Mental Health & Mental Mental Health & Mental DiseaseDisease

Mental Health & Self EsteemMental Health & Self Esteem

Mental health is the Mental health is the well being of the mind. well being of the mind. Self esteem is vitalSelf esteem is vital

Self esteem is liking Self esteem is liking yourself and being yourself and being able to express what able to express what you believe is right. you believe is right. Self acceptance!Self acceptance!

2 mirrors that don’t match2 mirrors that don’t match

You can choose to You can choose to change to become change to become closer to the other closer to the other mirror or accept mirror or accept your imperfection your imperfection and rewrite the and rewrite the other mirror.other mirror.

Either way there are Either way there are affects pos/negaffects pos/neg

PersonalityPersonality

Personality is a mix of Personality is a mix of how you feel, think, how you feel, think, and behaveand behave

It is due to genetics It is due to genetics AND environment.AND environment.

What was your personality like as a baby. A What was your personality like as a baby. A child and now?child and now?

How is it the same?How is it the same? How is it different?How is it different?

How Environment affects How Environment affects PersonalityPersonality

Socialization/CultureSocialization/Culture Conditioning; rewards and punishment for Conditioning; rewards and punishment for

behaviorbehavior Observation of role modelsObservation of role models Gender roleGender role StereotypeStereotype Labels (change to I struggle with……)Labels (change to I struggle with……) I am good at …….I am good at …….

Imagos windowImagos window

What I know about meWhat I know about me What you know about meWhat you know about me What a higher power knows about meWhat a higher power knows about me What I really am: The truthWhat I really am: The truth

Where are the discrepancies in Where are the discrepancies in your mirrors?your mirrors?

The expectation mirror and your belief mirror? The expectation mirror and your belief mirror? What makes more sense based on the facts?What makes more sense based on the facts?What is the truth?What is the truth?What will you change and what will you What will you change and what will you accept about yourself?accept about yourself?

TheoristTheorist

Freud: focuses on how instincts or drives Freud: focuses on how instincts or drives influence developmentinfluence development– Focuses on intellectual stages Focuses on intellectual stages

Erickson: Focuses on social developmentErickson: Focuses on social development Maslow: Focuses on human needsMaslow: Focuses on human needs

Freud’s Theory of Human InstinctFreud’s Theory of Human Instinct

Id: What I WantId: What I Want Ego: What I will doEgo: What I will do Superego: What Superego: What

ideally should doideally should do Conscience—good Conscience—good

angel and bad angel angel and bad angel on the shoulderson the shoulders

Developing Healthy WellnessDeveloping Healthy Wellness

Self concept: your Self concept: your view of yourself. Is it view of yourself. Is it accurate? Do others accurate? Do others see you that way?see you that way?

Responsibility: Do you Responsibility: Do you accept responsibility accept responsibility for your behavior?for your behavior?

Self-ExaminationSelf-Examination

Do you have problems that you ignore and Do you have problems that you ignore and let others resolve for you?let others resolve for you?

Are there things about your behavior that Are there things about your behavior that you would like to change?you would like to change?

Does peer pressure cause you to do things Does peer pressure cause you to do things that you would like to change? Does it that you would like to change? Does it cause you to do things you normally cause you to do things you normally wouldn’t do?wouldn’t do?

An unexamined life is likely to result in a An unexamined life is likely to result in a repeat of chronic poor behavior. Living repeat of chronic poor behavior. Living status quo, not to your potential or maslows status quo, not to your potential or maslows hierarchy of self actualization.hierarchy of self actualization.

Examination creates self awareness and the Examination creates self awareness and the possibility of positive change and/or self possibility of positive change and/or self acceptance.acceptance.

Defense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms

Defence Mechanisms Defence Mechanisms

Repression: pushing feelings away from the Repression: pushing feelings away from the conscious thought.conscious thought.

Rationalization: Making an excuse for Rationalization: Making an excuse for behavior.behavior.

Compensation: Covering up faults or Compensation: Covering up faults or weakness by trying to excel else where.weakness by trying to excel else where.

Defense Mechanisms Con'tDefense Mechanisms Con't

Projection: Projecting your own negative Projection: Projecting your own negative feelings to someone else. You are feelings to someone else. You are disappointed in yourself, you say someone disappointed in yourself, you say someone is disappointed in you.is disappointed in you.

Idealization: Seeing someone as perfect. Idealization: Seeing someone as perfect. The way you want them to be, not the way The way you want them to be, not the way that really are.that really are.

Defense Mechanisms Con’tDefense Mechanisms Con’t

Daydreaming: is the creation of make Daydreaming: is the creation of make believe events that seem more pleasant or believe events that seem more pleasant or exciting that the real world.exciting that the real world.

Regression: To go back to a time when you Regression: To go back to a time when you were less mature.were less mature.

Denial: the refusal to recognize reality.Denial: the refusal to recognize reality. Displacement: Taking emotions out on an Displacement: Taking emotions out on an

innocent person.innocent person.

Defense Mechanisms Con’tDefense Mechanisms Con’t

Reaction formation: hiding their true feelings Reaction formation: hiding their true feelings by acting opposite of how they really feel.by acting opposite of how they really feel.

e.g. Acting happy that someone else won e.g. Acting happy that someone else won the award.the award.

Acting like you are glad that he broke up Acting like you are glad that he broke up with you.with you.

Mental DiseaseMental Disease

History of mental illnessHistory of mental illness

Labels: witches,lunatics,evildoersLabels: witches,lunatics,evildoers Ways of dealing with mental illness:Ways of dealing with mental illness: Rituals were performed by priest, or Rituals were performed by priest, or

magiciansmagicians ExorcismsExorcisms Potions to rid the evil spiritsPotions to rid the evil spirits

Trepanation: hole Trepanation: hole drilled in the head to drilled in the head to allow the evil spirits to allow the evil spirits to be released.be released.

Ancient Greeks Ancient Greeks believed that the believed that the mentally ill person was mentally ill person was being punished by the being punished by the gods for wrongdoing.gods for wrongdoing.

Middle ages: witchcraft and demons were Middle ages: witchcraft and demons were the belief of the behavior of the mentally illthe belief of the behavior of the mentally ill

treatment:treatment: Persecution, restraining, beatings, starvation Persecution, restraining, beatings, starvation

and drowningand drowning

Renaissance;Renaissance; Belief that the stars and moon caused Belief that the stars and moon caused

madness thus the term lunacymadness thus the term lunacy Special institutions were built for the Special institutions were built for the

mentally ill called insane asylumsmentally ill called insane asylums The conditions were unsanitaryThe conditions were unsanitary

1700’s: French 1700’s: French physician Philippe physician Philippe pinel introduced the pinel introduced the concept of exercise, concept of exercise, fresh air and cleaner fresh air and cleaner environmentenvironment

1883 Emil kraepelin developed a system for 1883 Emil kraepelin developed a system for diagnosing mental illnessdiagnosing mental illness

DepressionDepression

Everyone occasional Everyone occasional blues.blues.

Causes: Hormones or Causes: Hormones or circumstancescircumstances

Treatment: Attitude Treatment: Attitude adjustment, stress adjustment, stress management, problem management, problem solving techniques, solving techniques, temporary meds, & timetemporary meds, & time

Major DepressionMajor Depression

9% of the population 9% of the population Signs and Symptoms: Signs and Symptoms:

extreme sadness, extreme sadness, insomnia, hypersomnia, insomnia, hypersomnia, decreased sex drive, decreased sex drive, appetite fluxuations, appetite fluxuations, anhedonia, decreased anhedonia, decreased energy, hopelessness, self energy, hopelessness, self mutilation, & suicidalitymutilation, & suicidality

TreatmentTreatment

Antidepressants: Antidepressants: Zoloft, prozac, desyrel, Zoloft, prozac, desyrel, etc…etc…

Inpatient Treatment: Inpatient Treatment: Suicide prevention Suicide prevention contracts: contract in contracts: contract in which patient will which patient will inform staff of suicidal inform staff of suicidal feelingsfeelings

ECT electroconvulsive therapy is used only ECT electroconvulsive therapy is used only as a last resort for extreme depression.as a last resort for extreme depression.

It basically jumpstarts the brain to release It basically jumpstarts the brain to release serotonin.serotonin.

ECT is a temporary fix. Follow up care is ECT is a temporary fix. Follow up care is mandatorymandatory

Walk between the raindropsWalk between the raindrops

The 3 things that The 3 things that people have in people have in common that are common that are happy and successful happy and successful despite tragedy in their despite tragedy in their life is……………life is……………

1) they become knowledgeable about the topic 1) they become knowledgeable about the topic that is causing them painthat is causing them pain

2) they surround themselves with resources such 2) they surround themselves with resources such as family ,friends, church members, counsellors. as family ,friends, church members, counsellors. They do not try to deal with the problem alone.They do not try to deal with the problem alone.

3)They do the things that they find meaningful. 3)They do the things that they find meaningful. They focus on the things that bring them joy and They focus on the things that bring them joy and defocus on the things that make them saddefocus on the things that make them sad

Think about a problem in your life!!!Think about a problem in your life!!! How can you become knowledgeable about How can you become knowledgeable about

that topic?that topic? Who can you use as resources?Who can you use as resources? What is meaningful in your life and how can What is meaningful in your life and how can

you use that to bring you joy?you use that to bring you joy?

Depression is a chemical imbalance but the Depression is a chemical imbalance but the chemical imbalance can be restored withchemical imbalance can be restored with

A) medicationA) medication B) attitude changeB) attitude change c) talk therapyc) talk therapy

90% of all suicide victims have a psychiatric 90% of all suicide victims have a psychiatric disorder.disorder.

Psychiatric disorders can be treated with Psychiatric disorders can be treated with medication and counsellingmedication and counselling

50% of all suicide victims have alcohol in 50% of all suicide victims have alcohol in their systemtheir system

Eating disordersEating disorders

Anorexia patients are Anorexia patients are at higher risk for at higher risk for suicide than bulimia suicide than bulimia patientspatients

Depression questionnaireDepression questionnairesuicide videosuicide video

Bipolar/Manic-depressive Bipolar/Manic-depressive DisorderDisorder

Patient plays 2 Patient plays 2 different behaviors: different behaviors: extreme excitement extreme excitement and depression.and depression.

Meds: Lithium, tegretol Meds: Lithium, tegretol & valprotic acid& valprotic acid

2% of the population2% of the population

Signs & SymptomsSigns & Symptoms

Excitement Excitement GrandiosityGrandiosity InsomniaInsomnia Increased energyIncreased energy Increased spending Increased spending

(shopping sprees, or (shopping sprees, or excessive buying)excessive buying)

AgitationAgitation EuphoricEuphoric

DelusionsDelusions HallucinationsHallucinations

http://www.everydayhealth.com/http://www.everydayhealth.com/bipolar-disorder-pictures/famous-bipolar-disorder-pictures/famous-

people-with-bipolar-people-with-bipolar-disorder.aspx#11disorder.aspx#11

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia

Chronic mental Chronic mental disorder in which a disorder in which a person cannot person cannot differentiate fantasy differentiate fantasy from reality.from reality.

Meds: anit-psychotic Meds: anit-psychotic drugs like clozarildrugs like clozaril

1% of population1% of population

Signs & SymptomsSigns & Symptoms

Hallucination: auditory, Hallucination: auditory, somatic, tactile, visual, somatic, tactile, visual, or olfactoryor olfactory

DelusionsDelusions Flat monotone voiceFlat monotone voice Inappropriate Inappropriate

expression of expression of speech/contentspeech/content

Lack of Lack of initiative/energyinitiative/energy

Disheveled Disheveled appearanceappearance

Poor hygienePoor hygiene Rigid postureRigid posture Pacing for hoursPacing for hours RockingRocking Bizarre behaviorBizarre behavior

Antisocial DisorderAntisocial Disorder

Person has not conscience Person has not conscience or remorseor remorse

S&S: irresponsible w/ S&S: irresponsible w/ family, friends and family, friends and financial matters. Irritable, financial matters. Irritable, aggressive but charismatic aggressive but charismatic and manipulative to get and manipulative to get their waytheir way

Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Obsessive-compulsive Disorder OCDOCD

Obsession: an idea, Obsession: an idea, thought or impulse that thought or impulse that does not go awaydoes not go away

Compulsion: Behavior that Compulsion: Behavior that is respective and is respective and intentionalintentional

Washing hands, counting Washing hands, counting items, anal organization items, anal organization habits, etc…habits, etc…

Begins at any ageBegins at any age Males and females equallyMales and females equally Tend to abuse alcohol and anti anxiety Tend to abuse alcohol and anti anxiety

drugsdrugs

Post traumatic stress syndromePost traumatic stress syndrome

Experiences traumatic Experiences traumatic event such a rape, event such a rape, witness a murder, witness a murder, MVA, warMVA, war

symptomssymptoms

Recurrent thoughts of the event.Recurrent thoughts of the event. Acting it outActing it out NightmaresNightmares DepressionDepression AnxietyAnxiety Feeling of guiltFeeling of guilt

Impulsive behaviorImpulsive behavior Hyper vigilanceHyper vigilance Exaggerated startle responseExaggerated startle response Angry outburstAngry outburst flashbacksflashbacks

Dissociative identity disorderDissociative identity disorder

2 or more distinct personalities, each with its 2 or more distinct personalities, each with its own way of perceiving, relating to and own way of perceiving, relating to and thinking about the environment and self.thinking about the environment and self.

