UNIVERSITY KASDI MERBAH OUARGLA

Faculty of Letters and Languages

Department of Letters and English Language

Dissertation:

ACADEMIC MASTER

Domain: Letters and Foreign Languages

Major: Translation and Translation Studies

Submitted by: Lahcen KHEDRANE

Title:

Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

the Master Degree in Translation Studies

Publically defended

On: 60/60 2015

Before the Jury:

President: Mr.Youcef Ben Chikh UKM-Ouargla

Supervisor: Miss. Leila YAHYIAOUI UKM-Ouargla

Examiner: Mrs. Dalila BOURAHLA UKM-Ouargla

Academic Year: 2014 – 2015

Methods Applied in Translating Novel Titles

a Comparative Study of 100 Titles

From English into Arabic and vice versa

&

Academic Year: 2014 – 2015

لةورق -احـة قاصدي مربـجامع

ة اآلداب واللغاتـكلي

قسم اللغة اإلنجليزية

:مذكرة

ماستر أكاديمي

اآلداب واللغات األجنبية: ميدان

الترجمة وعلم الترجمة: إختصاص

لحسن خضران : إعداد

بعنوان:

الالتسكر في الكرجاة شهلدةنيل تسكمال مكلبال مذكرة مقدمة إل

نوقشت عبنيل80/80/5802يوم

أملم البجنة الامونة منالمشرف ورقلة -مرباح جامعة قاصدي يوسف بن الشيخ : رئيس اللجنة

ورقلة -ليلى يحياوي جامعة قاصدي مرباح:

ورقلة -دليلة بورحلة جامعة قاصدي مرباح: المناقش

اجراءات ترجمة عنوان الرواية عنوان مرتجم من االجنليزية اىل العربية و العكس 011دراسة مقارنة لـ

ل

4100 – 4102: السنة الجامعية

Dedications

I dedicate this work to my lovely parents

To my brothers and sisters

To my best friends

To my supervisor

To my great teachers

To all who helped me

Acknowledgments

I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Miss. Laila YAHIAOUI

for her patience and guidness to me.

I would like to thank Dr.Jamel GOUI for his continuous encouragements and

persistence to finish this year.

I am sincerely greatful to Mr.Ahmed BELARBI for his help and support.

My sincere thanks also go to all teachers at the Department of Letters and

English Languages at Kasdy Merbah University.

Lastly, I would like to thank my best friends ever, Takieddine kabdi,Takieddine

lachehab, and Hamza Maansri.

List of Abbreviations

ST: Source Text

TT: Target Text

SL: Source Language

TL: Target Language

SLT: Source Language Text

TLT: Target Language Text

Table of Contents

Page

I Dedication………………………………………………..………………………………..

II

III …………………………..................................................................... . Acknowledgments

IV List of abbriviations .……………………………………………………………………

V Table of contents... ………………………………………………………………………

General introduction……………………………………………………..…………………..1

1. Statement of the problem………………………………………………………………1

2. Aims of the study………………………………………………………………………1

3. Research questions……………………………………………………………………..1

4. Research hypothesis……………………………………………………………………1

5. Methodology…………………………………………………………………………...2

6. Limitations of the study………………………………………………………………..2

7. Structure of the dissertation……………………………………………………………2

Chapter One: On Translation and Title ……………………………………….……….3

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….…….4

1.1 The concept of Translation ………………..……………………….………………......4

1.1.1 Definition of translation…………………………………………………………........4

1.1.2 Methods of translation according to Newmark…………..…………………..............5

1.1.2.1 Literal translation …………………..…………………………………......................5

1.1.2.2 Free translation……………….…………………………………………………..….6

1.2 Definition of literary translation …………………………………………………….......6

1.3 Definition of title…………………………………………………………………….......8

1.3.1 Title dictionary definition………………………….………………………………....9

1.3.2 Some scholars’ definitions…………………………………………………………....9

1.4 The transaction zone…………………………………………………………………....10

1.5 The science of title……………………………………………………………………...11

1.6 Types and component of title…………………………………………………………...11

1.6.1 Types of titles…………………………………………………………………….....11

1.6.1.1 Generic title………………………………………………………….......................11

1.6.1.1.1 The main title………………………………………………………………........11

1.6.1.1.2 The subtitle………………………………………………………....................12

1.6.2 Component of title…………………………………………………………………..12

1.6.2.1 The structural dimension…………………………………………………………...12

1.6.2.1.1 The first type…………………………………………………………………….12

1.6.2.1.2 Second type………………………………………………...................................12

1.6.2.1.3 Third type……………………………………………..…………………………12

1.6.2.1.4 Fourth type………………………………………………....................................12

1.6.2.1.5 Fifth type………………………………………………………………………...12

1.6.2.2 The semantic dimension………………………………………………....................12

1.6.2.2.1 Doer component…………………………………………………………………12

1.6.2.2.2 Temporal component……………………………………………………...…….13

1.6.2.2.3 Spatial component………………………..………………………………...........13

1.6.2.2.4 Object component………………………………………………….....................13

1.7 Functions of title……………………………………………………………….…........13

1.7.1 Titling function……………………………………………………………………...14

1.7.2 The descriptive function…………………………………………………………….14

1.7.3 The inspirative function………………………………………………………......…14

1.7.4 The attractive function………………………………………………………………14

1.7.5 Communicative function………………………………………………………........14

1.7.6 Seductive function………………………………………………………..................14

1.8 Detachability and non-detachability………………………………………....................14

1.9 The publisher intentions ……………………….………………………………….........15

1.10 Newmark model of title translation ………………………………………………........15

1.11 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………...15

Chapter Two: Peter Newmark‘s Model of title translation ……….………...……...16

Introduction………………………………..……………………………………...........17

2.1 Definition of the data……………………………………………………………….17

2.2 Methods applied...………………………………………………………………….17

2.3 Sample of titles translation...……………………………………………………….17

2.3.1 Titles translated from English into Arabic …………………………….………17

2.3.2 Titles translated from Arabic into English…………………………….……….20

2.4 Interpretations of the translated titles ………...………………………..…………..22

2.5 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………23

2.6 General conclusion ………………………………………………………...…..…25

2.7 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………....26

Abstract

Introduction

1. Statement of the problem

Title is the first component that appears on the cover of literary work due to its

role in defining the writer’s work and revealing the content of the novel. Thus,

the publication enterprise as well as author/writers would prefer to formulate the

title after finishing the whole work. At the same time, translators will probably

do the same thing. The main concern of the translator is to make a decision

about the appropriate method that would serve to translate best the title taking

into account its structure and functions and render the meaning as well as the

intention of the ST as closely as possible to the TL reader.

2. Aims of the study

This study aims at discovering the methods that are used in the translation of

titles according to Peter Newmark’s model.

3. Research questions

Our study aims at addressing the following questions:

- Does literal translation serve best descriptive titles?

- Does free translation serve best allusive titles?

- Can we translate title without prior readings to the original text

4. Research hypothesis

It is believed that literal translation serves best descriptive titles because it

preserves their types, whereas free translation serves best the allusive

titles.

It is believed that titles are not detached from the text and therefore

translators cannot render any title without prior reading of the original text

5. Methodology

To answer the aforementioned questions, this research stands on comparative

study that helps us to describe the methods of title translation according to

Newmark’s model.

6. Structure of the dissertation

The present research is divided into two chapters, theoretical and practical one.

The first chapter is devoted to define the concept of translation, its methods, the

notion of title, its types and functions, along with the publisher intention about

title translation and Peter Newmark model of title translation. The second

chapter of this research is devoted to compare a set of 100 novels translated

titles from both languages (English and Arabic). Then we comment on some

translated titles according to peter Newmark model.

At last, the results that are included in the conclusion, will hopefully respond the

mentioned questions.

7. Limitation of the study

This study is established to describe a100 modern novel titles taken from the

website of WIKIPEDIA and the online magazine of IBTISSAMA, we describe

the methods followed in translating those titles based on Peter Newmark model

of title translation.

The researcher faced many difficulties while doing this dissertation; the utmost

difficult one was the lack of references that studied directly the theory of title

and title translation in addition to the newest of the topic.

Chapter One

On Translation and Title

Introduction

Title is one of the most important components of a novel. It is the interface that the

reader first deals with during his surfing in a bookshop. Besides, most of readers may decide

whether to read a novel or not just through its title. On the one hand, writers as well as

publishing houses may took much time to think of an appropriate title that reflects the novel’s

content. On the other hand, translator has to keep in mind the whole text and the publisher

intentions.This chapter is devoted to introduce some important concepts such as the concept

of translation, literary translation, the concept of title, the publisher intention, and Peter

Newmark model of title translation.

1.1 The concept of translation

Throughout history, language was a means of communication between people from

different parts of the world that has been used to express feelings, thoughts, emotions,

demands, etc. Though, there were many languages used around the world, people looked for a

way to fill the communication gap between them, a manner that help exchanging their

cultures and knowledge …. Ect. The only means to facilitate this was Translation.

1.1.1 Definition of Translation

Many scholars and theorists have defined translation from different points. Ghazala (2008)

mentioned that “translation refers to all processes and methods used to render/or transfer the

meaning of the SLT into the TL as closely, completely and accurately as possible”(p.01) .

Furthermore, Newmark (1988) defined translation as the transfer of ST to TT regarding the

intention of the ST author. It is also a “process of substituting a text in one language for a text

in another” (Catford, 1965, P. 02).

Unlike others, they consider translation as product that “consists reproducing in the receptor

language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of

meaning and secondly in terms of style”. (Naida & Taber,1969, p. 12). Likewise, Bayoud

(2003) who agreed with Newmak says "translation is as art as skill and science.It is a science

when a correct equivalence or similar exists to the objectivity of a given word, sentence or

quote. We call it an art, when more than one adequate equivalence exists and the art lies in the

appropriate selection to one of these equivalences that have an equally similar quality” (p. 42).

1.1.2 Methods of translation according to Newmark

Newmark (1988) defines methods of translation as "the way we translate, whether we

translate literally or freely, the words or the meaning , the form or the content, the letter or the

spirit, the manner or the matter, the form or the message, the direct meaning or the implied

meaning, in context or out of context” (cited in Ghazala, 2008, P.03). Thus, translators has

taken these two methods LITERAL and FREE in their translation.Newmark declares that

“the central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely”

(ibid, P. 56).

1.1.2.1 Literal translation

Ghazala argues that “literal translation or what is widely known as word-for-word

translation concerns with translating individual words out of contexts more than in contexts

.Furthermore, he asserts on Newmark’s notion when he said that “we translate words in

contexts and the latter implies different instances such as referential,collocational,

syntactic, stylistic, semantic, pragmatic, situational, cultural, etc” (ibid,p. 22)

1.1.2.2 Free translation

Free translation can be seen according to Ghazala as “misunderstood method that allows

the translator to add, delete, shorten, drop, expend, adapt or change meaning or any part of

meaning” (ibid,P. 23-24). In addition to that, he defines free translation as:

So the translator doesn’t have the right to change the message but the manner to render it to

the TL. In other words, the translator is allowed to change the style but not allowed to change

the message.

1.2 Definition of literary translation

Literary translation aims at translating all sorts of literature including short stories, novels,

poets, and theater …etc. Problems in literary translation largely depend on who is translating

and what he knows. Newmark (1988) argued that a literary translator generally respects good

writing by taking into account the language, structures, and content, whatever the nature of

the text. The literary translator participates in the author's creative activity and then recreates

structures and signs by adapting the TLT to the SLT as closely as possible. Thus, according to

Newmark translator has to assess the literary text from both sides: its quality and acceptability

to the target reader. Consequently, a deep knowledge of the two languages should be present

in the translator’s mind.

A method concerned more with the message that the fine details of

meaning and its componential constituent words in context. Its focal

point is the production of (a stylistic-semantic) effect of some kind on

the TL readers to impress them more unjustifiably than justifiably by

means of exaggeration, provocation, prejudice, rhetoric,

expressiveness, classical / frozen formality, understatement,

overstatement, aesthetic, pragmatic, religious, cultural, social,

ideological or other factors". These p ;are features of style and tone

before anything else.(p. 23)

Literary translation refers to the translation of literature. According to Jonson(1991,cited in

Kolawole, S. O. and Salawu, Adewuni ,2008), he identifies literature as ‘an apparently

nebulous body of knowledge in oral or written form, an imitation of life, which reflects

civilization and culture, and which covers every angle of human activities-culture, tradition,

entertainment, information among others.” Translating literary texts differs from those of

scientific one, the latter implies direct meaning (denotative meaning) which is easy to

understand and to translate. However, literary texts implies an implicit or connotative

meaning and hence the writer use special techniques to create his own style of writing.

