melosh - effects atmos breakup crater field form

8/14/2019 Melosh - Effects Atmos Breakup Crater Field Form

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N O I R V _ 0 2 # 2 9 9 ( ( 2 ? ? - 9 > = 5 .

F g gf o ps k g I p h k s u m f r n o B r f i l v u k j O r i pf r G n fc` G k r h i p n k j 9Y V N J J R * U I _ _ F ^ IJ @ M * A * H F C K _ M q

@nwnsnkj kg Dfkckdnoic ij` Ucijfpir~ _onfjofs# Oicngkrjni Njspnpvpf kg Pfomjkckd~#Uisi`fji# Oicngkrjni >9926R f o f n w f ` K o p k b f r 6 # 9 >4 >< r f w n s f ` G f b r v i r ~ 9 =# 9 >= 5

P m n s u i u f r n j w f s p nd i p f s pm f u m ~ s n o s k g h f p f k r k n ` b r f i l v u n j p m f i p h k s u m f r f i j ` n ps n h u c no i p nk j sg k r pm f k b s f r w f ` g f i p v r f s k g s p r f t j g n f c ` s* P m f r f i r f s f w f r i c f g gf o p s t m n o m o i v s f ` n s u f r s n k j k g p m fh f p f k r k n ` g r i d h f j p s 1 d r i w n p ~ # ` n g g f rf j p ni c cn gp k g p m f g r i d h f j p s # b k t s m k o l n j p f r i o p n k j a v s p i g p f rb r f i l v u # o f j p r n u f p i c s f u i r i p n k j b ~ i r k p i p n j d h f p f r k n ` # i j ` u k s s n b c ~ i ` ~ j i h n o i c p r i j s w f r s fs f u i r i p nk j r f s v cp n j d g r k h p m f o r v s m n j d ` f o f c f ri p n k j n j pm f i p h k s u m f r f * K g p m f s f # t f s m k t p m i pd r i w n p~ i c k j f o i j u r k ` v o f p m f o k h h k j u i p p f r j n j t m n o m p m f c ir d f s p o r i p f r k o o v r s i p p m f ` k t j r i j d ff j ` k g p m f s o i p p f r f c cn u s f * P m f i w f r i d f c n gp ( pk ( ` r i d r i p nk k g pm f p v h b c n j d g r i d h f j p s h v s p b f c f s s p m i ji b k v p 9 5 ( ?# k p m f r t n s f s h i c c g r i d h f j p s t k v c ` u r k ` v o f s h i c c or i p f r s ` k t j r i j d f k g p m f h i n j o r i p f r #i j ` p m n s n s j k p d f j f r i c c ~ k b s f r w f ` * P m f o r k s s ( r i j d f ` n s u f r s n k j n s u r k b i b c ~ ` v f p k p m f o k h b n j f `f g g f o p s k g b k t s m k o l n j p f r i o p n k j # o r v s m n j d ` f o f c f r i pn k j # i j ` u k s s n b c ~ s u n j j n j d k g p m f h f p f k r k n ` * Ij v h b f r k g p f r r f s p rn i c s p r f t j g n f c` s i rf ` n s o v s s f ` n j p m f c n dm p k g p m f s f n ` f i s # t m n o m i r f g k r h v c i p f `y v i j p n p i p n w f c ~ g k r i r i j d f k g h f p f k r k n ` w f c k o n p nf s # f j p r ~ i j d c f s # i j ` o r v s m n j d s p r f j d p m s * N p n s g k v j `p m i p t m f j p m f o r i p f r s n q f f } o f f ` s i b k v p 9 l h # p m f s f u i r i p n k j b f p t f f j p m f g r i d h f j p s v u k j c i j ` n j d nsi g r i op nk j k g p m f n r k t j ` n i h f p f r # s k p m i p p m f o r i p f r g k r h f ` b ~ s v o m i g r i d h f j p f ` h f p f k r k n ` n s i c h k s pn j ` n s p n j d v n s m i b c f g r k h p m i p g k r h f ` b ~ i s k cn ` b k ` ~ k g p m f s i h f p k p i c h i s s i j ` w f c k o n p ~ *

N J P R K @ V O P N K JN p m i s b f f j f s p n h i p f ` p m i p k w f r

4 5 # 5 5 5 # 5 5 5 h f p f k r k n ` s f j p f r p m f F i r p m $ si p h k s u m f r f f i o m ` i ~ * K g p m f s f # i b k v p 9 55 5l d -i b k v p 9 & . k g p m f h f p f k r n o h i p f r n i cs v r w n w f s p m f i b c i p n w f f g g f o p s k g i p h k s u m f r n o` f s o f j p i j ` s p r n l f s p m f s v r g i o f - B i c ` t n j #9 > 7 ? # u u * 7 ( 4 . *

P m f h f p f k r k n ` s i r f s v b a f o p f ` p k m n d mu r f s s v r f s i j ` s p r f s s f s t m n c f p r i w f c n j dp m r k v d m p m f i p h k s u m f r f i p w f c k o n p n f s k gs f w f r i c l n c k h f p f r s u f r s f o k j ` i j ` k g p fjb r f i l n j pk g r i d h f j p s t m n o m h i ~ k r h i ~ j k ps v r w n w f p m f r f h i n j n j d ` f s o f j p p k p m f s v r (g i o f * P m f i c p np v ` f i p t m n o m b r f i l v u k o o v r sd f j f r i c c ~ w i r n f s g r k h 0 pk 0 5 l h # i j `i u u f i r s p k b f n j ` f u f j ` f j p k g f n pm f r p mfh i s s k r o c i s s k g p m f h f p f k r n p f - L r n j k w #9 > 7 5 # u u * 4 7 ( 4 4 . *

O k j p r n b v p n k j J k * ? ? 2 = k g p m f @ n w n s n k j k g D f k c k d n (o i c i j ` U c i j f p i r ~ _ o n f j o f s # O i c n g k r j n i N j s p n p v p f k gP f o m j k c k d ~ # U i s i ` f j i # O i c n g * > 9 9 2 6 *2 U r f s f j p i ` ` r f s s 1 @ f u i r p h f j p k g F i r p m i j ` _ u i o f_ o n f j o f s # _ V J ^ # _ p k j ~ B r k k l # J * ^ * 9 94 >0 *

29 9

I g p f r b r f i l v u # p m f g r i d h f j p s g i cc k w f r i ji r f i t m n o m n s r k v d m c ~ f c c n u pn o i c nj s m i u f * N gp m f n h u i o p n j d h f p f k r n p f s m i w f s v g g n o n f j p l n (j f p no f j f r d ~ p k u r k ` v o f o r i p f r s # i o r i p f rg n f c ` n s o r f i p f ` n j p m n s s i h f f c c n u p n o i c g k r hi j ` n s k g p f j r f g f r r f ` p k i s i s p r f t j g nf c ` k rs o i p p f r f c c n u s f *

T n p m n j p m n s o r i p f r g n f c ` # p m f n j ` n w n ` v i ch f p f k r n p f s # k r o r i p f r s # i r f ` n s p r n b v p f ` n j is ~ s p f h i p n o h i j j f r < p m f c i r d f s p h i s s f s k ro r i p f r s i r f d f j f r i c c ~ c k o i p f ` i p # k r j f i r # p m f` k t j r i j d f b k v j ` i r ~ k g p m f o r i p f r gnf c`t m n c f p m f s h i c c f s p h i s s f s g i cc i p p m f v u (r i j d f b k v j ` i r ~ * P m f r f ns i c s k i o r k s s ( r i j d f` n s p rn b v p n k j k g o r i p f r s t m n o m t f s m k t o i jb f p m f r f s v c p k g i p r i j s w f r s f w f c k o n p ~ s v u (u c nf ` pk p m f h f p f k r k n ` g r i d h f j p s i p p m f p n h fk g p m f n j p f ri o p n k j k g b k t s m k o l s o k v u c f `t n p m p m f f g g f o p s k g o r v s m n j d p m f h f p f k r k n ` *C n g p o i j i c s k i g g f o p p m f ` n s p r n b v p n k j k g o r i (p f r s b v p t f g n j ` p m i p n p n s j f d c n d n b c f f } o f u pg k r p m f o i s f k g g r i d h f j p s k g h i s s f s c f ssp m i j i b k v p 95 q l d * I c s k # s k h f ` f w n i p n k j sg r k h i rf d v c i r ` n s p r nb v p n k j k g o r i p f r s o i j b f

5 5 9 > ( 9 5 ? 6 + = 5 + 5 6 5 2 9 9 ( 2 ? 6 5 2 * 5 5 + 5Oku~rndmp 9>=5 b~ I oi`fh no Urfss# Njo*Icc rndmps kg rfurk`vopnkj nj ij~ gkrh rfsfrwf`*

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2 92 U I _ _ F ^ I J @ H F C K _ Mf } u c i n j f ` b ~ h v c p nu c f b r f i l v u k r r f c i pn w f c ~s p f f u i j d c f s k g f j p r ~ *

P m n s u i u f r n s u r n h i r n c ~ o k j o f r j f ` t n p mo r i p f r g n fc ` s b v p p m f r f i r f s f w f r i c s n j d cfp f r r f s p r ni c o r i p f r s t m n o m h i ~ b f p m f r f s v c pk g p m f i c h k s p s n h v c p i j f k v s n h u i o p s k g h f (p f k r k n ` g r i d h f j p s t m n o m # ` v f p k pm f i j d c fk g f j p r ~ k r i c pn p v ` f k g b r f i l v u # t f r f j k ps v g gn o nf j p c~ s f u i r i p f ` g r k h k j f i j k p m f r p kg k r h n j ` n w n ` v i c k r k b w n k v s c ~ k w f r c i u u n j do r i p f r s * _ k h f u k s s n b c f f } i h u c f s k g p m f s fn j o cv ` f 1 B k } m k c f O r i p f r # B r f j p O r i p f r #@ i c d i r i j d i O r i p f r # M k c c f g k r ` O r i p f r # H f (p f k r - B i rr nj d f r. O r i p f r# J f t Y v f b f o- O m v b b . O r i p f r # i j ` T k c g O r f f l O r i p f r- B i c ` t n j # 9 >7 ? 7 4< M f n ` f #9 > 7? < L r n j k w # 9 > 7 5# 9 > 7 7< H n c c h i j # 9 > 49 .*

