metabolism energy of life. metabolic pathways anabolic pathwayscatabolic pathways
TRANSCRIPT
Metabolism
Energy of Life
Metabolic Pathways
Anabolic Pathways Catabolic Pathways
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy can be transferred or transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the Universe
Free Energy
Gibbs Equation
G = H – TSG – Change in Free energy
H – Change in Total energy
T – Absolute temperature in Kelvin
S – Change in Entropy
Free Energy and Metabolism
Free Energy and MetabolismExergonic Reactions
Release of energy
-G
Spontaneous
Downhill
More energy in reactants than in products
Ex. Cellular Respiration• -686 kcal/mol
Ex. ATP ADP + P• -7.3 kcal/mol
Endergonic ReactionsAbsorbs energy
+G
Nonspontaneous
Uphill
More energy in products than in reactants
Ex. Photosynthesis• +686 kcal/mol
Ex. ADP + P ATP• +7.3 kcal/mol
Enzymes
Biological Catalyst
Speed up metabolic reactions by lowering the energy of activation
Enzymes
Substrate Specific
Active Site
Induced Fit
Recycled
Enzymes
InhibitorsCompetitive
Noncompetitive
Enzymes
Allosteric Sites
Cooperativity
Feedback Inhibition
Pathway switched off