MENDELIAN

GENETICSREVIEW

____________________ IS THE “FATHER OF GENETICS”.

Gregor Mendel

_______________ IS THE PASSING OF TRAITS FROM PARENT TO

OFFSPRING.

Heredity

A _________ REPRESENTS THE PHYSICAL

CHARACTERISTICS.

Phenotype

HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES WOULD A

HUMAN HAVE IN THEIR SKIN CELLS?

46

___________ ARE TWO FORMS OF A GENE

(DOMINANT & RECESSIVE)

Alleles

HOW WOULD YOU WRITE A HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT GENOTYPE (USE THE 2ND

LETTER OF THE ALPHABET )

BB

A HOMOZYGOUS GENOTYPE CAN ALSO BE

CALLED _____________

Pure

WHICH LAW STATES: WHEN DIFFERENT ALLELES FOR A

CHARACTERISTIC ARE INHERITED (HETEROZYGOUS), THE TRAIT OF ONLY ONE (THE DOMINANT ONE)

WILL BE EXPRESSED?Law of Dominance

WHAT SEX CHROMOSOMES ARE

PRESENT FOR A MALE?

XY

WHAT DOES THE P GENERATION REPRESENT?

Parent’s genotypes

A CROSS BETWEEN TWO HYBRIDS WILL ALWAYS CREATE

WHAT PHENOTYPIC RATIO?BE SPECIFIC!!!!

3 dominant : 1 recessive

WHAT ORGANISM DID MENDEL USE TO

CONDUCT HIS RESEARCH?

Pea Plants

WHAT IS THE F1 GENERATION?

The offspring from crossing the P generation

____________ IS THE STUDY OF HEREDITY

Genetics

WHICH LAW STATES THE FOLLOWING: EACH FACTOR (GENE)

IS DISTRIBUTED (ASSORTED) RANDOMLY AND INDEPENDENTLY

OF ONE ANOTHER IN THE FORMATION OF GAMETES (EGG OR

SPERM)?Law of Independent Assortment

A ___________ REPRESENTS THE TYPES OF GENES THAT ARE INHERITED.

Genotype

HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES DID YOU

INHERIT FROM YOUR MOM?

23

HOW WOULD YOU WRITE A HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE GENOTYPE (USE THE 2ND

LETTER OF THE ALPHABET )

bb

A HETEROZYGOUS GENOTYPE CAN ALSO BE

CALLED A _____________

Hybrid

HOW WOULD YOU WRITE A HETEROZYGOUS

GENOTYPE (USE THE 2ND LETTER OF THE ALPHABET )

Bb

WHICH LAW STATES: EACH GENETIC TRAIT IS PRODUCED BY A PAIR OF ALLELES WHICH SEPARATE

DURING REPRODUCTION?

Law of Segregation

LIST THE GAMETES THAT CAN BE PRODUCED FROM

THE FOLLOWING GENOTYPE:

ABAbaBab

AaBb

A ______ GENE IS THE GENE THAT SHOWS UP MOST OFTEN IN A CROSS; REPRESENTED BY AN

UPPERCASE LETTER

Dominant

IN GUINEA PIGS, ROUGH COATS (R) ARE DOMINANT TO SMOOTH COATS. WRITE THE GENOTYPE FOR A HOMOZYGOUS

ROUGH COATED GUINEA PIG.

RR

IN GUINEA PIGS, ROUGH COATS (R) ARE DOMINANT TO SMOOTH COATS. WHAT ARE THE F1

GENOTYPES FROM A CROSS WITH A SMOOTH COATED GUINEA PIG AND A HOMOZYGOUS ROUGH COATED.

Genotype = 100% Rr

ARE FRATERNAL TWINS OR IDENTICAL TWINS

MORE CLOSELY RELATED?

Identical

IN GUINEA PIGS, ROUGH COATS (R) ARE DOMINANT TO SMOOTH

COATS. WRITE THE GENOTYPE FOR A SMOOTH COATED GUINEA PIG.

rr

A ________ IS A CROSS THAT ONLY INVOLVES A

SINGLE TRAIT

Monohybrid cross

LIST THE GAMETES THAT CAN BE PRODUCED FROM

THE FOLLOWING GENOTYPE:

aB

aaBB

WHAT ARE TWO FACTORS THAT AFFECT WHO YOU

ARE?