T f g n rs p ` n s o v s s p m f u r n j o n u i c g f i p v r f s k gs f w f r i c t f c c ( l j k t j p f r r f s p r ni c s p r f t jg n fc ` s# n c c v s p r i p f ` b ~ h i u s k g p m f g n f c ` s # i j `f s p i b cn s m i h f i s v r f k g p m f o r i p f r ` n s u f r s n k jn j p m f s f g n f c` s * T f p m f j r f w n f t p m f u m ~ s n o sk g i p h k s u m f r n o f j p r ~ i j ` s v h h i r n q f k v ro k h u v p i p n k j i c s o m f h f * T f s p v ` ~ p m f f g(g f o p s k g d r i w n p ~ # cn gp # b k t s m k o l n j p f r i o pn k j #s u n j j n j d h f p f k r k n ` s # i j ` o r v s m n j d ` f o f c f r (i p n k j t n p m nj p m f o k j p f } p k g p m ns h k ` f c * P m fp m f k r ~ n s p m f j i u u c n f ` p k p m f k b s f r w f ` o r i (p f r g n fc ` s i j ` n p n s o k j o c v ` f ` p m i p d r i w n p ~ #b k t s m k o l n j p f r i o p n k j s # i j ` u k s s n b c ~ s u n j (j n j d u c i ~ pm f h i a k r r k c f s n j s p r f t j g n fc `g k r h i p n k j t n p m p m f f g g f o ps k g o r v s m nj d ` f (o f c f r i p n k j i j ` c ng p u c i ~ n j d h n j k r r k c f s* P m f (k r f p n o i c u c k ps i r f o k j s p r v o p f ` s m k t n j d p m fg i p f k g h f p f k r k n ` s k g d n w f j h i s s f s # w f c k o n(p n f s # ~ n f c ` s p r f j d p m s # i j ` i j d c f s k g f j p r ~n j p k f i r p m $ s i p h k s u m f r f * N p ns g k v j ` p m i ps p r f t j g nf c` s i rf n h u k r p i j p k j c ~ g k r o r i p f r sc f s s p m i j i b k v p 9 l h n j ` n i h f p f r < n j p m fo i s f k g c i rd f r o r i p f r s # p m f g r i d h f j p s g i cc s ko c k s f p k d f p m f r - g k r f j p r ~ i j d c f s d r f i p f r p m i ji u u r k } n h i p f c ~ 9 5. p m i p p m f o r i p f r n s i c h k s pn j ` n s p n j d v n s m i b c f g r k h p m i p h i ` f b ~ i s n j dc fs k c n ` h f p f k r k n ` *

PFRRF_PRNIC ORIPFR GNFC@_F } u c i j i p n k j

J k g n f c ` s p v ` ~ g k r i j ~ o r i p f r g n f c ` ` n s (o v s s f ` n j p m ns u i u f r t i s v j ` f r p i l f j *

R i p m f r # p m f n j g k r h i p n k j n s b i s f ` f j p n r f c ~v u k j u v b c n o i p n k j s *

P m f ` n i h f p f r s k g pm f o r i p f r s c n sp f ` n j pm n su i u f r i r f d f j f r ic c ~ gr k h p m f h f i s v r f h f j p sb ~ u r f w n k v s i v p mk r s * M k t f w f r # i g f t k g p m f` n i h f p f r s c ns p f ` m f r f n j t f r f f s p n h i p f ` g r k hu v b c n s m f ` h i u s k g p m f o r i p f r g nf c` s * P m f` n i h f p f r s r f g f r pk p m f u r f s f j p r n h ( p k (r n ho r i p f r ` n i h f p f r t n p m k v p r f s u f o p p k i r f o k j (s p r v o p f ` o r i p f r ` n i h f p f r i j ` n s u r k b i b c ~s k h f t m i p s h i c c f r p m i j p m f k r n d nj i c r nh ( p k (r n h ` n i h f p f r ` v f p k f r k s n k j k g p m f r nh *

P m f ` n s p i j o f s r f o k r ` f ` n j p m f p i b cf s t f r f` f r n w f ` g r k h h i u s k r g r k h t r n p p f j ` f s o r nu (p n k j s i s s v u u c n f ` b ~ u r f w n k v s i v p m k r s # i j `r f u r f s f j p p m f ` n s pi j o f g r k h p m f o f j p f r k gp m f o r i p f r n j y v f s p n k j p k p m f o f j p f r k g pm fc i r d f s p o r i p f r k g p m f g n fc `* P m f c i r d f s p o r i p f rns v s f ` i s p m f k r n d n j k g o k k r ` n j i p f s b f o i v s fn p v s v i c c ~ h i r l s p m f ` n s p i j p f j ` k g p m fs o i p p f r f c cn u s f * T m f r f p m f c i r d f s p o r i p f r` k f s j k p c nf j f i r k j f f j ` k g p m f g nf c ` - ist n p m p m f O i h u k ` f c O n f c k o r i p f r g n fc ` . j k` n s p i j o f s i r f c n s p f ` *

O i h u k ` f c O n f c kP m f O i h u k ` f c O n f c k o r i p f r g n f c ` n s c k (

o i p f ` t n p m n j p m f O m i o k i j ` _ i j p n i d k ` f cF s p f r k U r k w n j o f s # I r d f j p n j i -2 45 ?= $ _ #7 9 0 2 $T . # i j ` n s o k h u k s f ` k g ip c f i s p 2 5o r i p f r s - R k h i g n i i j ` O i s s n ` ~ # 9 >4 ?. * P m f` n s p r n b v p n k j k g o r i p f r s n s i c k j d i c n j f p r f j ` (n jd _ T ( J F # t n p m pm f c i r d f sp o r i p f r nj p m fh n ` ` c f # r i p m f r p m i j i p k j f f j ` # k g p m f o r i p f rg n f c` - O i s s n ` ~ fp i c * # 9 > 76 . - r f g f r p k P i b c f N . *

N p m i s b f f j s v d d f s p f ` p m i p p m f n h u i o pi j d c f g k r p m f h f p f k r n p f n j w k c w f ` n j pm fg k r h i p n k j k g o r i p f r > t i s i b k v p 2 2 i j ` p m i pp m f g n ji c n h u i o p w f c k o n p ~ t i s j k p d r f i p f rp m i j 6 * = l h s f o (9 - O i s s n ` ~ i j ` R f j i r ` #9 >4 5< O i s s n ` ~ # 9 >4 9< R f j i r ` i j ` O i s s n ` ~ #9>49. *

H f p f k r n p f s g k v j ` n j p m f n h h f ` n i p f i r f ii r f o k h u k s f ` k g n r k j - m f } i m f ` r n p f o c i ss .i j ` s i h u c f s m i w f b f f j r f o k w f r f ` r i j d nj dn j h i s s g r k h 6 5 d p k 0 2 9 5 l d - H n c p k j # 9 > 7 ?. *_ p v ` n f s m i w f i c s k r f w f i c f ` i h f p f k r n p f t n p mi j f s p n h i p f ` h i s s k g 2 2 #5 5 5 ld n j o r i p f r 9 5

3/23

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Nj jkrpmfrj Yvfbfo -67J# 40 lT. irfptk jfirc~ onrovcir cilfs tnpm `nihfpfrs kg?2 ij` 27 lh* Pmfsf irf ljktj is Ocfirti(pf r Cilfs ij` pmf ofj pfr ( pk (ofj pfr sfuiri(pnkj ns iuurk}nhipfc~ ?9 lh* I dfkckdnos pv`~ kg pmfsf bisnjs b~ Lr ijo l ij` _nj(ocinr -9>7?. svddfspf` pmip pmf~ tfrf kgwk coij no( pf o pkj no k rnd nj * Kpmfr s pv`nfs #mktfwfr# s pipf pmip pmfsf ptk bisnjs irf kghfpfkrn pf( nhuiop krnd nj -Bfics f p i c * # 9>6775< Nrtnj# 9>7?< @fjof f p i c * #9>44.*M f j b v r ~

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kwfr ciu unjd oripfrs -Hncpkj# 9>7=. -rfgfr pkGnd* 9 ij` Pibcf NN.*

Pmns oripfr gnfc` ns kjf kg pmf bfsp urf(sfrwf` f }ihucfs kg i soip pfr fc c nusf* Pmf`nrfop nkj kg pmf nhuiop ns njgfrrf` pk miwfbffj grkh pmf _T pk pmf JF# is fwn`fjof`b~ pmf ckoi pnkj kg pmf cirdfsp oripf rs tn pmrfsufop pk pmf shiccfr oripfrs *

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m k t f w f r # p m f o r i p f r s i r f p m f u r k ` v o p s k g ig r i d h f j p f ` h f p f k r k n ` # p m f p r i a f o p k r ~ i u (u f i r s pk m i w f b f f j g r k h pm f J F p k _ T- r f g f r p k G n d * 2 i j ` P i b c f N N N . *L i i c n a i r w

K j p m f B i c p no n s c i j` k g K f s f c # F s p k j n i- 6 = 2 0 $ J # 2 2 0 5 $ F . cn f s i d r k v u k g j nj fo r i p f r s t m n o m i r f l j k t j i s p m f L i i c n a i r wo r i p f r s * P m f c i r d f s p o r i p f r - D v p _ i n c . n sc k o i p f ` i p k j f f j ` k g p m f g n fc ` i j ` p m fn j g f rr f ` pr i a f o p k r ~ ns gr k h _ _ T p k J J F- r f g f r p k G n d * ? i j ` P i b c f N W . - L r i v s f p i c * #9 > 2= < M f n ` f # 9 > 7? < L r n j k w # 9 > 77 .*

_ h i c c g r i d h f j p s k g h f p f k r n p n o n r k j - k o(p i m f ` r n p f o c i ss . m i w f b f f j g k v j ` i s s k o n i p f `t n p m p m f o r i p f r s - L r n j k w # 9 >7 97?.*C k j i r

C k j i r o r i p f r c nf s n j p m f @ f o o i j U c i p f i vr f d n k j k g N j ` n i - 9 > 6 = $J # 4 7 ? 9 $ F . * N p n su r f s f j p c ~ k o o v u n f ` b ~ i s m i c ck t i c li c nj fc i l f 9 = ? 5 h nj ` n i h f p f r * I s f o k j ` o r i p f rt m n o m n s ? 5 5 h n j ` n i h f p f r n s c k o i p f ` i u (

u r k } n h i p f c ~ 4 55 h j k r p m k g p m f r n h k g p m fh i n j o r i p f r - o f j p f r ( p k ( o f j p f r ` n s pi j o fi b k v p 9 ?5 5 h . - G r f ` r n l s s k j f p i c * # 9>4?.*

P m f k r nd nj k g C k j i r C i l f t i s o k j s n ` f r f `p k b f w k c o i j n o b ~ s k h f i v p m k r s - J i j ` ~ i j `@ f k # 9 > 79 < M f n ` f # 9 > 7? . # t m n c f c i p f r n j w f s p n (

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c i h f c c i f n j y v i r p q # h n j f r i c k d n o i c p r i j s g k r (h i p n k j s # i j ` k o o v r r f j o f k g c f o m i p f cn f r n p f #i u u i r f j p c ~ ` f r n w f ` g r k h m n d m c ~ s m k o l f `y v i r p q * I s k g 9> 42 - G v ` i c n i j ` O i s s n ` ~ #9 >4 2.# pm f r f t i s j k u f p r k d r i u m n o f w n ` f j o fg k r i j n h u i o p k r nd nj k g P f h n h n o m i p D m i c ci (h i j *

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i c n d j h f j p p r f j ` n j d J ? 6 F i j ` n p m i s b f f js v d d f s p f ` - G v ` i c n i j ` O r f s s ~ # 9 >4 7. p m i pp m f ~ r f u r f s f j p i s n h v c p i j f k v s p r n u cf n h u i o pk g i g r i d h f j p f ` h f p f k r k n ` p r iw f c nj d i w f r ~s m i c c k t i p h k s u m f r n o p r i a f o p k r ~ *Hkrislk

