high tunnel strawberries:
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Average yield per plant:
1.2-1.3 lbs of marketable berries per plant
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Thank you, and please visit the high tunnel web site: