MERCANTILISM, ENLIGHTENMENT, AND GROWING REBELLIOUSNESSChapter 1 - Section 2

OVERVIEW

Frustrated by British policies and limited rights, American colonists began demanding greater freedom. Fueled by the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, many colonists protested the English Monarch’s policies. Angered by protests, Britain increased its control over the colonies. Many colonists responded by declaring independence, while others remained loyal to Britain. The Americans won the Revolutionary War and Britain recognized the United States of America as an independent nation.

MERCANTILISM

Triangular trade allowed the colonies to expand their trade and colonies, how ever, England enacted laws to limit the colonial trade and further England’s economic interest

Mercantilism = Set of ideas about the worlds economy

Belief = To become wealthy, you must accumulate as much silver and gold by selling more goods to other countries than it bought from them & have a surplus of raw materials

CHARLES II

Assumed the throne in 1660, and determined to use the colonies for wealth!

Passed the Navigation Act of 1660 = Requiring all goods going to and from the colonies to be shipped on English ships

1663, England passed the Staple Act, requiring all items going to the colonies MUST go to England first to be taxed

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 1754 - 1759

GREAT BRITAIN BECAMEINTERESTED IN THE OHIO RIVERVALLEY AREA(SO DID THE FRENCH)

FRENCH AND INDIANS (ALLIES)FOUGHT THE BRITISH ALSO KNOWNAS THE 7 YEARS WAR

BRITAIN WON, BECAME MOSTPOWERFUL IN N.A. & GAINED ALL OFLOUISIANA EAST OF MISSISSIPPI,AND FLORIDA

PROCLAMATION ACT OF 1763

Halt Colonial expansion west of Appalachian Mountains into Native Am. Lands

King George III didn’t want to risk war with Native Americans & additional money

BRITAIN IN DEBT

Heavily in debt from war & a lot of new territory to defend

Felt colonies should help pay for the cost of the war

Colonists continued to boycott British goods and black market continued

Britain implemented new taxes on the colonists

NEW REGULATIONS AND TAXES

Sugar Act of 1764:

Sugar, molasses, silk, wine, coffee & Indigo

Stamp Act of 1765:

Req. Stamps on all printed material = Playing cards, contracts, newspapers, diplomas & Documents

Quartering Act 1765 -

Required colonists to provide shelter to British troops

SONS OF LIBERTY

Organized protests of stamp act (Stamp Act Congress)

Boycotted all British products

Wrote “Declaration of Rights and Grievances”

“No taxation w/o representation!!!”

Ignored tax /boycotted Brit. goods

Tax Stamp repealed

TOWNSHEND ACTS

Britain needed more money

Tax lead, paper, paint, glass

Officers can arrest smugglers

Sam Adams, George Washington,Thomas Jefferson led Protest

TOWNSHEND ACT - BOSTON MASSACRE

Taunting British Soldiers guarding customs house

Colonists threw snowballs

British Fired

5 dead

tension so high, Britain repealed all taxes except tea

COLONISTS DEFY BRITAIN

May 1773 - Tea Act

New Tea shipments blocked in harbor

Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians and headed to Boston Harbor

150 men dumped 342 chests of tea into harbor

COERCIVE ACTS

Britain passed the Coercive Act

Punishment for Tea Party

Closed Boston Port until dumped tea was paid for

New laws banned town meetings

King stationed 2000 troops to keep order in Mass.

Colonists called the “Acts” became known as the “Intolerable Acts”

QUESTIONS?

IN REVIEW

1. Britain and France fought over this area of land -

Ohio River Valley - with N.A. help

2. Act placing taxes on lead, paper & paint was called _________ act

Townshend Acts

3. Act requiring taxes on paper, documents, diplomas etc. was called __________ act?

Stamp Act

What “ACT” was placed on the Boston colonists as punishment of the “Boston Tea Party”?

Coercive Acts