method cards
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Thanks to
We would like to express our deepest thanks and gratitude to thefollowing individuals and firms who have helped make this methodcollection come true.
The people at e-Types, who initiated the first method collection in 2005together with Silje Kamille Friis as part of her Industrial PhD project
Conscious Design Practice as a Strategic Tool. We owe e-Types bigthanks for allowing us to reuse parts of t he material in this collection.
Dr Min Basadur, Professor of Innovation at the Michael G. DeGrooteSchool of Business at McMaster University and Founder of BasadurApplied Creativity, who has allowed us to share some of the uniqueapproaches which he has developed as part of the Simplex System.
Lotte Dars, Associate Professor at Department of Learning, AarhusUniversity and the founder of the LAICS, Leadership and Innovationin Complex Systems master programme, who has been an inspiringrole model for years and is responsible for several of the methods
presented here.
Annette Tingstrup, who contributes with a number of approaches tostrategy making and who developed Discover Cards together withSilje Kamille Friis.
Anne Louise Bang, Pia Pedersen, and Kirsten Bonde Srensen atKolding School of Design for their contributions and suggestions.
The 4th semester students at Kolding Sc hool of Design, who in thespring of 2011 experimented with several of the methods in thiscollection and shared their reactions with us as part of the DesignMethods course.
Design student Mai Boline Bjerre Jrgensen for capturing the spiritand meaning of the methods in the illustrations and layout of thecards and graphic designer Poul Allan Bruun for designing themethod collection packaging and brochure.
Finally, we would like to thank Lone Dalsgaard Andr, MathildeAggebo, Rikke Hansen, Arne Vollertsen, Margrethe Ellegaard Hansen,Marianne Baggesen Hilger, and Bo Severin Bruun at Kolding School ofDesign for their support and advice.
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In the process of producing the collection, all methods have gonethrough extensive iteration. First at strategic design firm e-Types, whoinitiated the method cards together with Silje Kamille Friis in 2005Since then, teachers as well a s 2nd and 3rd year students at KoldingSchool of Design have explored and commented on the methods.Some methods have thus been aba ndoned or changed entirely, andnew ones have been added, for instance the methods by Min Basadurand Lotte Dars, who most kindly have allowed us to share their
unique approaches to creative team work.
We welcome and appreciate any feedback. Please contact us on thesee-mail addresses:[email protected] and [email protected] School of Design looks forward to hearing from you, and wehope you will enjoy the cards!
DSKD Method Cards
The DSKD Method Cards is a collection of methods developed andused by practitioners and theorists working in the fields of designand innovation. The principal purpose of the DSKD Method Cardsis to create a collective process language to be used by individuals,teams, leaders, and facilitators in relation to different types of designinitiatives.
The collection consists of 62 methods , which have been designed inthe form of individual cards in order to facilitate collaboration. Eachcard consists of a picture side and a text side explaining the methodand providing an example of how to apply it. The cards are classifiedas five suits covering activities of the creative process: Collaborate,Collect, Comprehend, Conceptualise, and Create.
We acknowledge that the method descriptions are concise and mighttherefore not do full justice to the knowledge and experience onwhich they are founded. Whenever possible, we have put down thereference. However, our referencing is not complete, since many of the
methods have a history that goes far back, and it would be impossibleto acknowledge everyone, who has influenced the development ofone particular approach.
All of the methods can be used in different ways and at various stagesof the creative process. They change with the people who use themand the context within which they operate, which means that there isa steady development of new ways of working. Thus, the deck shouldserve as a springboard for new methods in professional practices andorganisations and within educational institutions.
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The four categories can be seen to represent sequences in a processstarting with collecting information, comprehending the information,conceptualising new opportunities, and finalising by creatingprototypes or carrying out exper iments. While this is certainly oneoption, there are many different approaches to design and innovtion,and it is possible to start with any one of the five categories, forinstance by making real-life experiments (Create), by generating ideas(Conceptualise), by analysing and organising existing material
(Comprehend) or by working on the tea m relations (Collaborate).You can even move back and forth between the phases of the creativeprocess.
*) Herbert A. Simon, 1969, The Sciences of the Artificial, The MIT Press
The model illustrates different approaches to knowledge productionin the creative process: Collecting and Comprehending informationabout the existing situation on one side of the circle, and producingnew opportunities through Concepts and Creations on the other.Collaboration is at the core of the creative process.
The Concept
The model on the opposite page illustrates the underlying dynamicsof the five method categories. Four of the categories relate directlyto phases in the creative process and represent particular ways ofproducing knowledge: Collect , Comprehend, Conceptualise, andCreate.
Usually, we do not think of the Conceptualise and Create categoriesas producing knowledge. However, in relation to creative processesthis approach makes sense. According to the Nobel Prize winner,Herbert A. Simon, The natural sciences are concerned with howthings are design on the other hand, is concerned with how thingsought to be.* To come full circle in a desig n or innovation process,one usually has to produce knowledge about the existing situation aswell as the possible future.
You can produce knowledge about what is by collecting inform ation,for instance through interviews and observation.
You can produce knowledge about what is by comprehending, forinstance by organising and analysing information.
You can produce knowledge about what might be by conceptualising,for instance by ideation and evaluation.
You can produce knowledge about what might be by creation, forinstance by experimenting and building models.
