Metabolism

Summary

Energy

Define Types High Energy

Compounds Examples Use

Formation Processes Byproducts

Other definitions Calorie Exergonic Endergonic

Metabolism

Define Parts/Divisions Requirements E pathways

Proteins Fats Carbohydrates

Enzyme

Define Parts Examples and function Denature Inhibitors

Types Competitive Noncompetitive

Reactions Reversible Irreversible

Enzyme Inhibition

Noncompetitive

Carbohydrate Catabolism

Types Embden-Meyerhof (EM) Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) Entner-Duodoroff (ED)

Compare / Contrast Location Starting substrate Important steps “End” products (intermediaries)

EM

PPP

ED

Anaerobic Pathways

Pathway EM PPP ED

LocationSubstrate

CytoplasmGlucose

CytoplasmG6P

CytoplasmGlucose

Steps 2 parts 6C 3C

Different sugars (4-7C)ribulose

PhosphogluconicGlyceraldehyde

Products 2 Pyruvate2 ATP2 NADH2 H+

Pyruvate & Fructose6 CO212 NADPH12 H+

2 Pyruvate1 ATP1 NADPH1 NADH2 H+

Bacterium E-M PPP E-D

Acetobacter aceti - + -

Bacillus subtilis major minor -

E. coli + - -

Lactobacillus acidophilus

+ - -

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

- - +

Vibrio cholera minor - major

Glycolytic Pathways used by various Bacteria

Fermentation

Define Process

Names Start End

Acid Alcohol

By-products CO2 H2 H20 ATP

Aerobic Respiration

Define Where occurs Process

Pathways TCA OP

Requirements Substrate Products Importance

Pyruvate pathways

TCA

Redox

ETC Redox reactions

Eukaryotic ETC

Prokaryote ETC location

Animation

Prokaryotic ETC ATP formation

ATP ATP

ATP

Anaerobic Respiration

Use of another compound than O2 as final electron acceptor in the ETC

Examples Nitrate ion NO3-

[Pseudomonas, E coli, Bacillus] NO2- N2O N2

Sulfate ion SO4= to H2S Methanogens

Carbonate ion CO3= to CH4

Methanogens

Metabolic Pathway Comparison

animation

Micro Laboratory Tests

Acid Fermentation CO2 production Oxidase Nitrate reduction Methyl Red Voges-Proskauer TSI

Decarboxylation TSI Deamination Enzyme digestion

(starch, lipid, protein)

VP +

Biosynthesis

Functions

Polysaccharide Cell wall components LPS

Lipid Cell wall Plasma membranes

AA/Protein Cell wall / membrane

components Enzymes Toxins

Nucleotide DNA RNA ATP NAD NADP

MetabolismSummary