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APPENDIX H

Memory Tables

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Table H-1 Summary: Same-Layer and Adjacent-Layer Interactions

Concept Description

Same-layer interaction on different computers

Adjacent-layer interaction on the same computer

Table H-2 OSI Functional Summary

Layer Functional Description

Application (7)

Presentation (6)

Session (5)

Transport (4)

Network (3)

Data link (2)

Physical (1)

Table H-3 Todays Most Common Types of Ethernet

Common Name Speed

Alternative

Name

Name of

IEEE Standard

Cable Type,

Maximum Length

Ethernet

Fast Ethernet

Gigabit Ethernet

Gigabit Ethernet


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Chapter 6

Chapter 6

Table H-7 All Possible Valid Network Numbers*

Class

First Octet

Range

Valid Network

Numbers*Total Number for This

Class of Network

Number of Hosts

Per Network

A

B

C

Table H-8 TCP/IP Transport Layer Features

Function Description

Multiplexing using ports

Error recovery (reliability)

Flow control using windowing

Connection establishment and termination

Ordered data transfer and data segmentation

Table H-9 Popular Applications and Their Well-Known Port Numbers

Port Number Protocol Application

FTP data

FTP control

SSH

Telnet

SMTP

DNS

DHCP

TFTP

HTTP (WWW)

POP3

SNMP

SSL

RTP-based Voice (VoIP) and Video


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6 Appendix H: Memory Tables

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Table H-10 Switch Internal Processing

Switching Method Description

Store-and-forward

Cut-through

Fragment-free

Table H-11 Benefits of Segmenting Ethernet Devices Using Hubs, Switches, and Routers

Feature Hub Switch Router

Greater cabling distances are allowed

Creates multiple collision domains

Increases bandwidth

Creates multiple broadcast domains

Table H-12 Key Sequences for Command Edit and Recall

Keyboard Command What Happens

Up arrow or Ctrl-p

Down arrow or Ctrl-n

Left arrow or Ctrl-b

Right arrow or Ctrl-f

Backspace

Ctrl-a

Ctrl-e

Ctrl-r

Ctrl-d

Esc-b

Esc-f


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Chapter 9

Chapter 9Chapter 9 summarized the SSH configuration steps on a Cisco IOS-based switch. As much

as possible, record what you remember about the various configuration steps.

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Table H-13 Common Switch Configuration Modes

Prompt Name of Mode

Context-setting Command(s) to Reach

This Mode

hostname(config)#

hostname(config-line)#

hostname(config-if)#

Table H-14 Names and Purposes of the Two Main IOS Configuration Files

Configuration Filename Purpose Where It Is Stored

Startup-config

Running-config

Table H-15 Banners and Their Use

Banner Typical Use

Message of the Day (MOTD)

Login

Exec


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Chapter 9 also summarized the four configuration steps to configure IP connectivity to a

Cisco IOS-based switch. As much as possible, record what you remember about the various

configuration steps.

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

*Shut down is the default setting.

Chapter 10

Table H-16 Actions When Port Security Violation Occurs

Option on the switchport port-security violation

Command Protect Restrict Shut Down*

Discards offending traffic

Sends log and SNMP messages

Disables the interface, discarding all traffic

Table H-17 show cdp Commands That List Information About Neighbors

Command Description

show cdp neighbors [type number]

show cdp neighbors detail

show cdp entryname

Table H-18 Commands Used to Verify CDP Operations

Command Description

show cdp

show cdp interface [type number]

show cdp traffic


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Chapter 11

Chapter 11

Table H-19 LAN Switch Interface Status Codes

Line Status Protocol Status Interface Status Typical Root Cause

Administratively

Down

Down

Down Down

Up Down

Down down (err-disabled)

Up Up

Table H-20 Common LAN Layer 1 Problem Indicators

Type of Problem

Counter Values Indicating

This Problem Common Root Causes

Excessive noise

Collisions

Late collisions

Table H-21 Organizations That Set or Influence WLAN Standards

Organization Standardization Role

ITU-R

IEEE

Wi-Fi Alliance

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

Table H-22 WLAN Standards

Feature 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g

Year ratified

Maximum speed using DSSS

Maximum speed using OFDM

Frequency band

Channels (nonoverlapped)*

Speeds required by standard (Mbps) 6, 12, 24 1, 2, 5.5, 11 6, 12, 24


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Table H-23 Different WLAN Modes and Names

