Park restauration in The Netherlands: stand still or continue?Examples: ca. 1700 classicistic gardens (Palace Het Loo); ca. 1800 landscape gardens (House Beeckestijn) and ca. 1900 gardenesque and neo-baroque gardens (House Clingendael).► Research before restauration:Research before restauration:A. A. Characteristics of situation, orientation, geomorphology, Characteristics of situation, orientation, geomorphology,

soil of the place (genius of the place);soil of the place (genius of the place);B.B. Characteristics and analysis of available concepts and Characteristics and analysis of available concepts and

documents (in different layers / periods) and control with documents (in different layers / periods) and control with field stuies (excavation); field stuies (excavation);

C.C. Characteristics of historical plants and plantations (in Characteristics of historical plants and plantations (in different layers / periods);different layers / periods);

D. D. Restauration plan, based on these characteristics and Restauration plan, based on these characteristics and advertising to which garden period(s) one should advertising to which garden period(s) one should emphasize and why.emphasize and why.

E.E. Expert meeting and official approvals.Expert meeting and official approvals.

Restauration or reconstruction or renovation.Restauration or reconstruction or renovation.

Classicistic gardens ca. Classicistic gardens ca. 17001700

What are the most important What are the most important characteristics / hard characteristics / hard structures of Dutch classicistic structures of Dutch classicistic gardens?gardens?

We see a (long) vista with We see a (long) vista with crosspaths; sunken gardens crosspaths; sunken gardens with terraces around, with terraces around, symmetry, enclosed gardens symmetry, enclosed gardens as part of the main garden, as part of the main garden, parterres (with flowers), parterres (with flowers), cabinets and mazes, basins, cabinets and mazes, basins, fountains, trellice works, fountains, trellice works, colonnade. House and basins colonnade. House and basins are mostly layed out on the are mostly layed out on the pricipal axis.pricipal axis.

Incidently water canals around, Incidently water canals around, high yew hedges. high yew hedges.

Ca. 1700. Palace het Loo, Apeldoorn. Ca. 1700. Palace het Loo, Apeldoorn. A. Characteristics of situation, orientation, A. Characteristics of situation, orientation, geomorphology, soil of the place (genius of the place).geomorphology, soil of the place (genius of the place).

l. l. map of 1976 map of 1976 beforebefore reconstruction; r. Google map 2010 reconstruction; r. Google map 2010

B1. Characteristics and analysis of available concepts B1. Characteristics and analysis of available concepts and documents (in different layers / periods) and control and documents (in different layers / periods) and control with field study with field study

l. C. P. van Staden, ca. 1725; l. C. P. van Staden, ca. 1725; r. T. H. Reetz, 1706. r. T. H. Reetz, 1706.

B2.B2. Characteristics and analysis of available concepts Characteristics and analysis of available concepts and documents(in different layers / periods) and control and documents(in different layers / periods) and control with field studywith field study

l. concept P. W. Schonk, l. concept P. W. Schonk, 1773; 1773; r.a. painting by A. r.a. painting by A. Schelfhout 1838; Schelfhout 1838; r.b. situation P. r.b. situation P. Broekhoven 1812Broekhoven 1812

C. Characteristics of historical plants and plantations (ca. C. Characteristics of historical plants and plantations (ca. 1700).1700).

Botanical sources for 17th century garden plants:Botanical sources for 17th century garden plants: l. the book l. the book Den Nederlandtsen hovenier Den Nederlandtsen hovenier by Jan van der Groenby Jan van der Groen, , 16691669; ; r. the manuscript r. the manuscript Hortus Regius Honselaerdicensus Hortus Regius Honselaerdicensus by Stephan Cousijns,by Stephan Cousijns, ca. 1690. ca. 1690.

Garden plants from the Garden plants from the Hortus Regius Honselaerdicensis, Hortus Regius Honselaerdicensis, ca. 1690.ca. 1690.

Restauration results of the 20th and 21st centuryRestauration results of the 20th and 21st century(1980; 2008)(1980; 2008)

Problems? Old trees; box decease; hostalite (PVC) or Problems? Old trees; box decease; hostalite (PVC) or corten steel.corten steel.

Landscape gardens around Landscape gardens around 1800.1800.What are the most important What are the most important characteristics / hard structures characteristics / hard structures of Dutch landscape gardens?of Dutch landscape gardens?

We see a small scaled and We see a small scaled and enclosed (later open) landscape enclosed (later open) landscape with old avenues or a fringed with old avenues or a fringed vista and curved avenues; open vista and curved avenues; open meadows or corn fields with a meadows or corn fields with a stroll around; woods mostly stroll around; woods mostly planted with oak and beech planted with oak and beech trees; paths alongside the trees; paths alongside the borders, with alternate views to borders, with alternate views to the surroundings; coppice the surroundings; coppice forests; sometimes a brook with forests; sometimes a brook with waterfall; rustic bridges and waterfall; rustic bridges and fences; garden houses and fences; garden houses and follies. follies. Later: flowering shrubs or flower Later: flowering shrubs or flower beds around the house; a big beds around the house; a big pond behind the house; artificial pond behind the house; artificial hills. hills.