Ghazala (2014) defines literary translation as follows:

“ In fact, the adequate definitions of literary translation still unclear. Though, (Schulte et

al, 1992) point out that most of writers and theorists have defined literary translation through

the literary translation tasks and characteristics, what is translated (i.e. the spirit rather than

the sense), the method of translation (i.e. free translation (or Dryden's 'paraphrase'), not literal

translation), or the function of the translation (that is, to educate readers in foreign literatures

I define literary translation as a special type of

translation that is concerned solely with translating

literary genres and sub-genres into literary pieces of work

in the TL, accounting for all features of literariness and

creative style of the original, especially, re-registration,

semantic density, syntactic and lexical intricacies,

polysemy, Displaced interaction, multi-layeredness,

symbolism / hypersemanticization, aestheticism,

figurativeness and, most importantly, tone: the involvement

of human feelings, sentiments and emotions. (P.16)

and cultures, increase the expressivity of meaning of one's own language, etc)” (Ghazala,

2014, p. 16 ).

Ghazala(2014) says “Newmark and Landers, defines literary translation in terms of

problems and main characteristics of literary language. Newmark singles out five main

features of literary language that have to be rendered by the translator: (1) figurativeness and

allegory; (2) onomatopoeic nature (that sound is as important as meaning); (3) rhythm; (4)

each word counts; and (5) full of polysemous words and collocations. (1998, pp.102-3)”(p.

16).

1.3 Definition of title

Titles are the very first gate to the text that show us a panorama of the literary outcome, the

imaginary in general and the novelic in particular before we get into its written lines. It’s the

key to the very content, it’s the sign that characterizes the book or the text that names it and

distinguishes it from others. That’s why it is said in the Arab context: “The book is known

from its title”. What proves this is that when we are in a library or a bookshop we are first

attracted to the book title we want to buy ; it’s like the publicity that attracts our attention

.We , in most cases , take the books that have more attractive titles. Verily, they are the book

summarized or the text pictured.

1.3.1 Title dictionary definition

the term “title” is defined in Lissan Alarab dictionary according to “ Ibn Sayidah:

“Al3inwan and Al3onwan (title) is the feature of the book , when we say in Arabic:

3anwanaho ( give it a title) we mean : to characterize it”. He also say Al3onyan (Title) is the

feature of the book. We say there is a “3inwan” (a spot) on his forefront because of the much

prostration” (Ibn Mandor, 0994, P.106,my translation).

Title is defined in Oxford dictionary as:

A name given to something (such as a book, song, or movie) to identify or

describe it.

A published book

A word or name that describes a person’s job in a company or organization.

1.3.2 Some scholars’ definitions:

There exists several definition of title ;“ it’s a linguistic syllable less than a sentence that

represents a text or any artistic oeuvre, it can be seen from two angles: within the text and

without the text. The contextual title is a whole with the oeuvre in the semantic level whose

function is the interpretation” (Alouch, 1984, p. 84, my translation).Despite that the

definitions above stress that a title is less than a sentence. However, we may have longer than

a sentence titles. This justifies Genette’s perplexity when he tried to define what the title is”

The definition of a title is in itself the most debatable part of the text and requires a lot of

analysis for the title system as we know is in most cases a quasi complex group rather than a

real element and a complex entity " (Mohammad Fikri,1998, p.206, my translation).

Whereas, Mohammed Alhadi said (1999)that title is "a linguistic message that represents

the text and attracts the reader and limits its content" ( p. 485, my translation).Bessam (2001)

said that the title is "a semiotic system with a semantic, symbolic and iconic dimension… It’s

just like the text ; the reader may do not want to come up to it and it may not want itself to

come down to any reader. Its semiotic feature comes out from the very fact that it represents

the most possible linguistic economy that goes in parallel with the most possible effective

reception that attracts the critical mind to follow its semantic traces relying upon the

available understood meanings"(p.06, my translation).Upon this, it’s possible to follow the

title job in the text since it “ is there at the beginning and during the narration that it

inaugurates for it works as a junction and modifying tool for the reading act"(Dalila

&Others,1985, p. 44, my translation)."Title is a speaking expressing semiotic and textual

linguistic sign .The narrative title becomes in the center of the semiotic studies interest, it is

seen as a poly esthetic values and an ideological dimension semiotic system within the realm

of the infinitive semiotics”

( Abdelmalek, 2011, p.14, my translation).

1.4 The Transaction zone

Genette (1991) distinguishes between the content which is the text that stands by its own

and the surrounding components that writer uses to pack his work. He was the first linguists

who formed the term “paratext” which denotes both of the peritext and the epitext. The

former implies every element that commonly founded in a text like the cover, table of

contents, titles and subtitles….etc. Gerard(ibid) says that “the paratext is for us the means by

which a text makes a book of itself and proposes itself as such to its reader, and more

generally to the public” (p. 261).

1.5 The science of Title

Titrology has been the case of scholars for many years in both cultures (Arabic and

Westerns), they have mentioned Title in different studies such as the Semiotic Science and the

science of narrative and logic, hence they denoted its significance in literature, cinema ,and

publicity. Leo Hoek(1985) who says: title is " the group of the linguistic signs (words,

expression, sentences, text) that may be put on to introduce the text and urge the public to

read it”( p. 5). Title is given more and more attention by the modernists, “The title is

considered to be a complete sign with full signified and signifier"(Hafid, 2004, p.98,my

translation).

1.6 Types and components of title

Here we identify and explain the main types and components of the title:

1.6.1 Types of titles

Genette tried benefitting from Leo Hoek’s research to distinguish between two types of

titles : The thematic titles that directly reflect the content of the text and the Rheumatic titles

that reflects both the text and its content in the same time. This includes: 1.6.1.1 Generic titles: They refer to the very text, as do the pages or the writings. The title

appears under many forms:

1.6.1.1.1 The main title: the original one, seen as an identity card that identifies the

text.

1.6.1.1.2 The subtitle: come after the main one; it completes the meaning. Some titles

refer to the within, they’re called intra titles, they inform us about the content of the main

title and categorize the intra titles . There is also what is called the “false title” that is put

between the book’s cover and the second page” ( Gerard,1987, pp.15-82).