J k r p m k g U k q j i j # U k c i j ` # j f i r pm f w n cc i d fk g H k r i s l k - 6 2 ? 5 $ J # 9 7 6 6 $F . c n fs i d r k v uk g f n d m p o r i p f r s * P m f c i r d f s p o r i p f r ns 9 5 5 hn j ` n i h f p f r t n p m i ` f u p m k g 9 ? h - r f g f r pkG n d * 0 i j ` P i b c f W . *

N r k j h f p f k r n p f s - k o p i m f ` r n p f o c i s s . m i w fb f f j r f o k w f r f ` n j p m f i r f i i j ` n p m i s b f f jf s p n h i p f ` p m i p p m f ` n r f o p nk j k g p m f p r i af o (p k r ~ t i s g r k h _ _ T p k J J F - O c i ss f j # 9 >4 =#L k r u n l n f t n o q # 9 > 4 = < _l~ ' Pfc* 9>4>. *K`fssi

P m f K ` f s s i o r i p f r g nf c` # n j t f s p ( o f j p r i cP f } i s - ? 9 0 ? $J # 9 5 2 2 6 $T . o k j s n s p s k g gn w fo r i p f r s - r f g f r p k G n d * 6 i j ` P i b c f W N . *

I b v j ` i j p n rk j g r i d h f j p s - k o p i m f ` r n p fo c is s . m i w f b f f j r f o k w f r f ` g r k h p m n s i r f i- F w i j s # 9 >7 9< L r n j k w # 9 >7 7. * B i c ` t n j- 9 > 7 ? . o i c o v c i p f s p m i p p m f h i n j n h u i o p n j d

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h f p f k r n p f m i ` i h i s s k g i b k v p ? 9 6 p k j s i j `t i s i o o k h u i j n f ` b ~ i p c f i s p g k v r s h i c c f rh f p f k r k n ` s i p p m f p n h f n p f j p f r f ` p m f i p h k (s u m f r f * N p n s h k r f c n l f c ~ p m i p i s n j d cf h f p f (k r k n ` f j p f r f ` p m f i p h k s u m f r f i j ` p m i p p m fg r i d h f j p s u r k ` v o n j d p m f s h i c c f r o r i p f r st f r f i r f s v c p k g g r i d h f j p i p n k j t m n o m k o (o v r r f ` ` v r n j d n ps gi c c p k p m f s v r g i o f *

P m f p r i a f o p k r ~ m i s i j f i s p t i r ` o k h u k (j f j p # i s n j ` n o i p f ` b ~ i o r k s s s f o p n k j k g

o r i p f r 2 - F w i j s # 9 >7 9. i j ` p m n s o k r r f s u k j ` st n p m p m f ` n r f o p n k j n j g f r r f ` b ~ p m f r f c i p n w fu k s n p n k j s k g p m f o r i p f r s k g g r k h T _ T p kF J F *

_nlmkpf(IcnjP m f _ n l m k p f ( I c n j o r i p f r g n f c ` n s c k o i p f ` n j

_ n b f r n i # V _ _ R - 0 7 7 $J # 9 ? 0 0 2 $F . * K w f r9 65 o r i p f r s r i j d n j d n j ` n i h f p f r g r k h 2 7 *6 p ki b k v p 5 * 9 h i r f i s s k o n i p f ` t n p m p m n s gi c c i st f c c i s p m k v s i j ` s k g h f p f k r n p n o g r i d h f j p s *P m f g i c c k o o v r r f ` k j G f b r v i r ~ 9 2# 9 >0 4# i j `b f o i v s f k g n ps r f o f j p j i p v r f # h i j ~ s h i c co r i p f r s t f r f r f o k r ` f ` t m n o m i r f j k p k b (s f r w f ` i s s k o n i p f ` t n pm h v o m k c ` f r o r i p f rg n f c` s * R f g f r p k L r n j k w - 9 > 7 7 . g k r i h i u k gp m f s o i p p f r f c c n u s f i j ` o r i p f r c k o i p n k j s *

P m f p k p i c h i s s k g p m f g i cc m i s b f f j f s p n(h i p f ` p k b f i b k v p 45 p k j s - L r n j k w # 9 >7 7#9 >4 0. i j ` n p m i s b f f j f s p n h i p f ` p m i p i p c f i s p2 55 p k j s k g h f p f k r n p n o h i p p f r t f r f o k j (p i n j f ` nj p m f s h k l f p r i n c - M f n ` f # 9 >7 ?. *

L r n j k w - 9> 40 . m i s ` f w f c k u f ` i y v i c n p i p n w fh k ` f c p k ` f s o r n b f p m f u r f s f j o f k g s f o k j ` (i r ~ s o i p p f r f c c n u s f s s v u f r u k s f ` k j p m f h i n j

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9/23

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G f s f j l k w - 9 > 6 9 . i j ` L r n j k w - 9 > 7 7 . o i c (o v c i p f pm i p pm f h f p f k r k n ` f j p f r f ` p m fF i r p m $ s i p h k s u m f r f t n p m i w f c k o n p~ k g 9 0 (96 l h s f o (9 i j ` p m i p i b r f i l v u k o o v r r f ` i pi j i c p n pv ` f k g i u u r k } n h i p f c ~ 7 l h t m n o mu r k b i b c ~ r f c i p f s p k p m f pm n r ` s p i d f k gb r f i l v u r f g f r r f ` p k b ~ L r n j k w - 9 > 4 0 . *T i b i r

P m f T i b i r o r i p f r g n f c ` n s c k o i p f ` n j p m fD r f i p _ k v p m @ f s f r p k g I r i b n i - 2 9 2 > $J #6 5 2 = $ F . n j p m f R v b $ i c L m i c n * U m n c b ~ - 9 >? ? .` n s o k w f r f ` p m f o r i p f rs i j ` w i r n k v s i v pm k r s- B i r p r v h # 9 > ?2 7 ?< L r n j k w #9 >7 7. s p i p f p m i p p t k o r i p f r s h i l f v u p m nsg nf c `* K p m f r i v p m k r s - M k c h # 9 > 72 < M f n ` f #9 >7 ?. d nw f p m f j v h b f r k g o r i p f r s i s g k v r k rg n w f # r f s u f o p n w f c ~ - r f g f r p k G n d * 7 i j ` P i b c fW N N . *

G r i d h f j p s k g h f p f k r n p n o nr k j - k o p i m f ` r n p fo c i s s . m i w f b f f j g k v j ` n j p m f i r f i i j ` ip k pi c h i s s k g i b k v p 92 l d m i w f b f f j r f o k w (f r f ` - L r n j k w # 9 > 7 7.*

P m f p r i a f o p k r ~ n s b f c n f w f ` p k m i w f b f f jg r k h T J T p k F _ F i s s v d d f s p f ` b ~ p mfo k j g n d v r i p nk j k g pm f o r i p f r s *

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P m f g i cc k g i h f p f k r n p f b f d n j s t m f j n pf j p f r s p m f v u u f r i p h k s u m f r f * N p s n jn pn ic d f k (o f j p r n o w f c k o n p ~ o i j r i j d f g r k h c c * 2 p ki b k v p 4 5 l h s f o (9 i s s v h n j d p m f h f p f k r k n `p k b f n j i m f c n k o f j p r n o k r b n p * N p s f j p r ~ i j d c fo i j i c s k r i j d f g r k h j f i r q f r k p k > 5 t n p mr f s u f o p p k p m f c k o i c m k r n q k j p i c t n p m 0 6 b f n j d p m f h k s p c n l f c ~ f j p r ~ i j d c f - D n c b f r p#9=>?. *

I s p m f h f p f k r k n ` o k c c n ` f s t n p m i p k h s n jp m f i n r # s k h f k g n ps l n j f p n o f j f r d ~ n s ` n s s n(u i p f ` * _ k h f k g pm n s f j f r d ~ n s v s f ` nj i b c i p(n jd pm f b k ` ~ b ~ h f c p n j d i j ` + k r w i u k r n q nj dp m f f } u k s f ` s v r gi o f * _ k h f k g n p s h k h f j (p v h n s i c s k p r i j s g f r r f ` p k pm f i n r i j ` p m f

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I p s v u f r s k j n o w f c k o n p n f s # i b k t s m k o l n su r k ` v o f ` i j ` p m f h f p f k r k n ` n s s v b af o p f ` p km nd m s p r fs s f s * T m f j p m f s f s p r f s s f s f } o f f `p m f ~ n f c` s p r f j d p m k g p m f b k ` ~ # g r i d h f j p i (p n k j k o o v r s * I g p f r b r f i l v u # p m f n j ` nw n ` v i cg r i d h f j p s ` f o f c f r i p f ` n g g f r f j p n i c c ~ i o o k r ` (n jd pk p m f n r r f ci p n w f h i s s f s i j ` d r i w n p ~o i v s f s i w f r p no i c s f u i r i p n k j k g p m f n j ` n w n` (v i c p r i a f o p k r nf s k g p m f g r i d h f j p s * P m fs h i c c f r g r i d h f j p s i r f ` f o f c f r i p f ` p m f gi s p (f s p i j ` i r f # pm f r f g k r f # p m f h k s p i g g f o p f ` b ~d r i w n p ~ i j ` g i cc s m k r p k g pm f c i r d f r g r i d (h f j p s *F y v i p n k j s

P m f s n h u c f s p h k ` f c g k r i p h k s u m f r n o f j (p r ~ ij ` p r i a f o p k r ~ k g i h f p f k r k n ` i s s v h f sp m i p p m f F i r p m n s g c i p - r f g f r p k G n d * 4 .* G k rp m ns o i s f p m f f y v i p n k j s d k w f r j n j d p m f h k (p nk j i j ` i b c i p n k j k g p m f h f p f k r k n ` i r f i sg k cc k t s - G f s f j l k w # 9 >6 96 96 = 49 < R f j i r ` i j `O i s s n ` ~ # 9 > 4 9 . 1

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o r k s s ( s f o p n k j i c i r f i k g p m f h f p f k r k n ` # H n sp m f h i s s # _ w n s p m f s m i u f g i o p k r # U h n s p m f` f j s n p ~ k g p m f h f p f k r k n ` # i j ` d ns p m f m f i pk g i b ci p n k j g k r p m f h f p f k r k n ` i c h i p f r n i c*

P m f o k f g g n o n f j p s g k r c ng p i j ` ` r i d i r f r f (s u f o p n w f c ~ O C i j ` O@ i j ` p m f m f i p p r i j s g f ro k f g g n o n f j p n s OM * P m f i j d c f 5 n s t n p m r f s u f o pp k p m f c k o ic m k r n q k j p i c # p m f h f p f k r k n ` w f c k o (n p ~ n s W i j ` p m f o r n p n o i c w f c k o n p ~ n s W oj * P n h fn s p # i o o f c f r i p n k j k g d r i w n p ~ n s d # i j `` k t j r i j d f ` n s p i j o f n s ] *

P m f c k o i c i n r ` f j s n p ~ u i n s i g v j o p n k j k gp m f s f i ( c f w f c ` f j s n p ~ U 5 # p m f i c p n p v ` f Q # i j `p m f s o i c f m f n d m p M *G k r i s u m f r n o i c u c i j f p # F y s * - ?. i j ` - 6 .h v s p b f h k ` n g n f ` p k n j o c v ` f p f r h s g k r p m fo v r w i p v r f k g p m f u c i j f p * P m f h k ` n g nf ` f y v i (p n k j s i r f - D i q c f ~ # 9 >7 9. 1