Create Collect
Conceptualise Comprehend
CollaborateCreating knowledgeabout what might be
Creating knowledgeabout what is
Creating knowledgeby experience
Creating knowledgeby thinking
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Conceptualise38. Scenarios39. Success Criteria Grid40. Telescoping41. Hypothesis Meeting42. Category Shift
43. Multi Perspectives44. Take a Different Path45. 5 Senses46. Inverse Brainstorm47. Discover Cards48. Rip49. Indirect Inspiration50. Direct Inspiration51. Brainstorm52. Let Go
Create
53. Sketching Together54. The Muse55. Creative Constraints56. Prototyping57. Universes58. Prototyping Behaviour59. Collaging60. Video Prototyping61. Informing by Characters62. Storytelling
Getting Started
With 62 method cards in front of you, you might think: how on earthdo I get started?Depending on your situation, you might choose different avenues.
If you have a project starting tomorrow We suggest that you start out by reading the cases displayed in this
folder. They will show you how others have put together projects andbring forward examples of methods from the five categories. Thiswill provide you with a good starting point for selecting your ownmethods and where to look further.
If you want to include the team in the process You could start out by dividing the cards between the team members.Give them a set time to read & understand. You can either have thembriefly present the methods to each other or move straight ahead tocreating the process together.Use the Road Map method (02) as inspiration.
If there is no time pressure and you are curious Start out by reading the cases in this folder to get a sense of the spanof the methods. Do not go ahead and read all the methods at once; asthis becomes incredibly tedious. Build a tower using the cards or pinthem to a wall and pick the ones, which you are drawn to. Then readthem and let go. The method s will come to you when you need them.
The Methods
Collaborate1. Codex2. Road Map3. Body Map4. Who is Around the Table?5. Check In & Check Out
6. Team Time Out7. Positive Feedback8. Prototyping Space
Collect9. Photo Boards10. Document Collect11. E-mail Questionnaires12. Personal Narratives13. The Observer14. Experience Mapping15. 100+ Communication
16. Probe Kits17. Discover in Situ18. Biography19. Open Questions20. Being a Tourist21. Under the Skin22. Sort Cards23. Investigate Opposites
Comprehend24. Repertory Grid25. Clusters26. Visualising Data
27. Photo Inquiry28. Day Cycle29. Personas30. Users in the Future31. Visual Thinking32. Challenge Framing33. Challenge Mapping34. Logbook35. Positioning Diagram36. Data Wall37. Three Circles Map
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References and suggestions for further reading
Bang, Anne Louise, and Nissen, Kirsten, 2009, Facilitating Teamworkin the Design Process: Repertory Grid as an Approach to ExploratoryInquiry, NORDES, Nordic Design Research Conference
Basadur, Min, 1994, Flight to Creativity. How to dramatically improveyour creative performance, AC Press
Boland, Richard J. and Collopy, Fred, 2004, Managing as Designing,Stanford Business Books
Dars, Lotte, 2001, Innovation in the Making, Samfundslitteratur
Dars, Lotte, 2011, Innovationspdagogik. Kunsten at fremelskeinnovationskompetence, Samfundslitteratur
Dars, Lotte and Ibbotson, Piers, 2008, Directing Creativity: The Art andCraft of Creative Leadership, Journal of Management & Organiz ation,2008, vol. 14, pp. 548-559
e-Types, www.e-types.com
Friis, Silje Alberthe Kamille, 2006, Conscious Design Practice as aStrategic Tool, Thesis in collaboration with e-Types, e-Types print
Gaver, Bill; Dunne, Tony & Pacenti, Elena: Cultural probesin Interactions, vol. 6, issue 1, pp. 21-29, Jan/Feb, 1999
Gelting, Anne Katrine G., 2010, Design methods
in practice at Kolding School of Design, Laboratory for Design,Innovation and Sustainability. Project report.
IDEO Method Cards, 2002, William Stout Architectural Books,San Francisco
Mattelmki, Tuuli, 2006, Design Probes,University of Art and Design Helsinki
Kelley, Tom, with Littman, Jonathan, 2005, The Ten Faces ofInnovation, Currency Doubleday
Pedersen, Pia, 2012, upcoming paper,Visualizing Transformation, DSKD
Roam, Dan, 2008, The Back of the Napkin. Solving Problemsand Selling Ideas with Pictures, Portfolio, Penguin Books
Simon, Herbert A. 1969, The Sciences of the Artificial, The MIT Press
Srensen, Kirst en Bonde, 2011, When designing emergesinto strategies in an organization and in individuals,Kolding School of Design
Times Online, April 13th 2004 Theyve got it! Science grasps eurekamoment,http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/health/article822534.ece (240711)
The Kolding School of Designgade 106000 KoldingDenmark
Copyright 2011All rights reserved,including the right of reproduction
in whole or in part in any form.Silje Kamille Friis & Anne Katrine Gelting
Graphic design by Mai Boline Bjerre Jrgensen (the cards)and Poul Allan Bruun (the brochure)
The text is set in The Wave and ID00 Serifby e-Typeshttps://playtype.com
Printed in DenmarKBy Clausen Grafisk ApSOdense, Denmark
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The Kolding School of Design
The Kolding School of Design (DSKD) is an independent higher institutionunder the auspices of the Danish Ministry of Culture. The school has recentlygained status as Design University and educates bachelor and master students.In addition, the school offers a Masters education in Design Management incollaboration with the University of Southern Denmark (SDU). As of January2011, DK also hosts the master level Interaction Design Program at Copenhagen
Institute of Interaction Design (CIID). There are presently 390 students distributedacross six design domains of study: Graphic Design, Illustration Design, FashionDesign, Textile Design, Industrial Design and Interactive Design, and 14 PhDstudents of which 4 are Industrial PhD students.For further reading go to www.dskd.dk