Regardless of titles’ various types, it is always embedded with semiotic signifier signs

that give us "a clear picture about the text and a tool that keeps the cohesion of the text"

.Thus, The title is the axe "that generates and develops and reproduces itself, it is just like the

head for the body and the basis upon which it is built up” (Mohammed,1990, p. 57,my

translation).That is why in forming the title we need two different structural dimensions:

Semantic and constructive ones."(ibid, p. 57).

1.6.2 Components of Title

Choaib (1992) divides titles into two main components with various semantic dimensions as

follow (p. 33):

1.6.2.1 The structural dimension: Represented in five types :

1.6.2.1.1 The first type: The title is formed as phrase: an adjective and noun or a proper

noun or cardinal number.

1.6.2.1.2 Second type: A phrase expressing time.

1.6.2.1.3 Third type: Anything having to do with the adjectives.

1.6.2.1.4 Fourth type: A long complete sentence that makes it clear for the reader.

1.6.2.1.5 Fifth type: Derived from the exclamative expressions.

1.6.2.2 The semantic dimension: Submitted to five components as follow:

1.6.2.2.1 Doer component: As a proper noun and it is in most cases the protagonist.

1.6.2.2.2 Temporal component: Includes some information about time.

1.6.2.2.3 Spatial component: Any open or closed space with many ties.

1.6.2.2.4 Object component: Events here are the main elements when a title includes an

event it surely needs an interpretation.

1.7 Functions of Title

"The title is one of the most important textual parallel gates encircling the main text , it

contributes to the clarification of the text content to discover its implicit and explicit meanings

, it helps in understanding , interpreting, decomposing and composing all what’s related to

the content"( Jamil,1997, p. 90, my translation). “It plays also a primordial role in revealing

the secret of the text since it is considered a very important element, it is the starting point

while the text is target and hence it is prior to all the text elements .This priority is of double

faces : The title is not merely the first thing we see from the book (the text in its physical

form) but also an organized authoritarian element of reading"( Léo HOEK, Op.Cit.pp.1-2).

Let’s try imagining a literary production with no title, put away from its producer, this

surely will make confusion and it may be belonged to someone else who is not the real

producer. The title is the address that leads us to the producer the same as the address leads us

to the house holder. “The relation between the title and the text is an integral relation. None

can stand alone without the support of the other” (Tahir,1991, p.15, my translation)."Titles are

just like an identity card and in most cases as a twinkling pub panel that serves as propaganda

for the product"(Naima,2009, p. 22, my translation).

To clarify the role of the title in the literary novels Genette in his book “les seuils”

presented the functions of the title according to the efficacy of the narrative title:

1.7.1 Titling function : The necessary function through which the identity of the text is

precised, it is the face of the book and its expressive meaning ; it imposes the book

through the cover.( Choaib, opt.cit. p.11, my translation)

1.7.2 The descriptive function: A function that is adopted to describe something about

the text , it reveals through this function all the secrets of the text.

1.7.3 The Inspirative function: Mainly connected to the descriptive function. Whoever,

it describe the text indirectly and implicitly.

1.7.4 The attractive function: “It attracts the attention with all the twinkling attractions

implied in the title especially the complicated ones that urge us to deeply think about

them” ( Abd Alhak,2008, pp. 87-88, my translation). There exist other functions:

1.7.5 The Communicative function: “Titles are the most reliable means of connection in

the creative texts .This makes of it a condensed semiotic work system” (Mohammad

Fikri,opt.cit.p. 218, my translation).

1.7.6 The Seductive function: According to Pekka (2011) argues that “title seductive

function is more important than equivalence, and hence the title may pursued in many

ways: with reference to a well known character, or with reference to unknown lands”

(p. 189).

1.8 Detachability and Non-detachability

According to Briffa and Caruana state(2009) that titles are governed by non-detachability ,

which already has been fulfilled by Newmark’sinstructions (1988) when he asserts that “titles

should adequately describe the content”(p. 56). Furthermore, the results show that non-

detachability from the content and the context of the novel is also needed when the title

requires transformation and when a subtitle is necessary. This notion of detachability contrasts

with Said Alouch (1984) when he argues that titles can be seen from two angles either within

the text, or without it.

1.9 The Publisher’s Intention

Broadly speaking, publisher’s intentions are determined by the number of readers of an

artistic work for the sake of marketing. On the one hand, they look for the most popular

writers whose works has awarded an international prize or nominated to be the most readable

one .On the other hand, translators also seek for the same purpose through making their

translation more inviting to seduce the target reader to buy it. In this regard, Levy (2011) sees

that ‘publishers used to interfere in the wording of title, even when they were not concerned

with the artistic quality of the translation” (p.126). He adds “private publishers are opposed

particularly in the case of anthologies, to generic titles such as essays, short stories, poems

etc, so translators looked for more attractive titles”(ibid, p.126). Sometimes, publishers do

oblige translators to change titles or they themselves do change the titles for some given

reasons mainly commercial. These factors do contribute mainly in a biased title adaptation.

1.10 Newmark Model of Title translation

Newmark (1988) argued that the translator is “entitled to change the title of text”

(p.156). However, is it not simple to translated the title because“ the minimal stretch of

language that has to be translated together as one unite is the whole text” (ibid.54). Thus,

we cannot translate the title in isolation from the whole text. Newmark asserts that “ if the

SL text title is adequately describes the content , and it is brief, then leave it” (ibid, p. 65).

However, if the title begins with inappropriate word, the translator has to modify the title

by adding a subtitle and making it more attractive. Furthermore, Newmark suggested that

“all titles are either descriptive which describe the topic of the text or allusive which have

some referential or figurative relationship to the topic”(ibid, p.57). The latter serves the

imaginative literature, and it is preferable to be changed. However, for “serious

imaginative literature, a “descriptive title should be “literary” kept and an allusive title

literary or where necessary, imaginatively preserved”.(p. 57).

1.11 Conclusion

Although, translating novels notably its title, undergo applying several methods that

depend on the type of the title in order to render it to the target receiver. The difficulty that

encounters the translator is either to translate the title as part of the novel, or regardless of it,

and hence the intentions would be determined from both publishers and translators.