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t m f r f R F n s p m f r i ` n v s k g pm f F i r p m *O R I P F R @ N I H F P F R _

W i r n k v s o r i p f r f j f r d ~ ( ` n i h f p f r so i c nj dc i t s m i w f b f f j u r k u k s f ` - B i c ` t n j # 9 >7 ? 4 0< H k k r f # 9 >4 7< @ f j o f f p i c * #9 > 4 4 . t m n o m i c c m i w f p m f d f j f r i c g k r h v c i

@ ( ( - F l . ~ #t m f r f @ ns pm f ` n i h f p f r - nj o f j p n h f p f r s . # F ln s p m f n h u i o p n j d l n j f p n o f j f r d ~ - f r d s . # i j ` ~n s i u u r k } n h i p f c ~ 9 * G k r p m ns u i u f r # p m fg k c c k t n j d f j f r d ~ ( ` n i h f p f r s o i c n j d f y v i (p n k j s i r f v s f ` - D i v c p # 9 > 4 0 . 1@ 8 5 *5 5 9 6 u h c + r u p ( c p Q - F l . $ ? r - s n j -u.2+?# -95.@ 8 5 *5 2 6 u h p + r u p ( c 9 2 - F l . $ Q > - s n j z . 9 + ? # -99.@ 8 5 *5 2 4 uh$crup(9+2-Fl.$2=-snj zk.v? # -92.t m f r f U p n s p m f ` f j s n p ~ k g p m f p i r d f p h i p f r n i ci j ` zk n s pm f n h u i o p i j d c f t n p m r f s u f o p p k p m fm k r n q k j p i c *

P m f g n r s p f y v i p n k j - 9 5 . n s g k r n h u i o p si d i n js p h i s s n w f r k o l t n p m r f s v c pi j p o r i p f r sv u p k 9 5 h n j ` n i h f p f r * P m f r f n s i d r i ` v i cp r i j s np n k j p k p m f s f o k j ` f y v i p n k j - 99 . t m n o mn s w i c n ` v u p k 9 5 5( h ` n i h f p f r o r i p f r s * P m fp m n r ` f y v i p n k j n s w i c n` g k r o r i p f r s k g l n c k h f (p f r ` n h f j s n k j s # t n p m i d r i ` v i c p r i j s n p n k jb f p t f f j p m f c is p pt k f y v i p n k j s b f p t f f j9 55 ( i j ` 9 5 55 ( h ` n i h f p f r o r i p f r s *

_ U F O NG N O I P NK J _ G K R J V H F R N O I CH K @ F C N J D

H f p f k r p m f k r ~ o k j p in j s s f w f r i c v j l j k t ju i r i h f p f r s t m n o m n j o cv ` f 1 s m i u f # m f i pp r i j s g f r o k f g g n o n f j p # ` r i d o k f g g n o n f j p # i j `c n gp ( pk ( ` ri d ri p n k* P m f s f u i r i h f p f r s # p m f r f (g k r f # m i w f p k b f f s p nh i p f ` g k r j v h f r n o i ch k ` f c n j d *G k r s n h u c n o np ~ # p m f o i c o v c i p n k j s i s s v h fp m i p p m f h f p f k r k n ` n s s u m f r n o i c i j ` p m n s n s

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O R I P F R G N F C @ G K R H I P N K J 22 9i u u r k } n h i p f c ~ o k r r f o p n g i j k j s u m f r n o i c h f (p f k r k n ` ns s u n j j nj d r i u n ` c ~ i s n p ` f s o f j ` s *P m f s m i u f g i o p k r -_ G. g k r i s u m f r n o i c b k ` ~ n si ` n h f j s n k j c f s s y v i j p n p ~ i j ` i w i c v f k g 9 *29n s v s f ` - H o L n j c f ~ # 9 > 7 9# u * 9 4 ?.* P m f cn gp (p k ( ` r i d r i p nk n s i s s v h f ` p k b f q f r k -O C 85 *5 . # m k t f w f r # s f w f r i c o i c o v c i p n k j s t f r fh i ` f p k ` f pf r h n j f p m f h i } n h v h w i c v f pm i pp m f c n gp o k f g g n o n f j p o k v c ` m i w f i j ` s pn cc u r k (` v o f p m f ` n s p r n b v p n k j k g o r i p f r s g k v j ` n jl j k t j o r i p f r gn f c` s - pm n s ns ` n s o v s s f ` c i p f r. *

P m f w i c v f k g pm f m f i p p r i j s g f r o k f g g no n f j p- O r5 # m i s b f f j s v d d f s p f ` p k b f nj p m f r i j d fk g 5 * 7 pk 5 *9 k r c f s s - H o L n j c f ~ # 9 > 79 # u *9 40 .* W i c v f s k g p m f k r ` f r 9 5 ( 2 m i w f i c s kb f f j o k j s n ` f r f ` * P m n s o k f g gn o n fj p ns i s pr k j dg v j o p n k j k g s u f f ` # i c p np v ` f # i j ` b k ` ~ s n q f- I c c f j f p i c * # 9 >7 ?< _ f n g g i j ` P i v b f r # 9 >7 7.b v p gk r p m f o i c o v c i p n k j s u r f s f j p f ` m f r f # io k j s p i j p w i c v f k g 5 * 52 ns v s f ` * P m f o m k n o fg k r p m f w i c v f k g p m ns u i r i h f p f r n s j k p i sn h u k r p i j p g k r h i s s f s c i r d f r p m i j 957 l d # i si r f k g n j p f r f s p n j p m n s u i u f r # i s n p n s g k rh f p f k r k n ` h i s s f s 950 l d k r c f s s - R f j i r ì j ` O i s s n ` ~ # 9 > 4 9.*

P m f m f i p k g i b c i p n k j - 5 g k r i j n rk j h f p f (k r k n ` n s i o k h b n j i p n k j k g p m f m f i p k g g v s n k j-zg ( ( 9 *=> } 957 A ld (z. ij ` pm f mf i p k gw i u k r n q i p n k j -z w 8 = * 5 9 } 9 57 A l d ( 9 .- B i c ` t n j i j ` _ m f i g g f r # 9 >4 9.* P m f o k h (b n j f ` w i c v f v s f ` n j pm n s u i u f r n s 6 * 5 c 57 Al d ( 9*

P m f r f f } n s ps i w f c k o n p ~ b f c k t t m n o m j ki u u r f o n i b c f i b c i p n k j k o o v r s g k r i d n w f j ` f j (s n p ~ k g i n r * P m n s n s l j k t j i s p m f o r n p n o i cw f c k o n p ~ - W oi . g k r t m n o m t f v s f i w i c v f k g? * 5 l h s f o ( z* P m n s n s p m f f } u f r n h f j p i c c ~` f p f r h n j f ` w f c k o n p~ b f c k t t m n o m s p f f c u f c(c f p s ` k j k p d c k t i p s f i ( c f w f c i n r ` f j s n p n f s- I c c f j f p i c * # 9>62. *

P m f ` r i d o k f g g n o n f j p -O @ . g k r i s u m f r n o i ch f p f k r k n ` n s i u u r k } n h i p f c ~ 5 * 6# i j ` pm n sw i c v f n s i s s v h f ` nj pm f o i c o v c i p n k j s u r f (s f j p f ` n j p m ns u i u f r - M i t l n j s # 9 >7 0# u u *9 4 ( 9 = . *

N r k j h f p f k r k n ` s t n p m i ` f j s n p ~ - Uh . k g 4 *=] 95? l d h ( ? i r f i s s v h f ` p k n h u i o p i p i r d f pt n p m i ` f j s n p ~ - Up . k g ? * 5 } c 5 i l d h ( ? g k r p m fo i c o v c i p n k j k g o r i p f r ` n i h f p f r s *

P m f s o i c f m f nd m p - M . gk r p m f F i r p m $ s i p (h k s u m f r f w i r n f s g r k h 7 *0 l h i p m nd m i cp n(p v ` f s p k = *0 l h i p s f i c f w fc * T f i s s v h f io k j s p i j p i w f r i d f w i c v f k g 4 *2 l h - R f j i r ì j ` O i s s n ` ~ # 9 >4 9.* P m f j v h f r n o i c o i c o v c i (p n k j s b f d n j i p i j i cp n pv ` f k g 4 5 l h * I b k w fp m n s # p m f r f n s j k s n d j n g no i j p i b c i p n k j k g rm f p f (k r k n` s t m k s f h i s s f s i r f d r f i p f r p m i j i b k v p950 ld*

BRFILVUP m f g r i d h f j p i p n k j u r k o f s s k g i h f p f k r (

k n ` ns j k p gv c c~ v j ` f r s p k k ` * P m f u r f s f j o f k gu r f f } n s pn j d ` f g f o p s k r u ci j f s k g t f i l j f s s n jp m f h f p f k r k n ` o i j s p r k j d c ~ n j g c v f j o f n p sb r f i l v u * _ k h f k g p mf h f o m i j n s h s u r k (u k s f ` p k o i v s f g r i o p v r nj d n j o cv ` f p m f r h k (h f o m i j n o i c s p r f s s f s - C i j d # 9>44. i j ` i f r k (` ~ j i h n o u r f s s v r f s - B i c ` t n j i j ` _ m f i g g f r #9 > 4 9 . * P m f c i p p f r n s p r f i p f ` n j p m n s u i u f rb f o i v s f p m f i f r k ` ~ j i h n o h k ` f c gk rg r id h f j p i p nk j ` k h n j i p fs p mf p m f r h k h f (o m i j n o i c h k ` f c i p i c p n p v ` f s c f s s p m i j = 5 l n j *

P m f i o p v i c h f o m i j n o s k g g r i d h f j p i p n k j nsi u r k o f s s v j n y v f p k f i o m h f p f k r k n ` i j ` p m fj v h b f r k g g r i d h f j p s u r k ` v o f ` o i j r i jd fg r k h p t k p k ci r df j v h b f r s *

B v ` ` m v f - 9> 0 2. s i h u c f ` n rk j h f p f k r n p f sg r k h j n j f s f u i r i p f g ic cs i j ` g k v j ` p m i p p m f n ro r v s m n j d s p r f j d p m s w i r n f ` g r k h 7 } 957 p k 0} c 5 s J h ( 2 * W i c v f s k g 2 } c 5 6 - K u n l # 9 > 6 = .i j ` 6 } 95= J h ( q - B i c ` t n j i j ` _ m f i g g f r #9 >4 9. m i w f i c s k b f f j u r k u k s f ` * N p s m k v c ` b fj k p f ` p m i p B v ` ` m v f $ s w i c v f s t f r f ` f r nw f `g r k h h f p f k r n p f s t m n o m j k p k j c ~ s v r w n w f ì p h k s u m f r n o s p r f ss f s b v p i c sk r f h i n j f ` nj (p i o p i g pf r n h u i o p t n p m p m f s v r g i o f * P m f s fw i c v f s # p m f r f g k r f # s m k v c ` b f o k j s n ` f r f ` i sh i } n h v h o r v s m n j d s p r f j d p m s g k r p m f k rn d n(j i c j k j g r i d h f j p f ` h f p f k r k n ` s *

P m f i c p n p v ` f i p t m n o m b r f i l v u k o o v r s n s ig v j o p n k j k g p m f s p r f j d p m i j ` w f c k o n p ~ k g p m fh f p f k r k n ` i s t f c c i s k g p m f c k o i c i n r ` f j s n p ~- r f g f r p k G n d * =. * P m f s p i d j i p n k j u r f s s v r f #U # b f m n j ` p m f b k t s m k o l n s1

U 8 ui W q * - 9?.P m n s u r f s s v r f n s f } f r p f ` k j p m f c f i ` nj d f ` d fk g p m f h f p f k r k n ` * P m f u r f s s v r f n j p m f h f p f (

12/23

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z 5 +k qk *zk 0k 65 75 qkN J N P N I C W F C K O N P ^ zA |L H(_ _O ($.