Mode Service Set Name Description

Ad hoc

Infrastructure (one AP)

Infrastructure (more than one AP)

Table H-24 FCCUnlicensed Frequency Bands of Interest

Frequency Range Name Sample Devices

900 KHz Older cordless telephones

2.4 GHz

5 GHz

Table H-25 Encoding Classes and IEEE Standard WLANs

Name of Encoding Class What It Is Used By

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

Table H-26 WLAN Speed and Frequency Reference

IEEE StandardMaximumSpeed (Mbps) Other Speeds* (Mbps) Frequency

NonoverlappingChannels

802.11b 1, 2, 5.5

802.11a 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48

802.11g Same as 802.11a

Table H-27 WLAN Vulnerabilities and Solutions

Vulnerability Solution

War drivers

Hackers stealing information in a WLAN

Hackers gaining access to the rest of the network

Employee AP installation

Rogue AP


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Chapter 12

Chapter 12

Table H-28 WLAN Security Standards

Name Year Who Defined It

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) 1997

The interim Cisco solution while awaiting 802.11i 2001

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) 2003

802.11i (WPA2) 2005+

Table H-29 Comparisons of WLAN Security Features

Standard

Key

Distribution

Device

Authentication

User

Authentication Encryption

WEP Static Yes (weak) None Yes (weak)

Cisco

WPA

802.11i (WPA2)

Table H-30 List of All Possible Valid Network Numbers

Class A Class B Class C

First Octet Range

Valid Network Numbers

Number of Networks in This Class

Number of Hosts Per Network

Size of Network Part of Address (Bytes)

Size of Host Part of Address (Bytes)

Table H-31 Class A, B, and C Networks: Network and Host Parts and Default Masks

Class ofAddress

Size of Network Partof Address in Bits

Size of Host Partof Address in Bits

Default Mask for EachClass of Network

A

B

C


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Chapter 12 summarizes three steps that can be used for finding the size and location of the

network, subnet, and host parts of an IPv4 address, assuming classful addressing logic is

used. As much as possible, write down the details of each step.

a.

b.

c.

Chapter 13

Table H-32 IPv4 Versus IPv6

Feature IPv4 IPv6

Size of address (bits or bytes per octet)

Example address

Same address, abbreviated

Number of possible addresses, ignoring reserved values

Table H-33 Nine Possible Decimal Numbers in a Subnet Mask

Subnet Masks

Decimal Octet Binary Equivalent Number of Binary 1s Number of Binary 0s

0

128

192

224

240

248

252

254

255

Table H-34 Interface Status Codes and Their Meanings

Name First or Second Status Code General Meaning

Line status

Protocol status


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Chapter 14

Chapter 14Table H-35 Routing Protocol Classes/Algorithms and Protocols that Use Them

Class/Algorithm IGPs

Distance vector

Link-state

Balanced hybrid (also called advanced distance vector)

Table H-36 Comparing Classless and Classful Routing Protocols

Feature Classless Classful

Yes No

Yes No

Yes No

Table H-37 Interior IP Routing Protocols Compared

Feature RIP-1 RIP-2 EIGRP OSPF IS-IS

Classless No Yes

Supports VLSM No Yes

Sends mask in update No Yes

Distance vector Yes No

Link-state No Yes

Supports autosummarization No Yes Yes No No

Supports manual summarization No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Proprietary No No

Routing updates sent to a multicast IP address No N/A

Supports authentication No yes

Convergence Slow Fast


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Chapter 17

Chapter 16

Chapter 17Chapter 17 summarizes the steps required to configure HDLC. As much as is possible,

remember and write down the steps. The following list shows the number of steps and

substeps as outlined in the chapter.

Step 1

Step 2 The following tasks are required only when the specifically listed

conditions are true:

a.

b.

c.

Step 3 The following steps are always optional and have no impact on whether

the link works and passes IP traffic:

a.

b.

Lists the hosts name cache

Removes all DNS-found name cache entries

Flushes (empties) the hosts ARP cache

Displays a hosts routing table

Table H-41 Comparing Circuits and Packet Switching

Feature Circuits Packet Switching

Service implemented as OSI layer . . .

Point-to-point (two devices) or more

Table H-40 Microsoft Windows XP Network Command Reference (Continued)

Command Function

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