Chapter Two

Study of 100 translated titles

Based on Peter Newmark’s Model

Introduction

This chapter is devoted to study a 100 translated novels’ titles from English into Arabic

and vice versa, as well as the methods applied in translating them with reference to Peter

Newmark Model of title translation.

2.1 Definition of the data

The Data are taken randomly from the following websites: IBTISSAMA magazine and

Wikipedia. The first 50 titles, which are originally Arabic, are translated into English. while,

the other 50 titles, which are originally English, are translated into Arabic.

2.2 Methods applied:

The statistics shows that most frequently used methods were literal translation and

transliteration which are represented hereafter:

Titles undergo a literal translation (73%)

Titles undergo transliteration (20%)

Titles undergo explication (05%)

Titles that undergo a free translation (02%)

2.3 Sample of titles translation

2.3.1 Titles translated from English into Arabic

English Title Translated

Arabic

Title

Strategy used

Literal Transliteration explication Adaptation

Harry Potter and the

Philosopher's stone هاري

وحجر بوتر

الفالسفة

+

Alice’s adventures

in wonderland

أليس في بالد

العجائب

+

The lord of the

rings

+ سيد الخواتم

Pride and Prejudice

+ كبرياء وتحامل

1984 1984 +

king Solomon's

Mines

كنوز الملك

سليمان

+

The Wings of

the Dove

+ أجنحة الحمامة

a tale of Two cities قصة مدينتين +

Mrs Dalloway السيدة دالواي +

Dracula دراكوال +

Heart of Darkness قلب الظالم +

Jane Eyre جين آيير +

The bridge on

Drina

جسر على نهر

درينا

+

Animal Farm مزرعة

الحيوان

+

Angels and

Demons

مالئكة

وشياطين

+

And Then There

were None

وبعد ذلك لم

يعد هناك شيئ

+

Dream of the Red

Chamber

حلم القصور

الحمراء

+

The Hobbit الهوبيت +

She : A History of

Adventure

تاريخ من :هي

المغامرة

+

The Lion ,the

witch and the

wardrobe

األسد

والساحرو

وخزانة

المالبس

+

The Alchemist الخيميائي +

The Da Vinci code شيفرة دافنشي +

Gone with the

wind

+ ذهب مع الريح

Think and Grow

Rich فكر وأصبح

ثريا

+

Digital Fortress الحصن

الرقمي

+

Lost World العالم الضائع +

Red Dragon التنين األحمر +

Tarzan of the Apes

+ طرزان

Paradise Lost ضياع

الفردوس

+

Mansfield Park بارك مينسفيلد +

Sanditon سانديتون +

The Mill on the

Floss

الطاحونة على

نهر فلوس

+

For Whom the Bell

Tolls

لمن تقرع

األجراس

+

The Adventures

of Tom Sawyer

مغامرات توم

سوير

+

The Sound and the

Fury

الصوت

والغضب

+

Ulysses يوليسيس

+

The Trial المحاكمة +

Mother األم +

Sons and Lovers أخوة ومحبون +

The Grapes of

Wrath

+ عناقيد الغضب

An American

Tragedy

التراجيديا

األمريكية

+

Invisible Man الرجل الخفي +

Lord of The Flies سيد الذباب

+

A farewell to Arms وداعا للسالح +

Love Story قصة حب +

Something

Borrowed

+ شيء مستعار

Oscar and Lucinda أوسكار

ولوسيندا

+

Doctor Zhivago دكتور زيفاجو +

Wuthering Heights مرتفعات

ويذرنغ

+

Sherlock Holmes شرلوك هولمز +

Total 50 39 11

2.3.2 Titles translated from Arabic into English

Arabic Title

Translated

English Title

Strategies used

Literal Transliteration explication Adaptation

The stream of األيام

days

+

The Bridges of ذاكرة الجسد

Constantine

+

زمن الخيول

البيضاء

Time of the

white horses

+

The tobacco حارس التبغ

keeper

+

+ The vargent شريد المنازل

The women of نساء البساتين

Albasatin

+

+ Throwing Sparks ترمي بشرر

+ Swan Song تغريدة البجعة

The طوق الحمام

doves’Necklece

+

The candle and الشمعة والدهاليز

the Dark

corridors

+

ي كليرروائع مار The scents of

marie-claire

+

The American الحفيدة األمريكية

grand daughter

+

+ Mule’s Wedding عرس بغل

The arch and the القوس والفراشة

butterfly

+

+ Beyond paradize وراء الفردوس

,,,, رائحة سوداء

طعم أسود

Black taste,

black Odour

+

+ Grub hunter صائد اليرقات

+ The earthquake الزلزال

الولي الطاهر يعود

الى مقامه الزكي

Al Wali Attahir

Waoud Ila

Makamihi Ezzaki

+

+ Sunset Oasis واحة الغروب

+ Azazeel عزازيل

+ Chwing Gum العلكة

ساق البامبو

The Bambo Stalk +

+ The Beaver القندس

الحوات والقصر

ALHAWATWA

ALKASIR

+

+ America أمريكا

Brooklyn بروكلين هايتس

Heights

+

حكاية )دروزبلغراد

(حنا يعقوب

The Druze of

Belgrade

+

In praise of مديح الكراهية

Hatred

+

+ June Rain مطر حزيران

The Lady from السيدة من تل أبيب

Tel Aviv

+

The Lanterns of قناديل ملك الجليل

the King of

Galilee

+

+ Sarmada سرمدة

ال سكاكين في

مطبخ هذي المدينة

No Knives in

this City’s

Kitchens

+

الوردة حامل

األرجوانية

The Bearer of

the Purple Rose

+

+ Sinalkul سينالكول

الذئب :رماد الشرق

الذي نبت في

البراري

Ashes of the

East :the Wolf

who Grew Up in

the Wildness

+

طائر أزرق نادر

يحلق معي

A Rare Blue

Bird that Flies

with Me

+

+ TACHARI طشاري

ليل علي بابا

الحزين

The Sad Night of

Ali Baba

+

تغريبة العبدي

ولد 'المشهور ب

'الحمرية

Journeys of

‘Abdi’ Known as

the Son of

Hamriya

+

موسم صيد

الزنجور

The Season of

Pike Fishing

+

The Edge of the ُشرفة الهاوية

Abyss

+

شارع غراميات

األعشى

Love Stories on

al-Asha Street

+

The Land of أرض اليمبوس

Purgatory

+

أنتعل الغبار

وأمشي

Walking in the

Dust

+

The Art of نسيانForgetting

+

في حضرة العنقاء

والخل الوفي

The Phoenix and

the Faithful

Friend

+

فرنكشتاين في

بغداد

Frankenstein in

Baghdad

+

مناظر وأخالق

ريفية

Country scenes

and Morals

+

Total 50 34 09 05 02

2.4 Interpretations of the translated titles:

- Some titles have more than one translated version which is mainly related to the non

satisfaction of the author about the former translation.