GND* =* @nidrih smktnjd mkt pmf brfilvu icpnpv`fwirnfs gkr `nggfrfjp ~nfc` sprfjdpms i j` wfckonpnfs* Pmnsgndvrf okwfrs h fpfkrkn`s tmksf h issfs rijdf grkh N5pk 95 ld ij` pmf fggfops kg iphksum frno `rid irfnjocv`f`* Np smkvc` bf jkpf` pmip pmf njokh njd bk`nfsbfnjd okjsn`frf` irf cirdf fjk vd m pmip h i}nhvh`fofcfripnkj ns jkp rfiomf` bfgkrf brfilvu -kr nhuiop.k o o v r s *

k r k n ` t i l f n s j f i r c ~ q f r k * P m n s ` n g g f r f j o f n ju r f s s v r f b f p t f f j p m f g r k j p i j ` b i o l k g p m fh f p f k r k n ` n s r f s u k j s n b c f g k r b k p m ` f o f c f r i p (n j d i j ` o r v s m n j d n p * P m n s h k ` f c g k r b r f i l v uns f ss f j p ni c c~ p m f s i h f i s t i s u r k u k s f ` b ~B i c ` t n j i j ` _ m f i g g f r - 9> 4 9. * L r n j k w - 9 >7 7 .o k j s n ` f r s p m f g r i d h f j p i p n k j q k j f g k r h k s ph f p f k r k n ` s p k b f b f p t f f j 92 i j ` ? 5 l hi c p n p v ` f *

I u u r k } n h i p f b r f i l v u s p r f j d pm s o i j i cs kb f o i c o v c i p f ` v s n j d p m f w f c k o n p n f s i j ` i c p n(p v ` f s g k r p m f b r f i l v u k g k b s f r w f ` h f p f k r (k n ` s * P m f _ n l m k p f ( I c n j h f p f k r k n ` n s s i n ` p km i w f g r i d h f j p f ` i p i j i cp n pv ` f k g i u u r k } n (h i p f c ~ 7 l h t n p m i w f c k o n p ~ k g i b k v p 90 l hs f o (z - G f s f j l k w # 9 > 69 < L r n j k w # 9 >7 7 .* P m n sd n w f s i b r f i l v u s p r f j d p m k g i b k v p c 5 s Jh (z * P m f U i r i d k v c ` h f p f k r n p f - J f c s k j #9 >6 ?. b r k l f v u i p i b k v p 9 7 l h i c p n pv ` f t n p mi w f c k o n p ~ k g 96 l h s f o (z t m n o m d n w f s i~ n f c ` s p r f j d p m k g ? c5 4 J h ( 2* K p m f rw i c v f s o k j s n ` f r i b c ~ c f s s p m i j p m f s f i r f i c s ku k s s n b n cn p nf s # i s t k v c ` b f f } u f o p f ` n j p m fo i s f k g " ` v s p b i c c s " k r m nd m c~ g r i o p v r f `h f p f k r k n ` s *

G k r p m f j v h f r n o i c h k ` f c n j d k g p m fb r f i l v u k g i h f p f k r k n ` # ~ n fc ` s p r f j d p m s k gj f i r q f r k - o k r r f s u k j ` n j d p k i b r f i l v u

i b k w f 4 5 l h . # 9 9 54 # 9 * 2 c 5 s # i j ` 6 c 5 s J h ( q t f r f v s f ` *

I c s k # s n j o f p m f l j k t j o r i p f r g n f c ` s ` n s (u c i ~ i r i j d f n j o r i p f r s n q f s # pm f o k h u v p f rh k ` f c h f p f k r k n ` t i s " b r k l f j ` k t j " n jp k` n g g f r f j p s n q f ` g r i d h f j p s < f i o m g r i d h f j pb f n j d k j f ( m i c g p m f h i s s k g p m f j f } p c i r d f rg r i d h f j p * P m f n j ` n w n ` v i c pr i a f o p k r n f s k g p m fg r i d h f j p s t f r f p m f j o i c o v c i p f ` b ~ j v h f r n (o i c c ~ n j p f d r i p nj d F y s * 9 ( > v s n j d i R v j d f (L v p p i r k v p n j f * P m f o k h u v p i p n k j t i s p f r h n (j i p f ` t m f j p m f c i s p g r i d h f j p s p r v o l p mfd r k v j ` i j ` p m f s f u i r i p nk j s b f p t f f j p m fh f p f k r n p f n h u i o p s t f r f o i c o v c i p f ` i s t f c ci s pm f ` n i h f p f r s k g p m f o r i p f r s g k r h f ` *

ORK__(RIJDF@N_UFR_NKJI c c k g pm f l j k t j o r i p f r g nf c` s f } m n b n p i

o r k s s ( r i j d f s u r f i ` i s t f c c i s i ` k t j r i j d fs u r f i ` - r f g f r p k P i b c f W N N N . * P k f } u c i n j p m n so r k s s ( r i j d f s u r f i ` # p m f r f h v s p f } n s p ip r i j s w f r s f m k r n q k j p ic w f c k o n p~ o k h u k j f j pi s s k o n i p f ` t n p m p m f p r i a f o p k r ~ k g p m f h f p f (k r k n ` g r i d h f j p s *

_ f w f r i c h f o m i j n s h s g k r s v u u c ~ n j d ip r i j s w f r s f w f c k o n p ~ o k h u k j f j p p k pm f h f p f (k r k n ` g r i d h f j p s n j o cv ` f 1 p m f f g g f o p k g p r i j s (w f r s f c n g p # o f j p r n u f p i c s f u i r i p n k j g r k h ir k p ip n j d h f p f k r k n ` # ` ~ j i h n o i c p r i j s w f r s fs f u i r i p n k j r f s v c p nj d g r k h p m f o r v s m n j db r f i l v u k g p m f h f p f k r k n ` # i j ` p m f n j p f ri o (p nk j k g p t k k r h k r f b k t s m k o l s k g p m fg r i d h f j p s a v s p i g p f r b rf i l v u * F i o m k g p m f s fi r f ` n s o v s s f ` n j p m f p f } p p m i p g k c c k t s *

Fggfop kg Cn g pP m f s n h u c n g ~ nj d i s s v h u p n k j k g i s u m f r n o i ck r p v h b c n j d h f p f k r k n ` t n p m q f r k cn gp h i ~j k p b f f j p n r f c ~ o k r r f o p i j ` i cn gp u f r u f j ` n o (v c i r p k p m f c n j f k g gc nd m p h i ~ u c i ~ i r k c f n jp m f g nj i c ` n s p r n b v p n k j k g o r i p f r s *

P m f r f n s i h i } n h v h w i c v f p m i p p m f c n g po k f g g n o n f j p -O C. o i j m i w f g k r t m n o m p m fc i r d f s p o r i p f r n j i d n w f j s p r f t j g n f c ` n sc k o i p f ` i p p m f ` k t j r i j d f f j ` * W i c v f s k g OCc i rd f r p m i j p m ns h i } n h v h w i c v f t k v c `r f s v c p nj i s p r f t j g nf c` t m f r f p m f s h i c c f s pg r i d h f j p s i r f gk v j ` s o i p p f r f ` i r k v j ` - i j ` #


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n j u i r p n o v c i r # ` k t j r i j d f g r k h . p m f c i r d f s pg r i d h f j p s # i u i p p f r j t m n o m n s j k p d f j f r i c c ~g k v j ` n j p m f l j k t j o r i p f r g n f c ` s *

K j f h f p m k ` g k r ` f p f r h n j n j d i j i u u r k }n (h i p f w i c v f g k r O C ns p k ` f p f r h n j f p m f w i c v fg k r t m n o m p m f v u t i r ` g k r o f s k j pm f h f p f k r (k n ` ` v rn j d f j p r ~ f y v i c pm f ` k t j t i r ` g k r o f s- r f g f r p k G n d * 4 i j ` F y * ? .* N j pm n s o i s f # p m fp r i a f o p k r n f s s m k t j k s p f f u f j n j d n j p m f n ri j d c f t n p m r f s u f o p p k p m f m k r n q k j p i c i s p m fh f p f k r k n ` n s ` f o f c f r i p f ` b ~ ` r i d # i j ` i c ck g pm f g r i d h f j p s n h u i o p i p p m f s i h f` k t j r i j d f ` n s p i j o f - n * f * # j k s f u i r i p f o r i (p f r s i r f u r k ` v o f ` . * B ~ p m ns h f p m k ` n p t i sg k v j ` p m i p O C z 9 5 (? i j ` p m i p c ng p o i j j k pu c i ~ i j n h u k r p i j p r k c f nj pm f g k r h i p n k j k gp f r r f s p r n i c o r i p f r g nf c ` s * U r k k g k g p m f j f d c n d n(b n c n p ~ k g c n g p g k c c k t s *

_ n j o f h k r f p m i j > 5 & k g pm f f g g f o p n w f c ng pk o o v r s b f c k t 2 5 l h i c pn p v ` f # p m f i w f r i d fi p h k s u m f r n o ` f j s n p ~ - p_ i. g k r p m n s q k j f n s

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J v h f r n o i c h k ` f c nj d t i s i c s k v s f ` p k` f p f r h n j f p m f h i } n h v h w i c v f g k r O C * N pt i s g k v j ` p m i p i c ng p o k f g g n o n f j p -O C. d r f i p f rp m i j i b k v p 95 (? t k v c ` u r k ` v o f i o r i p f r g n fc `t m f r f s k h f k g p m f s h i c c f r g r i d h f j p s n h (u i o p ` k t j r i j d f g r k h p m f c i r d f r g r i d h f j p s- i s s v h n j d p m f c n g p p k b f ` n r f o p f ` p r i j s (w f r s f c ~ v u t i r ` p k pm f p r i a f o p k r ~ . * P m f r f (g k r f # i h i } n h v h w i c v f g k r p m f c ng po k f g g n o n f j p n s k g k r ` f r 9 5 ( ? *

