membrane technology: the future of deaeration of …

MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY: THE FUTURE OF DEAERATION OF INJECTION WATER Paul Peterson| Business Development Manager Industrial Business Group | Membranes Business Unit

Friday, February 5, 16 The Produced Water Society Seminar 2016 © 3M 2016

OUTLINE • What is a Membrane Contactor • How does it work •  Features & Benefits • Application: Injection Water Deoxygenation • Economic Comparisons w/ Vacuum Tower • Oil & Gas Applications Update • Next Steps

Friday, February 5, 16 The Produced Water Society Seminar 2016 © 3M 2016 2

3M Membrane Business Unit


What is a Membrane Contactor? •  Liqui-Cel® Membrane Contactors Bring Immiscible

Phases in Contact Without Dispersion •  Gas Stripping •  Gas Absorption •  Liquid-Liquid Extraction

•  Liqui-Cel® Membrane Contactors are Made From: •  Microporous Non-Selective Polypropylene Hollow Fiber Membranes •  Asymmetric Gas Permeable PMP Hollow Fiber Membrane

•  Liqui-Cel® Membrane Contactors are not used to: •  Filter Water or Other Liquids •  Separate Gases (like CO2 from natural gas)


DISSOLVED GASES/HENRY’S LAW

•  Gas in contact with water will dissolve into water •  Solubility is governed by Henry’s Law

•  Pi = Hi xi, where Pi is partial pressure of species ‘i’, Hi is Henry Coefficient, xi is dissolved gas concentration

Air-saturated water: Dissolved oxygen ~ 8 ppmw (~mg/L) Dissolved nitrogen ~14 ppmw (~mg/L)

Air at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature

Chemistry 101


What is a Hollow Fiber Membrane?


Each fiber variant has attributes more suited for certain applications

- Polypropylene X40: O2 Removal - Polypropylene X50: CO2 Removal - Polyolefin: Low Surface Tension

Liquid Degassing

PRINCIPLES OF GAS TRANSFER m  Gases in the atmosphere

dissolve into water until equilibrium is reached

m  Equilibrium between the liquid and gas phase is CHANGED when a vacuum and/or source of Sweep gas is applied

m  This creates a driving force to move gasses from the liquid phase into the gas phase

How Does a Membrane Contactor Operate?


EXTRA-FLOW MEMBRANE CONTACTOR


OPERATING MODES

Sweep Gas

Sweep Gas Mode Water Outlet

Water Inlet

To Vacuum

Water Outlet

Water Inlet

Sweep Gas

Combo Mode

Vent

•  By changing the partial pressure of the gas we can either remove gas from or dissolve gas into water.

•  Increase the partial pressure and gas will dissolve into the water

•  Lower the partial pressure and gas will be removed from the water

Water Outlet

Vacuum Mode

Water Inlet

To Vacuum Pump

* CO2 Removal

Blower Mode

Blower in Suction Mode*

Water Outlet

Water Inlet

Ambient air


SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Liquid Inlet

Parallel Configuration for Flow

Liquid Outlet

Liquid Outlet

Liquid Inlet

Series Configuration for Efficiency


0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

99.0% 99.5% 99.9% 99.95% 99.99% 99.995% 99.999%

Theo

retic

al m

inim

um D

O, p

pb

Sweep N2 purity, %

Effect of sweep N2 purity on minimum achievable DO outlet level

50 torr

150 torr

760 torr

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE LIMITS ON THE BASIS OF OPERATING VARIABLES

Temperature: 25 C


Theoretically minimum achievable Oxygen levels in vacuum-only mode


LIQUI-CEL® MEMBRANE CONTACTORS


LIQUI-CEL® INSTALLATION HISTORY • Proven in the Field with >300 Installations from

1996 •  Met uptime requirements for semiconductor plants •  Average System Flow rate: 400 m3/h •  Design Oxygen outlet levels from < 1 ppb to 50 ppb •  Maximum Flow System: 2100 m3/h

•  20 systems > 1000m3/hr •  55+ systems > 500 m3/h

MDA is not a new technology – it is only being applied into a new Market


Typical Installations


Placement of MDA


The preferred placement of the MDA is downstream of: 1.  Reverse Osmosis RO

2.  Sulfate Removal Unit (SRU)

3.  MF/UF

4.  Cartridge Filtration - 5 um ABS beta 1000+

Main reason for this ranking is the fouling probability increases as the water quality decreases.

Mitigation of MDA Fouling


The placement of the MDA will affect its fouling and subsequent cleaning frequency.

•  Fouling (biological, mineral scale) is mitigated using typical CIP procedures. Oxygen performance is key parameter to begin CIP cycle. Pressure drop secondary

•  Particulate fouling can be mitigated by using high quality 5 um Absolute rated filters.

