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PRESENTATION BY:SIMRANTRAINEE AT CDACELCTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

MEMORY CARDSA memory card or flash card is an electronic flash memory ,data storage device used for storing digital information. They are small, re-recordable, and able to store digital data.

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SPEED:AN IMPORTANT FEATURE OF CARDS

READ / WRITE SPEEDThe Read speed is how long it takes to read something from t

he memory card.

The write speed is how long it takes to save something on to the memory card, or how long it takes the camera to save the picture to the card.

Read and Write speeds are important because it determines ho

w fast pictures are taken from and put on the memory card, which affects how quickly you can take the next photo.

• Speed rating maximum transfer speed for reading and writing images to and from a memory card, expressed as megabytes per second.

• Class ratings the minimum sustained(constant) speed required for recording an even rate of video onto the card like SD cards

Class Minimum Speed

2 2MB/s

4 4MB/s

6 6MB/s

8 8MB/s

10 10MB/s

UHS Speed Class is designed for SDHC and SDXC memory cards .

• UHS(ultra high speed) memory cards have a full higher potential of recording real time broadcasts, capturing large-size HD videos and extremely high quality professional HD.

• UHS-1 provides a maximum speed of 104MB/S.

• UHS-1 is used in various applications.

UHS Class Minimum Speed

I 10MB/s

CARD FAMILIES

• CompactFlash• SmartMedia• MultiMediaCard• Secure Digital(SD)• Memory Stick• XQD• Xd• USB flash drive 05/03/23 6

1. CompactFlash • CompactFlash (CF) is a mass storage device format us

ed in portable electronic devices

• • In 2008, a variant of CompactFlash known as CFast was announced. CFast is based on the SATA (serial advanced technology attachment) bus rather than the Parallel ATA bus, used by the original CompactFlash.

• In November 2010, Sandisk, Sony and Nikon proposed a next generation card format to the CompactFlash Association which would come in a similar form factor as CF/CFast but be based on PCI Express instead of Parallel ATA or SATA

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• CompactFlash was originally built around Intel's NOR-based flash memory, but has switched to NAND technology.

• • Maximum read and write capacity of compact flash is 160 MB/SEC

• CFast supports a higher maximum transfer rate than current CompactFlash cards. As of 2011, SATA supports transfer rates up to 600 MByte/s while PATA is limited to 160 MByte/s using UDMA 7.

• SanDisk

Serial ATA• Serial ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) (SATA) is a computer

bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives.

Revisions:• SATA revision 1.0 - 1.5 Gbit/s - 150 MB/s Taking 8b/10b encoding

overhead into account, they have an actual uncoded transfer rate of 1.2 Gbit/s (150 MB/s).

• SATA revision 2.0 - 3 Gbit/s - 300 MB/s Second generation SATA interfaces run with a native transfer rate of 3.0 Gbit/s, and taking 8b/10b encoding into account, the maximum uncoded transfer rate is 2.4 Gbit/s (300 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of SATA 3.0 Gbit/s is double that of SATA revision 1.0.

• SATA revision 3.0 - 6 Gbit/s - 600 MB/s SATA-3 is the interface used by CFast 2.0, which is touted as having a top speed of 600MBps .The theoretical burst throughput of SATA 6.0 Gbit/s is double that of SATA revision 2.0

Why Evolve CF from PATA to SATA?

• It was a faster alternative to the venerable parallel version, it was more expensive due to the relative low unit volume.

• The older Parallel ATA (PATA) was well known and adhered to the strict cost management dictates of the disk-drive business and their customers.

• PATA Work out at 133MB/second throughput, while SATA offered 150MB/sec and 300MB/sec.