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^ 8 W # p 8 - ? R 9 O u i . c $ 2 Q -27.2R2uh s nj 5P m f h i } n h v h s f u i r i p n k j -^ h i} . n s

i o m n f w f ` t m f j b r f i l v u k o o v r s i p i j i c p n (p v ` f k g p t k s o i c f m f n d m p s - i b k v p 9 6 l h . * B ~s p v ` ~ n j d p m f o r k s s ( r i j d f s u r f i ` k g o r i p f r sn j l j k t j o r i p f r g n f c ` s # n p n s u k s s n b c f p k` f p f r h n j f i j i u u r k } n h i p f w i c vf k g p m f o k j (s p i j p O n j F y * - 25 . * V s n j d p m f n j g k r h i p n k j n jP i b c f W N N N # p m f r i j d f n j o r k s s ( r i j d fs u r f i ` s n s g r k h 5 *9 p k i b k v p 2 * 5 l h * G r k hF y * - 27 . # p m f o k j s p i j p O n s o i c o v c i p f ` p k b fb f p t f f j 5 * 52 i j ` 9 *6 2 - i s s v h n j d p m i p p m fr i p nk k g o r i p f r s n q f s n s cn j f i r c ~ u r k u k r p n k j i cp k pm f ` n i h f p f r s k g p m f o k r r f s u k j ` n j d n h (u i o p n j d h f p f k r n p f s # i j ` i s s v h n j d i 9 6 ij(d c f t n p m i b r f i l v u i p 9 6 l h i c p np v ` f . * _ n j o fp m f o r i p f r g n f c ` s v s f ` n j p m n s o i c o v c i p n k j i r fj k p j f o f s s i r n c ~ p m f r f s v c p k g i b r f i l v u i p 96l h # n p s m k v c ` b f j k p f ` p m i p p m f m n d m f r w i c v fk g 9 * 62 ns h k r f c n l f c ~ p m f p r v f w i c v f - n * f * #s n j o f b r f i l v u t i s i s s v h f ` p k k o o v r i p 9 6l h i c p n p v ` f # t m f r f p m f h i } n h v h s f u i r i (p n k j g k r p m ns h f o m i j n s h k o o v r s # i j i o p v i cb r f i l v u i p f n p m f r m n d m f r k r c k t f r p m i j 96l h i c p np v ` f t k v c ` r f s v c p n j i o i c o v ci p n k j k gO p m i p ns c k t f r p m i j p m f p r v f w i c v f . * G k r p m nsr f i s k j i w i c v f k g v j n p ~ n s i s s n d j f ` p k O i j `n s u r k b i b c ~ o k r r f o p p k t n p m nj i g i o p k r k g 2*

I s s v h n j d i r i p n k k g h f p f k r k n ` r i ` n n k g9 1 7 - o k r r f s u k j ` n j d p k p m f r i p nk k g k b s f r w f `o r i p f r ` n i h f p f r s n j s f w f r i c o r i p f r g n f c` s . i j `v s nj d i 9 6 i j d cf p r i a f o p k r ~ t n p m i b r f i l v ui p 9 6 l h i c p np v ` f # p m f f } u f o p f ` o r k s s ( r i j d fs u r f i ` - ^ . ns i b k v p 9 l h - r f g f r pk F y * - 27 .. *P m n s w i c v f ns o k h u i r i b c f p k p m f o r k s s ( r i j d fs u r f i ` s n j P i b c f W N N N i j ` ns n j ` f u f j ` f j p k gp m f h i s s f s k g p m f h f p f k r k n ` g r i d h f j p s *

P m f n j p f r i o p nk j k g b k t s m k o l s o i j r f s v cpn j i o r i p f r g n f c` t m f r f s h i c c f r o r i p f r s i r fs o i p p f r f ` o k h u c f p f c ~ i r k v j ` p m f h i n j o r i(p f r * I s ~ h h f p r n o ` n s p r n b v pn k j k g g r i d h f j p s

i r k v j ` p m f h i n j o r i p f r t k v c ` b f f } u f o p f `g k r p m f o i s f k g w f rp n o i c f j p r ~ * G k r f j p r ~i j d c f s c f s s p m i j i u u r k } n h i p f c ~ ? 5 # m k t(f w f r # p m f s f u i r i p n k j b f p t f f j g r i d h f j p s n s` k h n j i p f ` b ~ ` r i d i j ` d r i w n p ~ g k r o f s i j `f s s f j p n i cc ~ i c c k g p m f s h i c c f r h f p f k r k n ` g ri d (h f j p s g ic c s m k r p k g pm f c i r d f s p g r i d h f j p * P m fn j p f r i o p n k j k g b k t s m k o l s n s# p m f r f g k r f #u r n h i r n c~ r f s u k j s n b c f g k r pm f o r k s s ( r i j d fs u r f i ` k b s f r w f ` # n j p m f o i s f k g s m i c c k ti j d c f p r i a f o p k r n f s # r i p m f r p m i j p m f d r i w n p ~` k h n j i p f ` ` k t j r i j d f s u r f i ` * C n g p ns u r k b (i b c ~ n j s n d j n g n o i j p n j f } u c i n j n j d o r k s s ( r i j d fs u r f i ` f } o f u p nj p m f o i s f k g g r i d h f j p st m k s f h i s s f s i r f c f ss p m i j 952 l d * P m f b k ts m k o l n j p f r i o p n k j h i ~ i c s k b f r f c i p f ` p k pm ff } u c k s n w f f g g f o p p m i p k b s f r w f r s ` f s o r n b ft m f j i h f p f k r k n ` g r id h f j p s - L r n j k w #9>77. *F g g f o p k g i _ u n j j n j d H f p f k r k n `

N g k j f i s s v h f s p m i p i ci r d f h f p f k r k n ` nss u n j j nj d i p p m f p nh f b r f i l v u k o o v r s # g ri d (h f j p s h i ~ s f u i r i p f g r k h pm f u i r f j p b k ` ~t n p m p i j d f j p n i c w f c k o n p n f s s v g g n o n f j p p k f } (u c i n j p m f o r k s s ( r i j d f s f u i r i p n k j k b s f r w f `n j p f r r f s p r n i c o r i p f r g n fc ` s* P m n s # m k t f w f r #i s s v h f s p m i p p m f s u n j i } n s k g p m f b k ` ~ n sk r n f j p f ` s v o m p m i p p m f p i j d f j p n i c w f c k o n p n f sk g p m f g r i d h f j p s i r f m k r n q k j p i c c ~ p r i j s w f r s fp k p m f k r n d n j i c n j n p n i c p r i a f o p k r ~ *

I s s v h n j d p m i p i c i rd f h f p f k r k n ` f j p f r sp m f i p h k s u m f r f i p 9 5 l h s f o (z t n p m i j f j p r ~i j d c f k g 9 6 t n p m r f s u f o p p k p m f m k r n q k j p i ci j ` p m i p b r f i l v u k o o v r s i p 9 6 l h i c p np v ` f # ip r i j s w f r s f w f c k o n p ~ k g i b k v p 2 55 h s f o (z nsr f y v n r f ` p k f } u c i n j p m f o r k s s ( r i j d f s u r f i `k b s f r w f ` * N p o i j b f f i sn c ~ s m k t j p m i p g k r is u m f r n o i c h f p f k r k n ` t m k s f h i s s n s 957 l d #N 5 r u s n s r f y v n r f ` p k s v u u c ~ p m n s p i j d f j p n i cw f c k o n p ~ * G k r i 9 59 (l d b k ` ~ # i b k v p 5 * 6 ru sn s r f y v n r f ` * P m f r f y v n r f ` i j d v c i r w f c k o n p ~w i r n f s n j w f r s f c ~ t n p m i c p n pv ` f k g b r f i l v ui j ` c n j f i r c ~ t n p m p m f n j n p n i c w f c k o n p ~ *_ f u i r i p n k j @ v f p k O r v s m n j d

O i c o v c i p n k j k g p m f p r i j s w f r s f i o o f c f r i (p n k j s f } u f r n f j o f ` b ~ g r i d h f j p s i s p m f nj n(

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n h u i o p t n p m i j k j d r i w n p i p n j d b k ` ~ n s 06 - D n c b f r p # 9 = > ?. * _ m k f h i l f r -9 > 7 2. f } p f j ` f `p m n s o i c o v c i p n k j p k i d r i w n p i p n j d b k ` ~ i j `` f r n w f ` p m f s i h f i j d cf # i s s v h n j d j k i p h k (s u m f r n o ` f o f c f r i p n k j * P m f u r k b i b n c n p ~ g k rn h u i o p i p i j d c f s c f s s p m i j ? 5 t n p m r f s u f o pp k p m f m k r n q k j p i c ns k j f k g f w f r ~ g k v rf w f j p s * P m r f f k g f w f r ~ 9 55 f w f j p s k o o v r i pi j d c f s cf s s p m i j 9 5 - D i v c p i j ` T f ` f l n j ` #9>4=. *

P m n s u i u f r n s o k j o f r j f ` t n p m s m i c c k ti j d c f f j p r nf s c f s s p m i j i b k v p ? 5 b f o i v s f g k ri j d c f s s p f f u f r p m i j ? 5 # p m f r f n s j ks n d j n gn o i j p d r i w n p ~ s f u i r i p n k j k g ` n g g f r f j ph i s s g r i d h f j p s # i j ` p m f s f u i r i p n k j k g o r i (p f r s g k r i 0 6 i j d c f p r i a f o p k r ~ t k v c ` b f c f s sp m i j ? 5 5 h n g n p n s f j p n r f c ~ ` v f p k p m fn j p f r i o p n k j k g b k t s m k o l s g k r i ri p n k k gh f p f k r k n ` r i ` n n k g N 1 7 * G k r i j n j n p ni c h i s sk g 9 5> l d i p i 0 6 i j d c f # i s n j d c f o r i p f rt k v c ` b f g k r h f ` f w f j n g b r f i l v u k o o v r sb f o i v s f p m f s f u i r i p n k j k g p m f g ri d h f j p st k v c ` b f n j s vg g no n fj p p k u r k ` v o f h v c p n u cfo r i p f r s * _ k h f p n h f s pm f p r i a f o p k r ~ k g i jn j o k h n j d h f p f k r k n ` n s p k k s m i c c k t p k m n p pm fs v r g i o f * P m f ` i ~ p n h f g nr f b ic c k g I v d v s p 9 5#9>42 - _ l ~ ' P f c* 9 > 4 2 < R i t o c n g g f p ic * # 9 > 4 0 4 0. t i s i j f } i h u c f k g k j f s v o mh f p f k r k n ` * P m f h i s s k g p m ns b k ` ~ m i s b f f jf s p n h i p f ` p k m i w f b f f j c 5 s l d i j ` n ps w f c k o (n p ~ t i s i b k v p 96 l h s f o ( 9* N p s f j p r ~ i j d c ft i s i u u r k } n h i p f c ~ 0 i j ` p m f c k t f s p u k n j pn j np s p r i a f o p k r ~ t i s i p i j i c p n p v ` f k g 7 5 l h *

P m f r f n s i c s k p m f u k s s n b n c n p ~ p m i p i h f p f (k r k n ` o i j c k sf f j k v d m h k h f j p v h n j i

s m i c ck t i j d c f f j p r ~ p k b f o k h f c k o l f ` n j p k i` f o i ~ n j d d f k o f j p r n o k r b n p - i s s v h n j d p m i pn h u i o p ` n ` j k p k o o v r k j p m f g nr sp f j o k v j (p f r . * P m n s f w f j p n s v j c n l f c ~ v j c f s s p m f n j np ni cd f k o f j p r n o w f c k o n p ~ ns b f p t f f j 9 9* 2 i j ` 2 5l h s f f (9 s k p m i p v u k j u i s s i d f p m r k v d m p m fi p h k s u m f r f # p m f h f p f k r k n ` $ s w f c k o n p ~ ` r k u sb f c k t p m f f s o i u f w f c k o n p ~ *