Example: "Memory in the Flesh", the English version of Ahlam Mosteghanemi ذاكرة الجسد" "

re-translated ten years ago into " Bridges of Constantine ".

- Allusive titles according to Newmark should be translated freely.

"ALHAWAT WA ALKASIR ", which is a transliteration of "الحوات والقصر "

In my opinion, It would be better translated literally into "The Fisherman and The Castle

". Though, both of ALHAWAT and ALKASIR are the main characters of the novel and they

denote specific items. As a result, the translator adopted the Transliteration technique to serve

that type of title.

Another example which is the Arabic title ‘ترمي بشرر’ translated into English as

“Throwing Sparks”, is an expression taken from the holly Quran ,and hence it has a

religious connotations that remind us of torture and punishment. If we look at the

translated opposite “Throwing Sparks”, we will find that the translator did adopt the literal

translation. The title in Arabic awakes in us the religious background and hence it can be

easily put into one context that is “ Revenge”. while the translated one does evoke none

for us.

Arab readers are, like any other readers, attached by catchy titles. They like their titles to be

always crowned with pearls from Holy Scriptures or some poetic and literary works from the

notable authors. However, this is not reflected in the translated title.

We also observed that most translated titles, notably from Arabic into English undergo

word-for-word translation.

Example: A blue rare bird flies with me طائر أزرق نادر يحلق معي------------

Pride and prejudice ----------------- كبرياء وتحامل

It is noticed that some translated titles from English into Arabic undergo an expansion

which is a method applied to provide more explanation to the ST.

Ex: نسيان ------------------The art of Forgetting.

.The Stream of Days---------------------- األيام

If we look into the sample of the study, we will notice that most of translated titles have

undergoing a literal translation which contrasts the original titles which are Culture bound.

Ex : the translation of the Arabic word 'العنقاء' into ‘Foenix’, in my opinion are not the

appropriate translation. Foenix in the Arabic culture is one of the four creatures we ever

think of but we never seen them. Whereas, the foenix does make no prediction in the

reader’s mind of the target culture.

2.5 Conclusion

Through this chapter we deduced that the type of title and the publisher intention play a great

role in determining the translation strategy and hence we come up with the following

findings:

- Most of titles were translated literally, which implies that translators mostly treated these

titles as descriptive.

- Some titles that are supposed to be classified as allusive according to Perter Newmark’s

model which have been translated literally, is in fact according to the same theory not

adequate for the translation of that sort of titles .

2.6 General conclusion

This study was undertaken to determine the techniques are used in novels titles

translation . it is comprised two chapters: the first chapter deals with general overview about

translation, literary translation, then the concept of title, its types and functions and the

publisher intention about title translation and Peter Newmark model of title translation. The

second chapter was devoted to describe a set of 100 translated novels titles from English into

Arabic and vice versa basing on Newmark’s model of title translation .

The outcome of the first chapter reveals that the translator cannot translate the title

separately from the whole text. Besides, the commercial seek of the publisher may oblige the

translator to work on that purpose.

The second chapter is devoted to compare a 100 novels titles translated from both

languages English and Arabic, hence we describe the methods used in translating them

according to Peter Newmark’s Model of title translation.

We hypothesized that literal translation serves best the descriptive titles while free

translation serves best the allusive titles. Besides, the translator cannot translate titles without

prior readings of the original one and that’s what proves the notion of non-detachability.

Through this dissertation, we arrived at the following results:

Translating titles require adopting several methods among them Newmark’s Model of

title translation.

The translator has to believe in the notion of non-detachability in the translation of

novel title.

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.وزارة الثقافة: األردن .2ط، سيمياء العنوان . (1002), بسام قطوس

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.دار الحداثة :بيروت .مدخل إلى التحليل البنيوي للنصوص . (2991), ياتخر أدليلة مرسلي و

.مطبوعات المكتبة الجامعية.الدار البيضاء: المغرب .معجم المصطلحات األدبية المعاصرة . (2991), سعيد علوش

.الثقافة دار: المغرب .التأويل وبناء العتبات في العالمات هوية . (1001), حليفي شعيب

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.دار محاكاة للدراسات والنشر والتوزيع :دمشق .العنوان في الرواية العربية(. 1022), عبد المالك أشهبون

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نجاز: دينامية النص (.2990), محمد مفتاح .المركز الثقافي العربي:بيروت .1، طتنظير وا

.دار الفارابي :بيروت. 2ط،مشاكل وحلول -الترجمة األدبية (.1002), نعام بيوضإ

مجلة .المبنى والمعنى في دراسة الجازية والدراويش لعبد الحميد بن هدوقة، في الفضاء الروائي (.2992), الطاهر رواينية

.2العدد، المساءلة

شكاالت العربية الثقافة في اللسانيات (.1001), علوي إسماعيلي حافظ ، فكر ونقد مجلة .(نموذجا التمهيدية اللسانيات) التلقي وا

.19العدد

.14العدد ،الكرمل مجلة .العنوان واستراتيجية الموازي النص(. 2991) ,حليفي شعيب

. 2العدد ،19 مجلد ،الفكر عالم مجلة .الفارياق فيماهو الساق على الساق كتاب عنوان شعرية (.2999), الهادي المطوي محمد

أنموذجا، مجلة " الولي الطاهر يعود إلى مقامه الزكي"رواية : سيميائية العنونة عند الطاهر وطار (.1009), نعيمة فرطاس

:،على الرابط االلكتروني9/1/1021:شوهد بتاريخ، 12،العدد الثقافة

www.khayma.com/wattar/lire/chahadat/waly/fertas.doc

البحث ملخصمن منظور نموذج بيتر نيومارك ةن الروياترجمة عنو اجراءات

مقدمة

:تحديد االشكال

فاملرتجم من جهته عليه . أهم الصعوبات اليت تواجه املرتجم يف أداء مهنته هي ترمجة األعمال األدبية وخصوصا العناوين الروائية من

