Metallurgy Group

David Dobbs Scott Jones Minh Nguyen Marc Rubin

Objectives Extract metals from ore Create efficient die Create coin using the metal

Procedure History of making bronze Make crucible from clay Measure amount of chemicals Metallurgy, using bronze to make

coins.

History of Bronze First signs of Bronze Uses of Bronze in Ancient cultures Methods of making Bronze

-ancient-modern

Fun Facts

“Bronze”. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2001. http://encarta.msn.com (25 Sept. 2001).

First Signs of Bronze 3500 BC-First created by the

ancient Sumerians. 3000 BC-Bronze spreads to Persia. 2000 BC-Bronze in China and Egypt. 650 BC-330 AD- Hellenistic culture

uses bronze.

“Bronze”. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2001. http://encarta.msn.com (25 Sept. 2001).

Use of Bronze Ancient use: The accidental

discovery of bronze in cooking fires.

China: Pour metal into molds for spoons and/or pottery.

Greece/Rome: Used to forge coins and make weapons.

Bronze making process Ancient: accidentally made when rocks

with natural tin and copper ore were used as the campfire ring.

Modern: The tin and copper are first “roasted”- blowing oxygen across the heated metal ore to get rid of impurities.

Both: heat until over 1000°C to combine the 2 metals.

Fun Facts The bronze our group constructed

destroyed steel. We used 15 tons of pressure from

a hydraulic pump to mash the bronze into a coin between 2 plates of steel.

End result: the bronze made a lasting indention in steel: (picture)

15 tons of pressure + bronze = destroyed steel

Making a Crucible From dirt to clay. Shaping your crucible. Dry it. Add the chemicals. FIRE!

From Dirt to Clay Grinding the dirt into powder. Adding water.

Shaping Your Crucible Different methods presented to us.

Dry it Leaving it out over night.

Drying in the oven.

Add the Chemicals Layering the chemicals.

FIRE! The kiln. Chemical reactions.

Mixing Chemicals

We Want to obtain bronze. Mix copper carbonate(CuCO3) and tin

oxide(SnO) in a 5:1 ratio Weigh chemical compounds

-5 g.CuCO3 and 1 g. SnO

-3 g. of Na2CO3

-5 grams of charcoal (C)

Mixed Chemicals

CuCO3 and SnO Na2CO3Charcoal (C)

Placing Compounds in Crucible

Lowest layer mixture of CuCO3 and SnO

Middle layer, flux Na2CO3

Top layer, charcoal

Chemical Equations 2 CuCO3(s) + C(s) 2 Cu(s) + 2 CO2(g)

2 SnO(s) + C(s) 2 Sn(s) + CO2(g)

Compounds layered in crucible are placed in kiln

The compounds are heated in an oxidizing atmosphere at 1000 °C.

Chemical Equation Cont.

Na2CO3 is used as a fluxing agent Pure metal ores, copper and tin

come together to form bronze.

Eureka We have created

a metal bead from the ore.

Making the Die Anything etched in the die will

create a mirror image. We made a smilie face on one side

and “CC” on the other side.

Making the Die We used a punch, drill and

chisel to etch our image into the end of the punch.

Striking the Coin

It was necessary to heat the metal bead with a torch.

Then we whacked it.

FINAL PRODUCT

Just kidding

Final Product