_ m i c c k t i j d c f f j p r ~ i c c k t s g k r i h v o md r f i p f r d r i w n p i pn k j i c s f u i r i p n k j p m i j j k r (h i c c ~ k o o v r s i p s p f f u f r i j d cf s * G n d v r f 95s m k t s p m f h i } n h v h s f u i r i pn k j b ~ d r i wn pi (p n k j i c i j ` ` r i d g k r o f s p m i p o i j k o o v r b f(p t f f j p t k h f p f k r k n ` s t n p m h i s s f s k g 9 5 >i j ` 95= l d g k r w i r n k v s f j p r ~ i j d c f s i j `w f ck o n pn f s* P m f s f p t k h i s s f s t f r f o m k s f jb f o i v s f i p i j d c f s c f s s p m i j ? 5 i o r i p f r k gk r ` f r 95z(h ` n i h f p f r i j ` k j f i b k v p m i c gp m i p s n q f t k v c ` r f s v c p # t m n o m o k r r f s u k j ` p kp m f ` n i h f p f r s f j o k v j p f r f ` n j p f r r f s p rn i co r i p f r g n f c` s * N p n s n j p f r f s p n j d p k j k p f p m i p g k rw f c k o n pn f s d r f i p f r p m i j i b k v p 2 5 l h s f f ( 9#p m f h i } n h v h s f u i r i p n k j b f p t f f j p m f s fb k ` n f s ` v f p k d r i w n p ~ i j ` ` r i d n s c f ss p m i j2 5 l h # i j ` t k v c ` b f c f ss g k r c i r d f r k b a f o p s *P m n s # p m f r f g k r f # d n w f s i j v u u f r c nh n p g k r p m fc f j d p m k g i u r k b i b c f o r i p f r g n f c` # g k r s n h n ci r (s n q f ` b k ` n f s t n p m w f c k o n p n f s d r f i p f r p m i j 2 5l h s f o ( 9* G k r n j np ni c w f c k o n p n f s b f p t f f j9 9 *2 i j ` 2 5 l h s f o (9 p m f s f u i r i p n k j o i j b fw f r ~ c i r d f - d r f i pf r p m i j 9 55 l h . i s s v h n j dp m f f j p r ~ i j d c f t i s c f s s p m i j 6 -s f f G n d *95.* K p m f r f g g f o p s k g s m i c c k t f j p r ~ n j o c v ` fp m f f c k j d i p n k j k g o r i p f r s # o m i r i o p f r n s p n of a f o p i u i p p f r j s i j ` r n o m k o m f p p n j d - D i v c p i j `T f ` f l n j ` # 9 >4 =< G v ` i c n i j ` O m i u h i j #9>46. *

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I h k ` f c gk r h f p f k r k n ` b r f i l v u i j ` g k rp m f g k r h i p n k j k g o r i p f r g nf c `s m i s b f f j u r f (s f j p f ` * G n d v r f s N N # 9 2# i j ` 9 ? s m k t p m fr f d n k j s k g f } u f o p f ` o r i p f r g nf c` g k r h i p n k jg k r w i r n k v s n j np ni c h i s s f s # w f c k o n p n f s # f j p r ~i j d c f s# i j ` s p r f j d pm s k g h f p f k r k n ` s *

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c 5= l d # r f s u f o p n w f c ~ # i s i g v j o p n k j k g w f c k o n p ~ i j ` f j p r ~ i j d c f * _ f u i r i p n k j t i s i s s v h f ` p k m i w fk o o v r r f ` i b k w f 4 5 l h i c p n p v ` f * P m f s f u i r i p n k j u r f s f j p f ` m f r f n s k j c ~ ` v f p k pm f f g g f o p k g d r i w n p ~ k j p m f` n g g fr f j p ni c c ~ ` f o f c f r i p f ` h f p f k r k n ` s *

c i r d f s p o r i p f r n j i d n w f j g nf c` m i s i ` n i h f p f rc i r d f r p m i j p m f s f u i r i p n k j s i o m n f w f ` b ~ p m fg r i d h f j p s * P m f rf d nk j k g " p k p i c k w f r c i u " nst m f r f p m f s f u i r i p n k j b f p t f f j p m f c i r d f spg r i d h f j p s n s k g p m f s i h f k r ` f r k g h i d j n p v ` fi s pm f ` n i h f p f r s k g p m f g r i d h f j p s p m f h (s f c w f s* P m f r f d n k j k g " s k h f k w f r c i u " nst m f r f p m f ci r d f sp g r i d h f j p s u r k ` v o f o r i (p f r s t n p m ` n i h f p f r s c i r d f r p m i j p m f n r r f s u f o (p n w f s f u i r i p n k j s # b v p t m f r f p m f s h i c c f s po r i p f r s u r k ` v o f ` i r f j k p k w f r c i u u nj d * N jp mf r f d nk j k g " j k k w f r c i u # " p m f ` n i h f p f r sk g p m f o ri p f r s u r k ` v o f ` i r f h v o m s h i c c f rp m i j p m f s f u i r i p n k j s b f p t f f j g r i d h f j p s *P m f r f i c s k f } n s p s i r f d n k j g k r t m n o m p m fh f p f k r k n ` ` k f s j k p s v rw n w f i p h k s u m f r n oi b c i p n k j *

P m f r f d n k j s s m k t j i r f ` f r n w f ` g r k h j v (h f r n o i c h k ` f c n j d k g p m f b r f i l v u i j ` p ri a fo (p k r ~ k g i h f p f k r k n ` * D r i w n p ~ # ` r i d # i j ` b k ts m k o l n j p f r i o p n k j g k r o f s i r f n j o c v ` f ` n j pm fo k h u v p i p n k j s * P m f f g g f o p ` v f p k i s u n j j n j du i r f j p b k ` ~ n s r k v d m c ~ o k h u i r i b c f p k p m i p` v f p k b k t s m k o l n j p f r i o p n k j *

G n d v r f 99 s m k t s p m f s f q k j f s g k r i j f j p r ~i j d c f k g ? 5 i j ` i b r f i l v u s p r f j d p m k g 6 95= J h ( 2 - r f g f r p k G n d * = g k r p m f i c p n p v ` f k gb r f i l v u g k r p m f w i r n k v s w f c k o n pn f s . * G k r pm n s

o i s f # p k p i c k w f r ci u k g o r i pf r s k o o v r s t m f jp m f c i r d f s p o r i p f r n j p m f g n f c ` n s i u u r k } n (h i p f c ~ 0 5 5 h n j ` n i h f p f r * P m f ` k p p f ` c n j f sr f u r f s f j p p m f ` n i h f p f r - nj h f p f r s . k g io r i p f r u r k ` v o f ` b ~ i g r i d h f j p t n p m ijn j np ni c h i s s k g k j f ( m i c g pm f h i s s k g pm fh f p f k r k n ` i p pm f p n h f k g b r f i l v u * P m n s #p m f j # o i j k j c ~ b f v s f ` i s i d v n` f g k r pm fi u u r k } n h i p f ` n i h f p f r k g pm f c i r d f s p o r i p f rn j i d n w f j o r i p f r g n fc ` * B i c ` t n j i j ` _ m f i g (g f r -9 >4 9 . o k j o c v ` f g r k h p m f n r n j w f s p n d i p nk jp m i p k b a f o p s k g h i s s c f ss p m i j c5 = l d t n p mn j n p ni c w f c k o n p n f s k g 4 5 l h s f o (9 t n c c j k ps v r w n w f i b c i pn k j * P m f h v o m s h i c c f r s v rw n w (n j d h i s s f s n j ` n o i p f ` k j p m n s g nd v rf h i ~ b f` v f p k p m f o m k n o f k g O M# p m f f g g f o p s k gb r f i l v u # k r pk p m f c k t f r f j p r ~ i j d c f v s f `m f r f *

G n d v r f 92 s m k t s p m f q k j f s g k r i j f j p r ~i j d c f k g 96 i j ` i b r f i l v u s p r f j d p m k g 6 95= J h (z * M f r f # ` v f p k p m f c k j d f r i p h k (s u m f r n o i b c i p n k j p n h f # p m f o r i p f r ` n i h f p f r si r f s h i c c f r p m i j s m k t j k j G n d* c c g k rh f p f k r k n ` s k g p m f s i h f n jn pn ic h i s s f s i j `w f c k o n p nf s * P m f f g g f o p k g s m i c c k t f r n h u i o pi j d c f s n s i c s k p i l f j n j p k i o o k v j p g k r p m fo r i p f r ` ni h f p f r s s m k t j *

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GND* 99* @nidrih smkt njd pmf qkj fs kg o ri pfr g n f c`gkrhip nkj kr bvrjvu gkr hfpfkrk n`s tn pm i ~ nf c`sprfjd pm -l. kg 6 95= J h (2 ij` i j fj pr~ i jdcf -55 kg?5 tn pm rfsu fop pk pmf mkr nqkj pi c * Pmf `k p pf` okjpkvrsn j ` n oi pf p m f ` n ih f p f r - nj h f p f r s. k g i o r i p f r u rk ` v of`b~ i g ridhfjp tn pm ij nj n pn i c hi ss k g kjf(mi c g pmf hissk g p m f h f p fk rk n ` i p p m f p n h f k g b rfil v u * P m n s s m k v c`kjc~ bf vsf` is i dv n`f gkr pmf iuurk}nhipf ` nihfpfrkg pmf c ird fs p ori pfr nj i d nwfj ori pfr g nf c` *

i j f j p r ~ i j d c f k g 9 6 i j ` i b r f i l v u s p r f j d p mk g 9 } 954 J h ( 2 * I c p m k v d m G n d * = s m k t sp m i p g k r p m ns s p r f j d p m # b r f i l v u t k v c ` k o o v rg k r i j ~ n j n p n i c w f c k o n p ~ b f p t f f j c 5 i j ` 4 5l h s f o (z # p m f s h i c c q k j f k g j k b r f i l v u- 9 5 2 (9 5 z l d i j ` 9 5 ( 2 5 l h s f o ( 5 k o o v r sb f o i v s f p m f s f r f c i p n w f c ~ sh i c c h i s s f s i r f` f o f c f r i p f ` b f c k t p m f w f c k o n p~ j f f ` f ` g k rb r f i l v u p k k o o v r i p c k t f r i c p n p v ` f s *

P m f c i r d f s p o r i p f r n j i s p r f t j g n f c ` n su r f ` n o p f ` pk m i w f i ` n i h f p f r b f p t f f j 9 55i j ` N 5 5 5 h i j ` p m n s n s o k h u i r i b c f t n p m p m fc i r d f s p o r i p f r s n j p f r r f s p r n i c o r i p f r g n f c ` s *