.املعىن احلقيقي للنص اىل القارئ يف اللغة اهلدفايصال و, جهة التقنية اليت تالئم نوع النص من أن حيدد االسرتاتيجية أو

:أهداف الدراسة

.املتبعة يف ترمجة العنوان الروائي وفق منوذج نيومارك االجراءاتهتدف الدراسة اىل الكشف عن

:الفرضيات

يسلم نيومارك بأن الرتمجة احلرفية ختدم العناوين الوصفية يف حني الرتمجة احلرة ختدم العناوين االشارية

:االشكالية

:التاليةبناءا على الفرضية سالفة الذكر نطرح االسئلة

هل الرتمجة احلرفية أفضل إسرتاتيجية لرتمجة العناوين الوصفية ؟

هل الرتمجة احلرة أفضل اسرتاتيجية لرتمجة العناوين اإلشارية ؟

؟ هل باالمكان أن نرتجم العنوان مبعزل عن النص األصلي

:هيكل البحث

فالفصل األول يتناول نظرة عامة حول مفهوم الرتمجة وأهم ,األول نظري و الثاين تطبيقي , مت تقسيم البحث اىل فصلني

أنواعه ووظائفه اشارة اىل هدف الناشر من ترمجة العنوان و وصوال اىل , باالضافة اىل التعريف مبفهوم العنوان , اسرتاتيجياهتا

.التعريف بنموذج نيومارك يف ترمجة العناوين

العربية واالنكليزية حسب : عنوان رواية حديثة مرتمجة يف كلتا اللغتني 011أما الفصل التطبيقي فيهدف اىل وصف وتصنيف

مع الرتكيز على بعض العناوين .منوذج نيومارك من حيث العناوين اليت ترمجت ترمجة حرفية والعناوين اليت خضعت اىل ترمجة حرة

(. ذاكرة اجلسد, احلوات والقصر, ترمي بشرر)

:منهجية الدراسة

.اسة اىل تطبيق املنهج الوصفي والذي يساعدنا يف استقصاء التقنيات املتبعة يف ترمجة العنوان الروائيخضعت الدر

:حدود الدراسة

عنوان رواية حديثة مرتجم يف كلتا اللغتني العربية واالنكليزية مأخوذة عشوائيا من املوقع االلكرتوين 011تتمحور الدراسة يف تناول

حيث نقوم بتحديد االسرتاتيجية املتبعة يف ترمجة هاته العناوين وفق لمجلة ابتسامةوكذا املوقع االلكرتوين ويكيبيدياملوسوعة

.منوذج بيرت نيومارك

الدراسة كان أمهها ندرة املراجع واملصادر اليت تدرس بشكل مباشر نظرية هث صعوبات عديدة اثناء اجنازه هلذواجهت الباح

. وهذا نتيجة حلداثة املوضوع وخاصة املراجع واملصادر باللغة االنكليزية, نوان العنوان وكذا ترمجة الع

و العنوان الترجمة كل من نظرة عامة حول : الفصل األول

املتبعة يف نقل مبجموعة االساليب واالجراءات)يعرف العديد من العلماء واملنظرين الرتمجة من عدة زوايا فمثال يعرفها غزالة

فن ومهارة مثلها )يف حني يعرفها كل من انعام بيوض و نيومارك على أهنا , (معىن النص األصلي اىل النص اهلدف بأقرب ماميكن

. فالرتمجة تعترب علما عندما يتوفر على مكافئ صحيح أو مايقبله حبيث يكون نظريا لكلمة أو جلملة أو لعبارة معينة, مثل العلم

ى الرتمجة أهنا فن اذا توفر أكثر من مكافئ مناسب حبيث يقع االختيار األنسب ملكافئ من جمموع املكافئات اليت ونقول عل

فان التعريفات كلها تصب يف وعاء واحد أال وهو حتقيق التكافؤ بني النص األصلي , عموما . (تتساوى وتتشابه من حيث النوع

. والنص اهلدف

: الترجمةإجراءات

اىل نوعني ومها الرتمجة احلرة واحلرفية من حيث االجراء ميكن تقسيم الرتمجة

:الترجمة الحرفية

ذلك ان الكلمات , واليت تعرف بأهنا ترمجة كلمة بكلمة حبيث تكون ترمجة أغلبها ضمن سياق معني مثلما أشار اليها نيومارك

النحوية, األسلوبية, الداللية, , املتالزمات اللفظية , رجعيةامل: مثلترتجم ضمن السياق وهاته األخرية تتضمن حاالت خمتلفة

.الواقعية والظرفية, والثقافية اخل

:الترجمة الحرة

. أو تكييف املعىن أو جزء منه , متديد , اختصار,حذف ,ميكن تعريفها من منظور غزالة على أهنا طريقة متكن املرتجم من اضافة

.رئ اللغة اهلدفاالشكل ال املساس مبضمون الرسالة املراد ايصاهلا لق فاملرتجم له احلق يف تغيري

: العنوان تعريف

,والتخيلي بصفة عامة , والروائي بصفة خاصةهو املدخل الرئيسي والركيزة األساسية لعرض حملة جمملة عن اإلنتاج األديب العنوان

.كما أنه نص مصغر أو تلخيص ملا يعنون له

أما .وللعنوان أنواع ومكونات ,فبالنسبة ألنواعه يقسمها الغالبية من العلماء اىل عنوان حقيقي وهو العنوان االصلي والرئيسي للنص

.العنوان الفرعي فيأيت بعد العنوان الرئيسي, كما أن هناك عناوين داخلية

.حيتوي كل منهما على مخسة أمناط حيث, أما مكونات أو أبعاد العنوان فهي البعد الرتكييب والبعد الداليل

:العنوان وظائف

. يؤدي العنوان دورا بارزا يف فك لغز النص وذلك إنطالقا من فرضية كونه عنصرا ضروريا وليس ثانويا,إذ هو املنطلق والنص هدفه

اخلاطفة, وخباصة حينما يكون براقا وعليه, فالعنوان أشبه ما يكون ببطاقة هوية ويف كثري من األحيان يكون كاللوحات اإلشهارية

.مغريا, إذ يصنع دعاية كبرية لذلك اإلنتـــاج

:وظائف العنوان نذكر منها عتباتفقد عدد جريارد جينيه يف كتابه

.الوظيفة االتصاليةالوظيفة اإلحيائية, الوظيفة اإلغرائية, تعنينية,الوظيفة الوصفية,الالوظيفية

