mesoamerican/pre -columbian art. the aztecs background the aztec civilization dominated large parts...
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Mesoamerican/Pre-Columbian
Art
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The Aztecs
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Background• The Aztec civilization
dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries.
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Background Continued
• Around 1300 CE, about 200 years after the Maya Indians disappeared, a wandering tribe of Indians wandered into the Valley of Mexico. These people were called the Aztecs.
• When the Aztecs arrived in the Valley of Mexico, other tribes were already in residence.
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Becoming an Empire
• After a while, they began to conquer the neighboring tribes. They conquered first one tribe, and then another, and then another. They expanded and expanded until they had built an empire.
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Decline• Around 1500 CE, Spanish
Conquistadors arrived.
• The Spanish brought guns, horses, huge fighting dogs, and disease.
• By the mid-1500’s, the Aztec Empire had collapsed, and the Spanish took over.
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Aztec Art• Ancient Aztec art was primarily a form
of religious expression and a means for paying tribute to their gods.
• The people of the empire had an appreciation for a wide variety of insects, birds, fish and animals. A lot of their art reflected this. Animals were common themes.
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Examples of Art- Aztec Pottery
- Aztec Sculptures
- Aztec Drawings (Pictographs)
- Aztec Ritual Art (Masks & Tattoos)
- Aztec Idols
- Aztec Double Headed figures• Art could be made with gold, silver, copper,
jewels, feathers, coral, clay and stone
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The Aztec Calendar
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Aztec Calendar• It is perhaps the most famous Aztec
sculpture in Aztec art history• This sculpture weighs an amazing 22 metric
tons and is 12 feet in diameter. • The face of Tonathiuh, the Aztec Sun God
can be found carved in the center of the stone.
• Surrounding the middle are 4 squares which are interpreted to be the 4 seasons.
• Circular bands symbolizing the heavens and the days are located around the face.
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Tlaloc The Rain God“He Who Makes Things
Sprout”• One of the oldest identifiable
deities of Mesoamerica• The god was believed to give
rain at the beginning of each planting season
• Tlaloc’s shrine is in the Temple Mayor, the Aztec’s main temple in Tenochtitlan
• This mask was typically painted blue and composed of spectacle-like disks for eyes, a twisted nose and fangs
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The Incas
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Background Information
• The Incas began as a tribe in the Cuzco area.
• Founded the Kingdom of Cuzco around 1200.
• They would be in current
day Peru.
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Religion• The Inca were polytheists which means
they believed in many different gods.
• One of their main gods was Viracocha, who was believed to be the creator of the Inca.
• Another god, Inti, was the Sun God
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Religion• They also believed silver was the tears
of the moon, and gold was believed to be the sweat of the sun.
• The Inca felt they had a very good relationship with the gods.
• Priests were thought to be able to do the bidding of the gods, so they were highly honored and often part of the royal family.
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Religion• Huacas were widespread around the Inca
Empire. • Huacas were entities that resided in natural
objects such as mountains, boulders, streams, battle fields, other meeting places, and any type of place that was connected with past Incan rulers.
• The Inca were a deeply religious people. They feared that evil would befall at any time.
• They also believed in reincarnation, saving their nail clippings, hair cuttings and teeth in case the returning spirit needed them
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Government• The rulers of the Inca civilization were
members of royal dynasties or families. • The emperor was called Inca. No other
people really were called Inca, but over time this term came to mean the society in general.
• The high priest, governors, and generals were important members of the royal council.
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Art Work• The Incan craftsmen achieved a high
degree of respect and honor because of their skills in arts and crafts.
• They sculpted pottery which featured geometric designs painted in
black, red, brown, yellow,
and white.
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Art Work• Incan weavers wove beautiful textiles
from alpaca, llama, and vicuña wool and from cotton.
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Art Work• Metalworkers make ornaments, tools,
and weapons out silver, copper, gold, and bronze.
• Because llamas were very protected in the Andean region, lots of
stylized llama figures
were made by
metalworkers.
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Art Work• Female statues
were often found with Incan
offerings to the gods.
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Architecture• Famous
architecture
• This is called the MACHU PICCHU CITADEL. It is unsure exactly what this was designed for.
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Other- Nazca Lines
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Nazca Lines• These lines are a
series of giant ancient geoglyphs etched into the deserts of Peru
• The lines cover about 400 square miles, and about 300 figures have been documented
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-
Nazca Lines cont.-Scholars believe that
these lines were created by the Nazca people,
who could also be considered Incan.
-Many other people speculate that the lines
could have been the work of aliens
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The Mayans
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Religion• Maya religion of western Honduras,
Guatemala, Belize, and Mexico (Chiapas and Yucatán) is a southeastern variant of Mesoamerican religion
• Mayan tales in which personified forces of nature, deities, and the heroes
• Mayan religion is a contradistinction to orthodox Roman Catholic
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Religion• Polytheistic• Offerings and Sacrifices
– Relations with the after-life– Deer, dogs, quail, turkey, fish, on occasion
humans
• Ritual Topography– Mountains, wells, caves assigned to ancestors
and deities
• Costumbre– “custom”, habitual religious practice
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Architecture• Houses
• Temples– In honor of kings
• Courtyards
• Immense horizontal floors
• Steep stair cases
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Tikal• Region of the Petén Basin in what is
now northern Guatemala
• “ti ak'al”
– at the waterhole
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Mayan Painting• Due to the humid and airy climate of
central America few Mayan paintings have survived
• Bonampak Murals: These bright and rich colored murals decorated the inside of a temple. The images depict scenes of nobility, battle and sacrifice.
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Bonampak Murals
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Mayan Sculpture• The Mayans created a multitude of
sculptures, using mostly stone, wood, stucco and jade.
• Most sculptures were either portraits depicting leaders disguised as Gods, stone lintels, or altars
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Portrait of K'inich Janaab Pakal I
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THE ENDBy: Jess, Abby, Allie,
Brian, Tony, Will and Ricky