GenesEnvironment

WHAT SEX CHROMOSOMES ARE

PRESENT FOR A FEMALE?

XX

HOW COULD A GUINEA PIG BREEDER DETERMINE IF A

BLACK GUINEA PIG IS HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT OR

HETEROZYGOUS?Test cross- cross the guinea pig with a homozygous recessive guinea pig

________ IS A TOOL USED TO SOLVE GENETIC

PROBLEMS BASED ON PROBABILITY

Punnett Square

IN GUINEA PIGS, ROUGH COATS (R) ARE DOMINANT TO SMOOTH COATS. WHAT ARE THE F1

PHENOTYPES FROM A CROSS WITH A SMOOTH COATED GUINEA PIG AND A HOMOZYGOUS ROUGH

COATED. Phenotype = 100% Rough coated

A ________ IS A CROSS THAT INVOLVES TWO

TRAITS

Dihybrid cross

A ______ GENE IS THE GENE THAT SHOWS UP LESS OFTEN IN A CROSS; REPRESENTED BY A

LOWERCASE LETTER

Recessive

IN GUINEA PIGS, ROUGH COATS (R) ARE DOMINANT TO SMOOTH COATS. WRITE THE GENOTYPE FOR A HETEROZYGOUS

ROUGH COATED GUINEA PIG.

Rr

THE ________________________ IS BASED ON THE

GENOTYPE.

phenotype

WHICH PARENT DETERMINES THE SEX OF

THE CHILD? WHY?

FatherOnly one that can give a Y chromosome

T OR F: THE TENDENCY TO PRODUCE TWINS RUNS IN A FAMILY.

True

HOW DO IDENTICAL TWINS FORM?

a zygote from the same egg and same sperm cell spits into two

IN CORN, SMOOTH SEED TEXTURE (T) IS DOMINANT TO WRINKLED SEED

TEXTURE. COMPLETE A TEST CROSS OF A HYBRID SMOOTH SEED TEXTURE CORN. DETERMINE THE GENOTYPES &

PHENOTYPES OF THE OFFSPRING. NOTE: Test cross= always

cross w/ the homozygous recessive genotype!

G: 50% Tt: 50% tt P: 50% Smooth: 50%

wrinkled

T t t

t

Tt tt

Tt tt

BROWN EYES (B) ARE DOMINANT TO BLUE EYES. WHAT WOULD BE THE

GENOTYPES AND PHENOTYPES OF A CROSS BETWEEN A HOMOZYGOUS

BROWN EYED INDIVIDUAL AND SOMEONE WITH BLUE EYES.

G: 100% BbP: 100% Brown eyes

B B b

b

Bb Bb

Bb Bb

2. IN GUINEA PIGS ROUGH COATED (R) IS DOMINANT OVER SMOOTH COATED (R) AND BLACK COLOR (B) IS DOMINANT OVER WHITE COLOR (B). A ROUGH COATED AND BLACK GUINEA PIG, WHOSE MOTHER WAS SMOOTH AND WHITE IS MATED WITH A SMOOTH, WHITE ANIMAL. WHAT ARE THE PARENT GENOTYPES? WHAT ARE THE GENOTYPES AND PHENOTYPES OF THE OFFSPRING? (SEE PUNNETT SQUARE ON NEXT SLIDE FOR ANSWER)

RrBb x rrbb

P Cross =

RB Rb rB rb rb

rb

rb

rb

RrBb

Rrbb

rrBb

rrbb

F1 Genotypes:25% RrBb25% Rrbb25% rrBb25% rrbb

F1 Phenotypes:25% Rough/Black25% Rough/White25% Smooth/Black25%Smooth/White

3. IN SQUASH THE COLOR WHITE (W) IS DOMINANT OVER YELLOW AND DISK SHAPE (D) IS DOMINANT OVER SPHERE SHAPE. A) WHEN CROSSING TWO HOMOZYGOUS SQUASHES, ONE WHITE, SPHERE AND THE OTHER YELLOW, DISK. DETERMINE THE PARENT GENOTYPES. THEN DETERMINE THE GENOTYPES AND PHENOTYPES OF THE F1 GENERATION (SEE PUNNETT SQUARE ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE.

WWdd x wwDD

P Cross =

Wd Wd Wd Wd wD

wD

wD

wD

WwDd

F1 Genotype:100% WwDd

F1 Phenotype:

100% White/Disk