Mercury

By: Olivia Frasier & Caterina Servello

Distance from the sun's diameter- 57 million km

Period of rotation- 58.65 earth days

Period of revolution- 88 earth days

Orbital radius- 2439.7 km

Moons- none

(This is because mercury is the closest planet to the sun which the sun's strong gravity would interfere with anything orbiting it)

Facts

Layers of Mercury● Mercury’s crust is mostly composed

with silicate rock.● Beneath the crust is the mantle

which is also composed of silicate rock and is hundreds of kilometers thick.

● At the center of mercury is the core which is made partly of molten iron about (7,500 km) in diameter. The core also generates a magnetic field.

● The core is about 80% of mercury's total mass.

● Mercury is the second densest planet in the solar system because of its large iron core.

Density- 5,430 kg/m3

Surface Features● Caloris Basin- Largest feature on mercury and is 1,300 km in diameter.- Formed by a large meteorite in the early formation of the solar system.

● Scarps- long sinuous cliffs, this is where the crust is broken along a sloped plane and pushed upwards.

● Volcanoes-The lava flows shaped many features like smoothing out the surfaces, carving valleys and creating ridges.-25 km in length

● Hollows-Ranging in sizes from 60 feet to over a mile across and 60 to 120 feet deep.

● Water ice- MESSENGER has reported data with radar signals of existence of water ice located in mercury's north pole.

Random fact● Mercury is the closest planet to

the Sun and due to its proximity it is not easily seen except during twilight. For every two orbits of the Sun, Mercury completes three rotations about its axis and up until 1965 it was thought that the same side of Mercury constantly faced the Sun.

Scale info.Diameter

Sun's diameter-10 km = Mercury's diameter-3,505km

Distance planet from sun

Sun's diameter-10 km= Distance planet from sun-8.4250 km

http://astronomy.nmsu.edu/tharriso/ast110/Ast105week06.html

Work Cited● https://www.space.com/18646-mercury-distance.html● https://sciencing.com/what-distance-sun-mercury-4570171.html● https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/special/mercury.htm● https://www.universetoday.com/14008/rotation-of-mercury/● https://phys.org/news/2016-01-moons-mercury.html● https://journeyhome1111.com/about/● https://pics-about-space.com/planet-mercury-orbit-sun?p=1● http://hudsonvalleygeologist.blogspot.com/2012/04/mercurys-gold.html● http://www.thinglink.com/scene/875077274305560576● http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/mercury/insidemercury.shtml● https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/exploring-the-planets/online/solar-system/mercury/surface.cfm● http://themis.asu.edu/node/5427● https://www.space.com/ ● http://thinkzone.wlonk.com/SS/SolarSystemModel.php?obj=Mercury&dist=1000000cm&table=y&ma

p=n&venus=n&earth=n&mars=n&ceres=n&jupiter=n&saturn=n&uranus=n&neptune=n&pluto=n

VenusBy : Jack Kozel & Parker Miller

Facts● Venus has a diameter of 12,104 kilometers.● Venus is thought to be made up of mainly central iron core, rocky mantle, and

silicate crust.● Venus is 108,000,000 kilometers away from the sun.● One day in venus is 18 hours.● One year in venus is 116 days.● Venus orbits the sun at a average of 0.72 AU.

Facts● Venus is the second brightest natural object in the solar system.● Venus does not have any moons or rings around it.● The surface temperature on Venus can reach 471 celsius this heat makes

venus have a silicate crust and iron stored inside of it.● A detailed study on venus just finishes in 2015 showing more than 1000

volcanoes large as 20 km.● Atmospheric pressure on venus is 92 times as much as Earth's pressure.● Venus was thought to be a tropical planet because the gases surrounding the

planet were impossible to see in but when radio mapping was formed scientist were able to measure the hostile environment for life.

Scale EquationSun's diameter = 1,391,400

Venus’s diameter = 12,104

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Earth’s FactsBy: Morgan Timm and Maddie Melody

Days and YearsYou may think a full day on Earth is 24 hours but it actually is

23 hours, 56 minutes, and four seconds.

Also, one year on Earth is

365.24 days!

Distance from Earth to Sun in (km)

The distance of Earth to the Sun is

149,668,992 km.

Number of Moons

Earth has one moon and it’s called Moon. The Moon orbits the Earth every 27.3 days. Our moon is the only moon, called Moon.

Layers of the Planet

Earth has 4 layers. The layers from the inside out our inner core, outer core, mantle, and then crust.

Pictures!!

Random Fact and Scale Info.

70 percent of the planet is covered in ocean but humans have only discovered 5 percent of it.

Scale Info If the Sun was 10 km in diameter Earth would be .091 km wide. I used a conversion by putting the actual sun width over actual Earth width() and made that equal to 10 km over x because x is unknown. Then for how far away Earth would be from the sun if the sun had 10 km in diameter the Earth would be 1720.225 km away. I set up the actual Earth size over the new size and the actual distance to the sun over x.

Resources

http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/space/moon.html

https://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/JennyChen.shtml

https://list25.com/25-crazy-facts-about-planet-earth-that-will-boggle-your-mind/

EARTH

Facts

Period of rotation - 24 Hours

Period of revolution - 365.25 rotations

Distance from the Earth to the Sun

152 million km

1 Moon - Takes 27.32 days to revolve around the earth

Layers of atmosphere and crustLayers of Atmosphere

Exosphere: 700 to 10,000 km (440 to 6,200 miles)

Thermosphere: 80 to 700 km (50 to 440 miles)

Mesosphere: 50 to 80 km (31 to 50 miles)

Stratosphere: 12 to 50 km (7 to 31 miles)

Troposphere: 0 to 12 km (0 to 7 miles)

Layers of Earth

If the Sun was 10 km wide, than Earth would

be 91.7 m wide.

Random Fact About Earth

Earth is the only planet in our solar system that wasn’t named after a Greek or Roman God or Goddess.

Image sources“Earth Hour.” WWF, World Wildlife Fund, www.worldwildlife.org/pages/earth-hour.

Garner, Rob. “Earth.” NASA, NASA, 13 Jan. 2015, www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/index.html.

“GCSE Bitesize: The Structure of the Earth.” BBC, BBC,

www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/natural_hazards/tectonic_plates_rev1.

shtml.

MARS

BY: nick and nick

Distance from Mars to the Sun's diameter

Mars orbits the Sun at an average distance of 228 million km(141.67 million mi)

How long is a day on Mars?

One day on mars is 40 minutes longer then a day on Earth

One Year on Mars

One year on mars is 687 days.

Moons

Mars is the only planet in our solar system that has no moons.

Layers

The surface of Mars is made of a thick layer of oxidized iron dust and rocks of the same color. The atmosphere of Mars is divided into only three layers. The first layer on Mars, the troposphere, is twice as large as the first layer of the Earth's atmosphere. The middle of the atmosphere is called the mesosphere.The very top of the atmosphere is called the exosphere.

Orbital Radius

Mars is 141.6 million miles away from the sun

Photos

Surface features

The Surface of mars is very rocky. It is much like a desert on Earth. The whole

Planet is covered in red dust. The dust is oxidized iron dust

Facts

Mars and Earth are approximately the same landmass but

mars is way smaller.

How big would mars be

Is The Sun was 10 Kilometers then mars would only be

0.03027167 kilometers in diameter

MarsBy: Owen Berryman and Alex Shaw

How many Moons Does Mars HaveMars has 2 moons, Phobos and Deimos.

Length of One Day on MarsOne day on Mars is equal to 1 day and 40 minutes on Earth. One revolution around the Sun takes 687 days, or 1.9 Earth years.

Distance From the SunMars is 141.6 million miles from the Sun. On Mars the Sun appears only half the size it does on Earth.

Mars LayersMars has a large mantle and a solid core, like Earth but without a liquid outer core.

Random FactMars is named after the roman god of war, like many other planets such as Mercury, Venus, Neptune, Pluto (not a planet though), Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. So, pretty much every planet but Earth.

Mars SurfaceThe surface of Mars is made of dust and rocks. The dust, made of iron, is oxidized. This give it the red appearance. Water cannot exist on Mars for any period of time.

How big would mars planet be if the sun had a diameter of 10

Our planet would be .0049 km in diameter

JupiterBy Cody Miller, Arthur White

Facts-Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.

-It takes Jupiter 9 hours 55 minutes and 30 seconds to

complete a full rotation and 12 Earth day’s to complete a

revolution around the Sun.

- Jupiter is the biggest gas giant and its atmosphere is made

of mostly hydrogen gas and helium gas.

Jupiter

Facts -Jupiter has an extremely strong magnetic field

-Jupiter is more than 300 times the Earth

-11 times the diameter of the Earth

-Jupiter magnetic field is 14 times stronger than Earth's

Facts - Jupiter is made of mostly gas such as hydrogen and

helium except a core the size of Earth that is made of

mostly rocks and metals.

-Jupiter has 67 moons. Including its four largest called

Ganymede,Callisto, Io, Europa.(Discovered by Galileo

Galilei.)

Conversion If The Diameter of the Sun was 10km1,391,400 kmSun actual diameter

10 kmModified sun diameter

139,822 kmJupiter actual diameter

?Jupiter diameter when the suns is 10 km

1,391,400 kmSun actual diameter

10 kmSun modified diameter

139,822 kmJupiter diameter

1.0049153802 kmJupiter diameter when the suns in 10 km

9.9512236987 km The sun and jupiter diameter simplified

1 km

Jupiter to the Sun

Sun Diameter 10km

Jupiter Diameter 1.00490153802km

Distance Between them

485,331,212 km

JupiterBy Andrew Merz and Dominic Schifko

Simon

Distance of planet to the sun diameter in km

778,000,000 km

*Not to scale

Hille

Length of One DayOne day on Jupiter is 10 hours on

earth.

Dunbar

How long it takes to go around the sunOne year on Jupiter is 12 years on Earth.

Jupiter

MoonsJupiter has 67 moons.

Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto are the Galilean moons. They were discovered by Galileo in 1610. They are some of the largest objects in the solar system besides the 8 planets.

Columnist

Layers of Jupiter

Jupiter’s Composition

Surface featuresThe temperature in the clouds of Jupiter is about minus 145 degrees Celsius (minus 234 degrees Fahrenheit). The temperature near the planet's center is much, much hotter. The core temperature may be about 24,000 degrees Celsius (43,000 degrees Fahrenheit). That’s hotter than the surface of the sun!

Jupiter has 4 rings

ScaleIf the sun was 10km in diameter, than Jupiter would be 1.00490153802 km in diameter.

Sun's diameter - 1.3914 million km

Jupiter’s diameter - 86.8814 thousand km/10 = 1.00490153802km

If the sun was 10km in diameter, Jupiter would be 48,380,000 in away from the sun.

Works CitedDunbar, Brian. “Jupiter Animated Videos.” NASA, NASA, www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/multimedia/largest/EduVideoGallery.html.

Hille, Karl. “Hubble Takes Close-up of Jupiter.” NASA, NASA, 6 Apr. 2017, www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/hubble-takes-close-up-portrait-of-jupiter.

JUPITER'S COMPOSITION - EnchantedLearning.com, www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/jupiter/jupiterinside.shtml.

Simon, A. “NASA.” NASA, NASA, 2014, www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/juno/jupiter/.

Works Cited 2JUPITER'S COMPOSITION - EnchantedLearning.com, www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/jupiter/jupiterinside.shtml.

Columnist, Joe Rao Space.com Skywatching. “Jupiter's Moons to Vanish from View.” Space.com, www.space.com/7198-jupiter-moons-vanish-view.html.

Saturn

By: Amelia Beesley, Annika Lamp, & Paige Crowley

Distance from Saturn to the Sun’s Diameter in kilometers

The distance from saturn to the sun is 1.429 billion kilometers

Period of Rotation/Length of one day on Saturn

The length of a day or period of rotation on Saturn is 10 hours and 42 minutes.

Period of Revolution and Length of one year

Saturn revolves or orbits around the Sun once every 29.4 Earth years, or once every 10,755.7 Earth days.

Source: http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/

Number of Moons

Saturn has 53 moons and one of the moons, Titan, has its own atmosphere, which is rare for moons.

Source: https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/

Layers of the Planet

The layers of Saturn in order from the inside out are the core, a layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, a layer of liquid molecular hydrogen, and the upper atmosphere.

Source: https://saturn-archive.jpl.nasa.gov

Surface Features

Saturn’s surface is so dense that the gravity on it is very weak and is only 91% compared to that of the Earth. Since the planet Saturn is a gas giant, it doesn’t have a solid surface unlike the Earth. Saturn also doesn’t have many surface features because it is a gas giant.

Source: http://planetfacts.org/

Random Facts

● Saturn is very large and is the second largest planet in the Solar System. However, it is made up mostly of gas and is less dense than water. Since it is lighter than water, it can float on water and is the least dense of all the planets.

● Saturn is the root word of the English word “Saturday”● Titan, one of Saturn’s moons, is larger than the planet Mercury

Source: http://nineplanets.org

SaturnBy: Alana & Keilani

Facts about saturn● 6th planet from the sun● It can be seen with a “naked eye”● 2nd largest planet in our solar system● Saturn is named after the Roman God of agriculture● Lowest density of all the planets in just our solar system● It takes about 29.46 Earth years for saturn to orbit around our sun● Saturn has 7 ring groups made up of thousands of smaller rings● Saturn is made up of 94% of hydrogen and 6% helium

Distance/days/years

The distance of the planet to the sun is 1.429 billion km!

The rotation length of one day is 10 hours 42 minutes

The length of a year on saturn in earth hours is 29.46

SATURN

Saturn's Moons

Saturn has 53 moons in total, some of them are called Titan, Pandora, and Rhea. The moon Titan even has its own atmosphere and that's very unusual for a moon.

Surface Features/Layers of the planetSaturn is nothing like earth. Instead it is a gas planet, it is made up of 94% hydrogen and 6% helium. Hydrogen and Helium are what most stars are made of. It is said that Saturn is has a deep molten, rocky core about the size of earth. Saturn has many layers and they are pictured -->

UranusBy: Ariana Kreager and Adam Moule

Ratio Compared to the Sun

The ratio is 26.8 to 1.

That's

Uranus

Period of Rotation a Day

As you know, one day in planet Earth is 24 hours. In the planet Uranus, there is 17 hours and 14 minutes in one day. If you didn’t know, one rotation of the planet is how we have our days.

Period of Revolutions a YearOn planet Earth there are 365 days in one year. That means it takes 365 days to circle the sun one time. On the other hand, Uranus takes 31,000 days because it is so much further out.

Number of Moons

Uranus has 27 moons.1.Cordelia

2.Ophelia

3.Bianca

4.Cressida

5.Desdemona

6.Juliet

7.Portia

8.Rosalind

9.Mab

10.Belinda

11.Perdita

12.Puck

13.Cupid

14.Miranda

15.Francisco

16.Ariel

17.Umbriel

18.Titania

19.Oberon

20.Caliban

21.Stephano

22.Trinculo

23.Sycorax

24.Margaret

25.Prospero

26.Setebos

27. Ferdinand

Layers of the PlantThe first layer is hydrogen,helium,and methane. Next is liquid hydrogen, then icy water,ammonia and methane. The core is molten rock.

Orbital Radius

An orbital radius is the distance of the planet from the sun. Uranus is 2,870,658,000 km (19.2 AU) away from the sun.

Surface FeaturesUranus is a plant that has no solid features. It is a gas planet along with Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune. The atmosphere is mainly made up of hydrogen, and helium. Although there are traces of water, ammonia, and methane.

RANDOM FACTS!!!!!!!!!!

Uranus was the first planet to be seen with a telescope.

The coldest planet -224 degrees celsius.

Uranus moons were named after characters created by william shakespeare and Alexander Pope.

Only 1 spaceship has flown by uranus.

Uranus

By: Bailey and Campbell

Information

Distance of planet to the sun diameter in km- 2, 875 million km

Number of moons- Uranus has 27 moons and some are half made of ice

Fact: Uranus is the coldest planet in the Solar System , Uranus orbits the sun on its side, A Season on Uranus lasts one long day .

This means that a single year on Uranus lasts as long as 30,688.5 Earth days

Surface Feature

Uranus is a giant gas planet with no solid surface. It’s Atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium.

Information

Rotation time in one day.

Uranus rotates in under a day it rotates in 17 hours and 14 minutes.

Scale Information

If the sun was 10 km uranus would be 0.3644km

conversion: Sun: 1.3914 million = 10 km

Uranus: 50,724 = 0.3644

If the sun had a diameter of 10 km uranus would be 0.2875 km away from the sun.

Information

Layers of Planets● Outer

Atmosphere● Atmosphere● Mantle● Core

Neptune

By:Hayden Breuker, Donte Taylor, Conor Evans

Did You know……..● Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun ● last of the known planets.● it is the third largest planet ● Neptune was named after the Roman god of the Sea● It is the fourth largest planet in terms of diameter● It takes Neptune 164.8 Earth years to orbit the Sun.● It takes 16 hours to rotate on its axis● Neptune was discovered by Jean Joseph Le Verrier.

How Many Moons Does Neptune Have

Neptune has 14 moons

Triton (one of Neptune’s moons) was discovered October 10

1846 by english astronomer William Lassell.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triton_(moon)

Layers of the planet1. Outer atmosphere, thin

clouds2. Inner atmosphere

containing chemicals such as hydrogen, helium and methane gas

3. Mantle containing materials like water, ammonia and methane ices

4. Core that contains of rock

4,498,116,480 Km.

All About Pluto!

By: Lily Glowzinski & Galaxy-Chan AKA Kira Schultz

Everything you need or want to know about Pluto!

The Distance From Pluto To The Sun

The distance from Pluto to the Sun is 5.9 billion Km. More specifically, it is 5,906,376,272 km.

Sun

Pluto is really tiny compared to the sun. Compared to the sun, Pluto looks like a piece of dust.

Pluto

= 500,000 Km

Length of Pluto’s day

Pluto’s length of 1 day is equivalent to 6.39 days on Earth. This is also called the period of rotation.

Length of Pluto’s Year

One year on Pluto is equivalent to 247.92 Earth years. This is also called the Period of Revolution.

Number of Moons

Pluto has Five moons. It’s five moons are Charon, Hydra, Kerberos, Nix, and Styx.

Charon KerberosHydra

Nix Styx

Pluto’s Layers

Pluto has about 20 haze layers above it. These layers are not always parallel to Pluto’s surface and reach over many Kilometers. Pluto also most likely has a rocky core that is surrounded by a mantle of water ice. Finally, the crust of Pluto is made of frozen nitrogen.

Pluto’s Orbital Radius

Pluto’s Orbital Radius is 30 to 49 AU’s

Photos

Pluto’s Surface Features

Pluto is probably made of a 70 percent rock and 30 percent water ice. Pluto probably has a core surrounded by water ice, with more ices such as methane, carbon monoxide and nitrogen ice on the surface.

Credit to google when you search “what is pluto’s surface features”

Fun Fact

Pluto was named after the Roman God of the Underworld.

Pluto By: Mackenzie Kilano and Karli Fahey

Pluto’s Features★ Pluto is approximately 5.9 billion kilometers from the Sun★ The Period of Rotation is 639 Earth days★ The Period of Revolution is 248 Earth years★ Pluto has 5 moons

○ Charon, Hydra, Kerberos, Nix and Stryx★ Pluto has a small, rocky core made of metals and an icy outer

layer★ Its atmosphere is composed of Nitrogen, Methane and Carbon

Monoxide★ Pluto’s surface is very icy, and its surface temperature is about

-380.2℉

Scale★ If the Sun had a diameter of 10 kilometers then Pluto

would have a diameter of 0.0170503597122 kilometers★ The Sun’s original diameter is 1.39 million kilometers.

We divided 1.39 by 10 and it equaled 139,000. Pluto’s original diameter is 2,370 kilometers. Then, we divided 2,370 by 139,000 and it equaled 0.0170503597122

★ If the Sun had a diameter 10 kilometers then Pluto would be about 42,446 kilometers away

Fun Facts

★ Pluto is one third water★ Pluto's orbit crosses neptune's orbit★ Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006★ Pluto has a heart shape on its surface★ Pluto is smaller than 7 of the moons in our solar

system

Pluto’s Moons

Charon

Hydra

Kerberos

Hix

Stryx

Works Cited

https://space-facts.com/pluto/

https://www.geek.com/feature/11-awesome-facts-about-the-lovable-dwarf-planet-pluto-1629

287/

https://www.space.com/43-pluto-the-ninth-planet-that-was-a-dwarf.html

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/pluto/basic