• Other benefits include:1. Intelligent power management for lower power consumption2. SATA’s existing infrastructure3. Higher performance serial interface for faster data transfer

KINGSTON COMPACT FLASH ULTIMATE 600X MEMORY

CARDSF EATURES/ B E N E F I TS>>Standardized — complies with CompactFlash Associationspecification standards>>Guaranteed — lifetime warranty, free technical support>>Economical — autosleep mode preserves system battery life

SP E C I F I CAT I O NS>>Capacities* 16GB, 32GB>>Dimensions 1.43" x 1.68" x 0.13"(36.4mm x 42.8mm x 3.3mm) – CF Type I>>Speed Rating** 600x = up to 90 MB/sec. read, 90 MB/sec. write>>Operating Temperature 32°F to 140°F (0°C to 60°C)

SanDisk Extreme PRO CompactFlash Memory Card• Performance/speed: 16 GB – 128 GB: Up to 160MB/s Read (1

067X), 150MB/s Write (1000X), 256 GB: Up to 160MB/s Read (1067X), 140MB Write (933X)

• Card dimension: 1.7" x 1.4" x 0.13" (43 mm x 36 mm x 3.3 mm)

• Operating temperature: -13ºF to 185ºF (-25ºC to 85 ºC)• Compatibility: Compatible with CompactFlash supporting host

devices• Video Performance Guarantee (VPG) enabled• Applications: Store a variety of digital formats, including RAW

and JPEG photos, Full HD videos, music and more• Support: Lifetime limited warranty

Video Performance Guarantee (VPG)Ultra direct memory access(UDMA)

SanDisk launches “world’s fastest memory card” with CFast 2.0(The SanDisk Extreme Pro CFast 2.0 memory card).Capacities: 60GB, 120GB** Performance**: 120GB: up to 450MB/s Read, up to 350MB/s Write 60GB: up to 450MB/s Read, up to 225MB/s Write Card dimension: 1.7" x 1.4" x 0.13" (43 mm x 36 mm x 3.3 mm) Tested Under Extreme Temperature Conditions (-5°C to 70°C, 23°F to 158°F)

CAPACITY

50 PIN CONNECTOR

TRANSFER SPEED

SD UDMA

TRANSFER SPEED

CLASSLOCK

4. Secure DigitalSDcards stand for secure digital cards

The four families are the original Standard-Capacity (SDSC), the High-Capacity (SDHC), the eXtended-Capacity (SDXC).

• Capacity• SDSC (SD): 1 MB to 2 GB, some 4 GB available.

SDHC: 4 GB to 32 GBSDXC: ≥32 GB to 2 TB

• Panasonic , SanDisk • Toshiba , Kodak

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i. SDSC(STANDARD) • SD Memory Card• First type of secure digital memory car

ds.• Released in 1999.• Provides up to 2GB of storage.

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ii. SDHC(HIGH CAPACITY)

• SDHC Memory Card• Second type of secure digital memory

cards - HC meaning high capacity• Released in 2006• Provides up to 32GB of storage• Offers increased speeds

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iii. SDXC(EXTENDED)• SDXC Memory Card• SDXC Card• Third iteration of secure digital

memory cards - XC meaning eXtended capacity

• Released in 2009• Provides up to 2TB of storage

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2. Capacity

SD Memory Cards are divided by capacity into three types, which are the SD, SDHC, and the SDXC Memory Cards.

Combinations of cards and compatible devices are shown below.

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* Confirm the capacity of the memory card that is compatible with your device.

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COMPATIBILITY OF VARIOUS SD CARDS

SDHC applications

3. Speed

The speed classes set by the SD Association are guidelines for speed performance. SD cards compatible with UHS-I interface, the new specification high-speed interface, are also available.

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SPEED CLASS RATINGS

Class Minimum performance

Application

Class 2 2 MB/s

Class 4 4 MB/s High-definition video (HD) recording including Full HD

Class 6 6 MB/s

Class 10 10 MB/s Full HD video recording and consecutive recording of HD stills (high-speed data bus)

UHS Class 1 (U1)

>10 MB/s Real-time broadcasts and large HD video files (UHS bus)

UHS Class 3

>30 MB/s 4K video files (UHS bus)

CARDS - WHAT IS UHS-1 ?"UHS-I" stands for "Ultra High Speed" - 1

and is a speed class for SDHC and SXDC memory cards.

UHS-I is the fastest category of card available today with a bus interface speed of up to 104 MB/s.

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This is the SDHC UHS-I Class 1 logo.