Only one personality is in control at a time.Only one personality is in control at a time. When one person comes out it is called When one person comes out it is called

dissociationdissociation

Each personality is called an alterEach personality is called an alter Host personality is in control most of the Host personality is in control most of the

time.time. Some alters age with timeSome alters age with time May be different ages, race, and gender.May be different ages, race, and gender. Each alter has a job.Each alter has a job.

Perhaps, spouse, parent, employee, Perhaps, spouse, parent, employee, child,etcchild,etc

One alter may go on a trip and the other get One alter may go on a trip and the other get the bill, and not remember the tripthe bill, and not remember the trip

symptomssymptoms

Loss of timeLoss of time

Regressive behaviorRegressive behavior

Extreme changes in behaviorExtreme changes in behavior

Not keeping appointmentsNot keeping appointments

Anxiety attackAnxiety attack

Paralysis of the individuals ability to function Paralysis of the individuals ability to function socially or deal with life situations rationallysocially or deal with life situations rationally

Symptoms:Symptoms: LightheadednessLightheadedness Heart palpitationsHeart palpitations

Tingling or numbness Tingling or numbness of the extremitiesof the extremities

)parathesis))parathesis)

Panic attackPanic attack

A severe form of A severe form of anxiety that leads to anxiety that leads to sheer terrorsheer terror

hypochondriasishypochondriasis

Preoccupied with their Preoccupied with their healthhealth

Convinced they are ill Convinced they are ill even though the Dr. even though the Dr. cannot find anything cannot find anything wrongwrong

phobiaphobia

A dread or irrational A dread or irrational fear of specific objects fear of specific objects or situationsor situations

agoraphobiaagoraphobia

Fear of some many things that the individual Fear of some many things that the individual will not leave their home.will not leave their home.

Tools to curb anxietyTools to curb anxiety

Slow downSlow down Good nutritionGood nutrition Adequate sleepAdequate sleep ExerciseExercise Take walksTake walks MeditateMeditate Relaxation techniquesRelaxation techniques

Relaxation breathingRelaxation breathing Get awayGet away MusicMusic RecreationRecreation Develop routineDevelop routine Seek out friendsSeek out friends VolunteerVolunteer

Live in the here and now.Live in the here and now. Go to therapyGo to therapyAnti anxiety medsAnti anxiety medsDon’t characterize things. Don’t characterize things. Focus on what you can do not what others should Focus on what you can do not what others should

do.do.Remove yourself from the toxic situationRemove yourself from the toxic situationHave a planHave a plan

forgivenessforgiveness

Read article and answer the questions.Read article and answer the questions.

Ways to create trustWays to create trust

Introduce yourself (first names only)Introduce yourself (first names only) Keep your wordKeep your word Observe their body languageObserve their body language Make frequent short visitsMake frequent short visits Be honest: if you can’t keep the secret don’t Be honest: if you can’t keep the secret don’t

tell them you willtell them you will

Stay within your boundaries: don’t become Stay within your boundaries: don’t become their buddy stay professionaltheir buddy stay professional

Set limits: Set limits: Find out the answer to their questionsFind out the answer to their questions Admit your mistakesAdmit your mistakes Give your patient support by validating their Give your patient support by validating their

feelingfeeling

Show confidence in your patient ability to Show confidence in your patient ability to get betterget better

Don’t be judgmentalDon’t be judgmental Be yourselfBe yourself Socialize when appropriateSocialize when appropriate Encourage the use of leisureEncourage the use of leisure Reassure them that they are safeReassure them that they are safe

communicationcommunication

Use open ended questionsUse open ended questions ParaphraseParaphrase Body languageBody language Touch proximityTouch proximity Transference( you remind them of Transference( you remind them of

someone)someone)

Safety issuesSafety issues

ElopementElopement ContrabandsContrabands Room checksRoom checks

Video of diseasesVideo of diseases Play therapy with the sand boxPlay therapy with the sand box