Ca. 1800. House Beeckestijn, VelsenCa. 1800. House Beeckestijn, Velsen A. Characteristics of situation, orientation, A. Characteristics of situation, orientation, geomorphology, soil of the place (genius of the place). geomorphology, soil of the place (genius of the place).

l. l. map of 1952 map of 1952 beforebefore reconstruction r. Google map 2010 reconstruction r. Google map 2010

B. Characteristics and analysis of available concepts and B. Characteristics and analysis of available concepts and documents (in different layers / periods) and control with documents (in different layers / periods) and control with field study.field study.L. L. J. G. Michael, 1772; m. Land register map 1811-1832 (coloured J. G. Michael, 1772; m. Land register map 1811-1832 (coloured copy); copy);

r. situation ca. r. situation ca. 1850.1850.

C. Characteristics of historical plants and plantations (in C. Characteristics of historical plants and plantations (in different layers / periods).different layers / periods).l. J. C. Krauss. l. J. C. Krauss. Afbeeldingen …Boomen en heesters…Afbeeldingen …Boomen en heesters…(to apply in (to apply in landscape gardens), 1802-1808; r. examples of 18th century landscape gardens), 1802-1808; r. examples of 18th century American Cornus species from this book.American Cornus species from this book.

Restauration results of the seventies and the nineties Restauration results of the seventies and the nineties (20th cent.)(20th cent.)

Gardenesque gardens (rich plant diversity) around 1900:Gardenesque gardens (rich plant diversity) around 1900:roserose gardens, rock gardens, kitchen gardens, decorative gardens, rock gardens, kitchen gardens, decorative flower beds, neo-baroque gardens (Clingendael Park, flower beds, neo-baroque gardens (Clingendael Park, Wassenaar), Japanese gardens (Clingendael park, Wassenaar), Japanese gardens (Clingendael park, Wassenaar).Wassenaar). What are the characteristics / hard structures of Dutch gardenesque What are the characteristics / hard structures of Dutch gardenesque gardens?gardens?We see geometrical decorative flowerbeds around the house, We see geometrical decorative flowerbeds around the house, enclosed rose gardens, bulb gardens, neo-baroque parterres, enclosed rose gardens, bulb gardens, neo-baroque parterres, Japanese gardens, and rock/wall gardens all over the place. Bridges, Japanese gardens, and rock/wall gardens all over the place. Bridges, terraces and paviljons give an overview.terraces and paviljons give an overview.

Ca. 1900. ‘Dutch’ garden on Clingendael. Ca. 1900. ‘Dutch’ garden on Clingendael. A. Characteristics of situation, orientation, A. Characteristics of situation, orientation, geomorphology, soil of the place (genius of the place).geomorphology, soil of the place (genius of the place).

B1. Characteristics and analysis of available B1. Characteristics and analysis of available concepts and documents (in different layers / concepts and documents (in different layers / periods) and control with field study.periods) and control with field study.

l. land register map 1811-1832, with orchard;l. land register map 1811-1832, with orchard;r. reorganisation concept of C. E. A. Petzold, 1888 (partly r. reorganisation concept of C. E. A. Petzold, 1888 (partly completed)completed)

Pictures of ‘Dutch’ garden on Clingendael. Pictures of ‘Dutch’ garden on Clingendael. l. air photograph, 1933; l. air photograph, 1933; r.a. concept for the bridge by Leonard Springer, ca. 1881; r.a. concept for the bridge by Leonard Springer, ca. 1881; r.b. oldest picture of the garden with Swiss house, 1918; r.b. oldest picture of the garden with Swiss house, 1918; l.b. concept for look-out terrace by Leonard Springer, ca. 1881; l.b. concept for look-out terrace by Leonard Springer, ca. 1881;

C. Characteristics of historical plants and plantations C. Characteristics of historical plants and plantations (ca. 1900). (ca. 1900).

Book and title page of A. J. van Laren Book and title page of A. J. van Laren Decoratieve TuinbeplantingDecoratieve Tuinbeplanting, , 1913. The garden plants in this book were applied in the new 1913. The garden plants in this book were applied in the new Dutch garden.Dutch garden.

D. Restauration plan, based on these characteristics D. Restauration plan, based on these characteristics and advertising to which garden period(s) one should and advertising to which garden period(s) one should emphasize and why.emphasize and why.

Restauration resultsRestauration results

Drs Carla Oldenburger-EbbersDrs Carla Oldenburger-Ebberswww.historischetuinen.nlwww.historischetuinen.nl