This is the SDXC UHS-I Class 1 logo.

Even Faster A faster SD interface and high-speed flash memory control technology ensure write speeds up to 104MB/s and read speeds up to 104MB/s.

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SD CARDSThe SD Card electrical interface is relatively simple, supporting data rates in the MBps range. Compared to USB and CF, the SD physical interface is very simple, a strong consideration if interface complexity is a concern.

SanDisk Extreme Pro® SDHC™OR SDXC UHS-I Memory Card Available capacities: 8GB**, 16GB, 32GB, 64GB, Performance/speed: Up to 95MB/s** read speed; up to

90MB/s** write speed Card dimension: 0.94" x 1.25" x 0.08" (24 mm x 32 mm

x 2.1 mm) Operating temperature: -13ºF to 185ºF (-25ºC to 85

ºC) Compatibility: For SDHC (8-32GB) cards: Compatible

with all SDHC/SDXC For SDXC (64GB) cards: Compatible with SDXC and

SDXC-I (UHS-I) enabled host devices. Applications: Store a variety of digital formats, including

Raw and JPEG photos, Full HD videos, music and more

One disadvantage of the XQD card is that there are only one or two manufacturers at present. That's probably why the whole camera isn't XQD slots. WE expect the number of manufacturers to grow, but it might take some time. These cards are very expensive, than other cards.

SSR NO. NAME CAPACITY

(GB)MAXIMUM SPEED(MB/S)

VARIOUS PRODUCTS WITH SPEEDS(MB/S)

COST

1. COMPACT FLASH

16GB32GB

160

KINGSTON 600X= 90MB/SSANDISK EXTREME= 160 MB/S

Rs.1150

2. CFAST 120GB 600

SANDISK CF2.0= (450MB/S READ ,350MB/S WRITE)

$1,809

3. SDSC 1GB-2GB 6 Rs.374

4. SDHC 4GB-32GB90 READ95 WRITE

SANDISK EXTREME PRO=90 READ,95 WRITE

Rs.250

5. SDXC >=32GB TO 2TB

90 read95 write Rs.3649

8. XQD CARD >2TB168 READ168 WRITE

Rs.25,628

COMPARISION OF VARIOUS CARDS

S.NO NAME OF THE CARD CAPACITY

RATE OF READING THE CARD IN MB/S

RATE OF WRITING THE CARD IN MB/S

OPERATING VOLTAGE IN VOLTS

SIZE(mm*mm*mm)(length*width*height)

1. SDSCUPTO 2GB

6 6 3.3 24*32*2.1

2. SDHC 2GB-32GB 90 95 1.8-3.6 24*32*2.1

5. SDXCUPTO

2TB90 95 2.7-3.6 24*32*2.1

7.

COMPACT FLASH CARDS(both type I and type II)

128 GB 160 160 3.3 -5

43*36*3.3(typeI)43*36*5(TYPE II)

8. XQD CARD >2TB 168 168 5 38.5*29.8*3.8

COST OF MEMORY CARDS BASED UPON THEIR

CAPACITYS.NO GROUP CAPACITY1. A 2GB

2. B 4GB

3. C 8GB

4. D 64GB

5. E 32GB

S.NO NAME OF CARD GROUP COST MANUFACTURER

COST PER GB

1. SD CARD( NORMAL) A Rs.374 SANDISK 187

2. MICRO SD CARD A Rs.347 SANDISK 173.5

3. SDHC B Rs.250 SANDISK 62.5

4. MICRO SDHC B Rs.273 SANDISK 68.25

5. COMPACT FLASH B Rs.1150 SANDISK 287.5

6. MEMORY STICK PRO DUO B Rs.1418 SONY 354.5

7. MEMORY STICK MICRO(M2) C Rs.2936 SONY 367

8. MEMORY STICK PRO DUO-HG HX

C Rs.2936 SONY 367

9. SDXC(NORMAL) D Rs.3649 SANDISK 57

10. MICRO SDXC D Rs.3699 SANDISK 58

11. XQD CARD E Rs.25,628 SONY 801

CARD MANUFACTURERS• SanDisk• Toshiba• Siemens AG, • Panasonic, Kodak• Sony• Nikon, CFA• Olympus, Fujifilm• kingston• lexar

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Take better pictures at up to eight times faster SanDisk Extreme SDHC and SDXC UHS-I memory cards o

ffer enough speed, capacity, and durability to meet the demands of advanced photographers . Ideal for use with advanced cameras and HD camcorders, this card offers data speeds up to eight times faster than an ordinary memory card**, ensuring you'll never miss the moment.