More data is needed on fouling during seasonal water quality changes

Product For Offshore: 8x80 Contactor

FRP Vessel Code Rated •  ASME BPVC Section X


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Vacuum Tower Deaeration (80k BPD)

Courtesy of

Friday, February 5, 16 The Produced Water Society Seminar 2016

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Membrane DA Vacuum Tower Membrane DA Vacuum Tower Membrane DA Vacuum Tower 30,000 bpd 125,000 bpd 250,000 bpd

Dry Weight (MT) 23.5 61.8 41.4 121.0 63.0 197.3 Operating Weight (MT) 33.0 80.9 56.4 164.7 79.8 269.9

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

Wei

ght (

Met

ric T

ons)

Membrane Deaeration vs. Vacuum Tower Weight

Note:Weightisthetotalinstalledweightofthemodule/skid.Courtesy of


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Membrane DA

Vacuum Tower

Membrane DA

Vacuum Tower

Membrane DA

Vacuum Tower

30,000 bpd 125,000 bpd 250,000 bpd Footprint (m2) 51.9 34 60.7 68.3 81 87.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Foot

prin

t (m

2)

MEMBRANE DEAERATION VS. VACUUM TOWER FOOTPRINT

Courtesy of


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Membrane DA Vacuum Tower Membrane DA Vacuum Tower Membrane DA Vacuum Tower 30,000 bpd 125,000 bpd 250,000 bpd

Volume (m3) 380.3 543.5 445.7 1160.3 595.1 1579.5

0.0

200.0

400.0

600.0

800.0

1000.0

1200.0

1400.0

1600.0

1800.0

Volu

me

(m3)

Note:Volumereferstototalspaceconsumedbytheskid.

Membrane Deaeration vs. Vacuum Tower Volume C

ourtesy of


Membrane Deaeration Vs. Vacuum Tower CAPEX/OPEX

Friday, February 5, 16 The Produced Water Society Seminar 2016 23

VACUUMTOWERVS.MEMBRANEDEAERATIONSIDE-BY-SIDECOMPARISON

PARAMETER VACUUMTOWER MEMBRANEDEAERATION

VacuumPackage Approx.15mmHg(a)vacuumpressure.Requireslargepumpsandejectors.HighpowerconsumpHon.

50mmHg(a)vacuumpressure.Smallerpumpsandnoejectorsrequired.LeadstoCAPEX&OPEXsavings.

MechanicalOxygenRemovalPerformance 50–100ppb <10ppb

ChemicalOxygenScavenger Requiredduetopoormechanicaloxygenremovalperformance. Notrequired.LeadstoCAPEX&OPEXsavings.

AnF-FoamChemical RequiredinjecHonattowerinlet.HazardouschemicalcreatesHSEissues.

Notrequired.LeadstoCAPEX&OPEXsavingsandlessHSEhazards.

Size&Weight LargetowerrequireshigherstructuralexpenseandinstallaHoncost.

Smaller,moreefficientdesignleadstodeliveryandinstallaHoncostsavings.

BiocideChemical MulHplebiocidesrequiredtocontrolgrowthintowerinternals.

Ifnecessary,asinglebiocidecanbeused.LeadstoCAPEX&OPEXsavings.

InjecFonBoosterPumps RequiredduetolowpressureoperaHonofvacuumtower. CanbeeliminatedinmostconfiguraHons.

LifeCycleConsumables Noreplacementofinternalsrequired.HighchemicalconsumpHoncost.

Membranereplacementrequiredonceevery5years.Canbelessfrequentdependingonfeedwaterquality.

TechnologyReadiness Fieldprovenformanyyears. Pilotedonseawaterandfieldproveninonshore,industrialapplicaHons.

Membrane deaeration provides value through approximately 20% reduction in CAPEX & OPEX.

Courtesy of

Progress Update • When will it happen? o  2016

o  North Sea Platform – RO Water deoxygenation for Crude oil washing

o  2017 o  North Sea Platform - RO Water deoxygenation for Crude oil washing o  North Sea Platform - RO Water deoxygenation for Crude oil washing

o  GOM Platform – Water deoxygenation (not injection water)

o  2020+ o  Full Scale Water Injection System –180,000 BWPD system


Next Steps Seawater Pilot studies are essential to moving forward

o  Three Major Operating Companies have been involved in various pilot trials during past 4 years to validate performance in seawater. All are moving forward in their next steps of evaluation.

o  A long term (+6 months) pilot study to assess operational life is planned for 2016. This will assess seasonal ocean changes and the impact on pre-treatment.


Acknowledgement: Thank you to Water Standard for the comparison data on vacuum towers and MDA systems


CONCLUSIONS •  MDA is a viable alternative to vacuum towers for offshore use •  Weight savings of 50+ % vs. vacuum towers •  Capital and Operating Costs are favorable vs. Vacuum Towers •  Further studies on pre-treatment options to be determined

membrane technology: the future of deaeration of …

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