P m f c i r d f s p v j o f r p i n j p ~ n j p m f j v h f r n o i ch k ` f c n j d n s n j p m f i c p n p v ` f k g b r f i l v u #t m n o m n s r f c i p f ` p k p m f ~ n f c ` s p r f j d p m k g p m fh f p f k r k n ` * _ n j o f pm f o r k s s ( r i j d f t n ` p m k g id n w f j o r i p f r g nf c ` ` f u f j ` s u r n h i r n c ~ v u k jp m f b r f i l v u i c p n p v ` f i j ` p m f ` k t j r i j d fc f j d p m n s r f c i p f ` p k p m f i j d c f k g f j p r ~ # n p n s

u k s s n b c f p k i u u r k } n h i p f c ~ ` f r n w f p m f s f u i (r i h f p f r s g r k h p m f p f r r f s p r n i c o r i p f r g n f c ` s- r f g f r p k P i b c f W N N N . *

G n d v r f 90 s m k t s i ` n s p i j o f w s ck d ` n i h f (p f r u c k p gk r p f r r f s p r n i c i j ` o k h u v p f r ( d f j f r (i p f ` o r i p f r g n f c ` s * P m f c nj f s g k r p m f p f r r f s (p r n i c o r i p f r g n f c` s -G n d * 9 0 I . r f u r f s f j p ic f i s p ( s y v i r f s g np k g p m f c k d ` n i h f p f r w s p m fo f j p f r ( p k ( o f j p f r ` n s p i j o f g r k h p m f c i r d f s po r i p f r n j pm i p o r i p f r g nf c ` *

N j p m f g k c c k t n j d f s p n h i p f s k g f j p r ~ i j d c fi j ` i c p n pv ` f k g b r f i l v u g k r p m f l j k t j o r i (p f r g n f c ` s # p m f n j n p n i c w f c k o n p n f s t f r f i s (s v h f ` p k b f b f p t f f j 9 9*2 i j ` ? 5 l h s f o ( C

N J P F R U R F P I P N K J K G P F R R F _ P R N I CO R I P F R G N F C @O i h u k ` f c O n f ck

P m f f } p r f h f r f c i p n w f ` n h f j s n k j s k g p m nso r i p f r g nf c ` k g 2 5 } 0 l h s v d d f s p s p m i p p m ff j p r ~ i j d c f t i s n j n p n i c c~ c f s s p m i j 9 5 i j `p m i p b r f i l v u k o o v r r f ` i p c f i s p i s m nd m i s 96l h i c p n p v ` f * R f j i r ` i j ` O i s s n ` ~ - 9 > 4 9 .m i w f s v d d f s p f ` p m i p b r f i l v u k o o v r r f ` i p 0 7l h * P m n s u k s s n b n c n p ~ r f y v n r f s p m i p p m f n j n p n i cf j p r ~ i j d c f t i s c f s s p m i j i b k v p 7 p k u r k (

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ibkvp 9?55 h -ofjpfr(pk(ofjpfr `nspijof.oijjkp bf f}ucinjf` b~ `rid ij` driwnp~ickjf* Mktfwfr# i prijswfrsf wfckonp~ nh(uirpf` b~ pmf njpfriopnkj kg pmf bkt smkolsgkr ptk hfpfk rkn`s tmks f ripnk kg ri`nn ns917 -issvhnjd oripfr `nihfpfrs soicf cnj(firc~ tnpm pmf `nihfpfrs kg pmf nhuiopnjdhfpfkrnpfs. ~nfc`s pmf kbsfrwf` sfuiripnkj#issvhnjd pmip pmf fjpr~ ijdcf tis cfss pmij96 ij` pmip brfilvu koovrrf` jfir 96 lh*I 96 njocnjipnkj ns jfofssir~ pk iccktfjkvdm pnhf gkr pmf kbsfrwf` sfuiripnkjij` mis jkpmnjd pk `k tnpm pmf hkrumkckd~kg pmf oripfrs*H i v r n p i j n i j O r i p f rs

Pmf jvhfrnoic hk`fcnjd svddfsps pmip npns mndmc~ vjcnlfc~ pmip pmfsf pmrff oripfrsirf pmf urk`vops kg pmf iphksumfrnobrfil vu k g i snjdcf cirdf hfpfkrkn`* Pkiomnfwf pmf kbsfrwf ` sfuiripnkjs kg jfirc~755 lh# pmf brfilvu hvsp miwf koo vrrf` ipij icpnpv`f drfipfr pmij 65 lh# fjpr~ wfcko(np~ tis b fpt ffj 99*2 ij` 96 lh sfo (9# ij`pmf fjpr~ ijdcf tis cfss pmij 6 *

H k r i s l kPmfrf ns i ukkr okrrfcipnkj bfptffj pmf

`nspijof ij` oripfr `nihfpfrs gkr pmns oripfrgnfc`* Icsk# pmf oripfr gnfc` iuufirs pk bf istn`f is np ns ckjd -rfgfr pk Gnd* 0.* Pmns`nsprnbvpnkj kg oripfrs okvc` bf pmf rfsvcp kgij fjpr~ ijdcf bfptffj ?5 ij` 75 tmfrfhksp kg pmf sfuiripnkj bfptff j oripfrs ns`vf pk bkt smkol njpfriopnkj ripmfr pmij`nggfrfjpnic `rid ij` driwnp~* I brfilvuicpnpv`f k g bfp tff j 95 ij` 25 lh ns iukssnbncnp~*

K ` f s s iPmf jirrkt orkss(rijdf surfi` nj pmnsoripfr gnfc` kg 5*5> lh svddfsps i brfi lvu ip

fnpmfr bfckt 6 kr ibkwf 65 lh* Gkr ibrfilvu bfckt 6 lh# pmf fjpr~ ijdcf tkvc`bf rfcipnwfc~ smicckt -95(25.# ij` gkr ibrfilvu ip ibkvp 65 lh# pmf fjpr~ ijdcftkvc` bf spffufr -?6(66.*_ n l m k p f ( I c n j

Pmf tn`pm kg pmns o ripfr gnfc` ns ibkvp 5*>lh ij` svddfsps i brfilvu koovrrf` ibkwf05 lh gkr pmf rijdf nj oripfr snqfs gkvj`mfrf* Pk iomnfwf pmf `ktjrijdf surfi`# ijnjnpnic fjpr ~ ijdcf k g cfss pmij 25 ns rf(yvnrf`* Pmf nhuiop ijdcf mis bffj fspn(hipf` ip ?5 -Lrnjkw# 9>77.* Lrnjkw -9>40.mis n`fjpngnf` pmrff hinj spidfs k g gridhfj(pipnkj kg pmf hfpfkrk n` b~ spv`~njd pmfhfpfkrnpf gridhfjps ij` pmf kwfrciuunjdsoippfr fccnusfs* Mf spipfs pmip pmf gnrsp spidfkoovrrf` ip i mndm icpnpv`f# rfsvcpnjd nj pmfhinj soippfr fccnusf# ij` tis gkccktf` b~ptk kpmfr spidfs is pmf hfpfkrkn` iu(urkiomf` pmf svrgiof# tmnom rfsvcpf` njsoippfr fccnusfs shiccfr pmij pmf hinj soip(pfr fccnusf*

Pmf soippf r kg uknjps tnpm i `fgnjnpf vuufrbk vj` ir~ nj Gnd* 97 svuu krp pmf n`fi kg ihvcpnucf brfilvu*T i b i r

Pmf `nhfjsnk js kg pmns oripfr gnfc` oij bfiomnfwf` b~ i brfilvu bfptffj 95 ij` ?5


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O R I P F R G N F C @ G K R H I P N K J 2 ? 9l h t n p m i j f j p r ~ i j d c f k g 96 i j ` ? 5 t n p mr f s u f o p p k p m f m k r n q k j p i c *

O K J O C V _ N K J _ I J @ _ V H H I R ^J v h f r n o i c h k ` f c n j d k g p m f u m ~ s n o s k g i

h f p f k r k n ` p r i a f o p k r ~ i j ` b r f i l v u n j pm fi p h k s u m f r f ~ n f c ` s s f w f r i c j f t n j s n d m ps n j pkp m f u i r i h f p f r s o k j p r k c c n j d p m f s f u r k o f s s f s *N p t i s g k v j ` p m i p f j p r ~ i j d c f s c f s s p m i j ? 5 i r f p m f h k s p f g g f o p n w f gk r p m f u r k ` v o p n k j k go r i p f r g n f c` s * D f j f r i c c ~ # p m f c i r d f s p o r i p f rf } u f o p f ` n j i j ~ o r i p f r g n f c ` s m k v c ` b f b f (p t f f j 9 55 i j ` 4 6 5 h n j ` n i h f p f r * G k r c i r d f ro r i p f r s # p m f g r i d h f j p s g i c c s k o c k s f p k d f p m f rp m i p p m f o r i p f r i u u f i r s p k m i w f b f f j h i ` fb ~ i s nj d cf v j g r i d h f j p f ` k b a f o p *N r k j h f p f k r k n ` s t n p m n j n p n i c h i s s f s r i j d (n j d g r k h 9 5 z p k 9 5 c l d i r f p m f h k s p c n l f c ~ p ku r k ` v o f o r i p f r g n f c ` s * P m f p f r r f s p r n i c o r i p f rg nf c` s p m i p i r f ` n s o v s s f ` i r f u r k b i b c ~ p m fr f s v c p k g p m f b r f i l v u k g c i rd f h f p f k r k n ` st m k s f n j n p n i c h i s s f s r i j d f ` g r k h 9 5 r p k 95>l d - t n p m p m f f } o f u p n k j k g O c f i r t i p f rC i l f s . *

P m f o r k s s ( r i j d f s u r f i ` n j l j k t j o r i p f rg nf c ` s n s u r k b i b c ~ u r k ` v o f ` b ~ p m f n j p f r i o (

p n k j k g b k t s m k o l s k g p m f n j ` n w n ` v i c h f p f (k r k n ` g r i d h f j p s i g p f r b r f i l v u b v p h i ~ i c s kb f ` v f p k i o k h b n j i p n k j k g o f j p r n u f p i c s f u i (r i p n k j g r k h i r k p i p nj d h f p f k r k n ` i j ` i` ~ j i h n o i c p r i j s w f r s f s f u i r i p n k j k g g ri d (h f j p s r f s v c p n j d g r k h p m f o r v s m n j d b r f i l v uk g p m f b k ` ~ * P m f b k t s m k o l n j p f r i o p n k ji c c k t s g k r i h i } n h v h o r k s s ( r i j d f s f u i r i (p n k j g k r i b r f i l v u i p i u u r k } n h i p f c ~ 96 l hi c p n p v ` f *

I c n g p ( p k ( ` r i d r i p n k k g 95 ( ? k r c f s s t i sf s p n h i p f ` k j p m f b i s n s k g p m f k b s f r w f `d r i w n p ~ ( ` k h n j i p f ` s f u i r i p n k j k g h f p f k r n p fg r i d h f j p s n j s p r f t j g n f c ` s * C n g p n s u r k b i (b c ~ k j c ~ n h u k r p i j p g k r h f p f k r k n ` s t n p mh i s s f s c f s s p m i j 952 l d # k r f } p r f h f c ~s m i c c k t i j d c f s k g f j p r ~ - c f ss p m i j = . *

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melosh - effects atmos breakup crater field form

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