Read/Write speeds up to 45MB/s** Capacities up to 128GB** Ideal for advanced cameras, DSLRs and HD camcorders Seamless Full HD (1080p)** video recording Durable and reliable

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SanDisk SD CardFeatures SanDisk SD Card features include: ►Up to 32-GB of data storage ►SD-protocol compatible ►Supports SPI mode ► Targeted for portable and stationary applications for secured (copyrights protected) and unsecured data storage ►Voltage range Basic communication : 2.0 to 3.6V Other commands and memory access: 2.7 to 3.6V ► Variable clock rate 0-25 MHz (default), 0-50MHz (high-speed) ►Data transfer rate Up to 50 MB/sec data transfer rate (using 4 parallel data lines) Maximum data rate with up to 10 cards ►Correction of memory-field errors ►Copyrights Protection mechanism Complies with highest security ►Password-protection (specific models only) ►Write Protect using mechanical switch ►Built-in write protection features (permanent and temporary) ►Card detection (Insertion/Removal)

Toshiba's new SD memory cards offer world's fastest write speedA REPORT OF TOSHIBA TECHNOLOGYJul. 18, 2013 - 05:43AM TOKYO — Toshiba Corp on Wednesday said that it will launch a new series of SD memory cards offering the world’s fastest data write speed., the EXCERIA PRO and EXCERIA cards will be launched in major markets worldwide, starting with Japan in October. EXCERIA cards compliant with UHS-II will be available in two series. The EXCERIA PRO series will offer photographers a data write speed of 240MB/sec2 the world’s fastest3, while the EXCERIA series will write at 120MB/sec. They will allow digital camera users to shoot still images continuously at high speed. UHS-II4 the ultra high speed serial bus interface defined in SD Memory Card , and they achieve significantly higher data transfer speeds than earlier UHS-I compliant cards. Users have long wanted to see improvements in data transfer rates and write times, so as to be able to takes bursts of photographs in quick succession. Further advances in higher resolution image recording (including 4K2K video), will also fuel demand for transfers of data-rich images at high speed.

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MB(megabyte ) &MiB(mebibyte)1 MiB = 1024 kibibytes =1048576bytes

MB can be always used to mean 1000KB or 1024KB, where as MiB always means 1024KB.

If you're using calculators you'll notice they're measured in KiB and MiB.

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CONCLUSION When we have so many memory cards available in the market, it is quite natural to get confused as to which card to choose. The choice depends on the application for which we want the memory card. Transfer rates are the most important criteria to select the appropriate memory card and the other criterion is the capacity of the card

AND COST. For example: for photographers , the transfer rates( both read and write) should be very high especially in cases where they are shooting bursts of images in continuous shooting mode, HD video or when using high resolution cameras that shoot particularly large files.So the photographers may go for compact flash cards having an exceptional transfer rate of around 160 MB/SEC or XQD CARDS.

In music players an intermediate transfer rate will serve the purpose .So memory sticks are used mostly in music players.

In mobile phones where we need to have a small memory card, micro SD cards are used. They have a fair speed and capacity which serves the transfer purpose for the phone.

REFERENCES1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_card2. http://www.sandisk.in/ (product manual)3. kingston.com4. sandisk.in5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Digital6. http://www.digitalcameraworld.com/

2012/06/13/how-memory-cards-work-free-photography-cheat-sheet/#null

7. sdcards.org8. http://e-fotografija.si/sdhc-atp-4gb-

class-6-memory-card-review-in-nuclear-power-plant-krsko-labs,563,,,4.html

9.Toshiba.com

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