:العنوانهدف الناشر من ترجمة

عمل فين معني وبذلك تكون أغراضه جتارية حبته األمر لغالبا ما يكون هدف الناشر من ترمجة العنوان تداول اكرب عدد من القراء

هذا األخري يسعى اىل متابعة األعمال الفنية ألشهر األدباء والكتاب .الذي حيتم على املرتجم تغيري العنوان امتثاال الوامر الناشر

ومن جهة أخرى فاملرتجم أيضا بدوره يسعى اىل وضع أفضل ترمجة . هذا من جهة,أوُ رشحوا لنيل جوائز عاملية اقد حتصلو الذين

ناهيك عن وضع امسه حتت العنوان وبذاك يذيع صيته وكأنه الكاتب الثاين ,الرواية فت انتباه القارئ ويغريه القتناءللعنوان حبيث يل

. للرواية

في ترجمة العنوانك نموذج نيومار

فاقرتح أن مجيع العناوين الوصفية ختضع , ركز نيومارك على ترمجة نوعني من العناوين أال وهي العناوين الوصفية والعناوين االشارية

وأضاف قائال انه ليس من السهل ترمجة العنوان مبعزل عن النص ذلك ,فتخضع لرتمجة حرة لرتمجة حرفية فيما العناوين االشارية

فإذا كان عنوان النص األصلي يتضمن معىن النص وهو يف . ألن أصغر مكون للغة والذي يتوجب ترمجته كوحدة هو النص بكامله

اسب و النص األصلي فعلى املرتجم تغيريه أو اضافة اما اذا كان العنوان ال يتن,نفس الوقت خمتصر فيستحسن ابقاءه على حاله

. عنوان فرعي حبيث جيعله أكثر جذبا مما كان عليه من قبل

االطار التطبيقي: الفصل الثاني

:تعريف العينة

اوله يف عنوان رواية مرتجم يف كلتا اللغتني العربية واالنكليزية حبيث حياول الباحث تسليط الضوء على مامت تن 011مت اختيار

.يف ترمجة هذه العناوين وذلك اعتمادا على منوذج بيرت نيومارك تاتبعالطريقة اليت الفصل النظري و

حيث (. Wikipedia) ويكيبيديا وموقعاالبتسامة مجلة مت اختيار هذي العينة عشوائيا من الشبكة العنكبوتية وحتديدا من

01من العربية اىل االنكليزية يف حني اجلدول الثاين يتضمن امرتمج اعنوان 01األول يتضمن ,مت تصنيف املعطيات يف جدولني

, لمي اخليال الع, الرومنسية, تتناول العينة خمتلف األصناف كالروايات الكوميدية . من االنكليزية اىل العربية امرتمج اعنوان

.اضافة اىل الروايات اليت تتناول سريا ذاتية,التارخيية

:الموظفة في ترجمة العناويناالستراتيجيات

.تراوحت االسرتاتيجيات املتبعة يف ترمجة هذه العناوين بني احلرفية والنقحرة

(:ذاكرة اجلسد, احلوات والقصر, ترمي بشرر) : مالحظات حول ترجمة بعض العناوين

خضعت معظم العناوين املرتمجة يف كلتا اللغتني اىل اسرتاتيجية الرتمجة احلرفية مما يعىن ان أغلبها عناوين وصفية طبقا -

. لنموذج نيومارك

الحظنا أن هنالك عناوين خضعت لرتمجتني خمتلفتني باسرتاتيجيات خمتلفة لعل ذلك يعود اىل رغبة املؤلف أو هدف -

اىل اللغة 3112للروائية أحالم مستغامني واليت ترمجت سنة ذاكرة الجسدجند رواية ومثاال على ذلك . الناشر

صدرت هلا ترمجة 3102و يف سنة بعدها, Memory in the Fleshاالنكليزية ترمجة حرفية حتت عنوان

.هي ترمجة بالتكييف و The Bridges of Constantineأخرى حتت عنوان

وهي ترمجة حرفية ALHAWAT WA ALKASIRمتت ترمجتها , لطاهر وطاروالقصر الحوات الرواية العربية -

The Fisherman and the Seaكان باالمكان ترمجتها اىل ,فمن وجهة نظرنا.باستخدام تقنية النقحرة

ة الوظيفجتسدان القصر و الحواتاال أن كال من لفظيت .باستخدام الرتمجة احلرفية على مستوى الكلمة وذلك

للعنوان يف النص األصلي لذا كان لزاما على املرتجم أن يتبع هذي االسرتاتيجية وهذا ما أكد عليه منوذج بيرت الوصفية

نيومارك

فعند ,وهي ترمجة حرفية Throwing Sparksترمجت اىل اللغة االنكليزية , لعبده خالترمي بشرر الرواية العربية -

Sparksويف املقابل جند كلمة , قراءتنا للعنوان جند ان العبارة مقتبسة من القرآن الكرمي واليت تنذر بالعتاب والعقاب

اذن كان من . واليت تدل على األضواء اللماعة اليت ترتك يف ذهن قارئ النص اهلدف نوعا من السرور والبهجة

.ة وليست وصفية األرجح ان يرتجم هذا العنوان ترمجة اشاري

الخاتمة

تناول الفصل األول : م البحث اىل فصلنييقسمت ت حيث, دمة يف ترمجة عنوان الروايةاملستخ االجراءاتحياول هذا البحث دراسة

الناشر نزوال عند رأي,أقسامه و وظائفه,فهوم العنوان مب التعريفىلااضافة ل من الرتمجة و الرتمجة األدبيةنظرة عامة على مفهوم ك

.املتبعة يف ترمجته ومنها منوذج بيرت نيومارك جراءاتيف ترمجة العنوان ومنها تطرقنا اىل اال

. الفصل األول اىل نتيجة مفادها أن املرتجم ليس مبقدوره ترمجة العنوان بغض النظر عن مضمون النص األصلي خلصنا يف

حيث ,اللغتني العربية واالنكليزيةمن واىل عنوان رواية مرتجم 011نة من تطرقنا اىل دراسة مقارنة لعينة متكو ,أما الفصل الثاين

. املستخدمة يف ترمجة العناوين متاشيا مع منوذج نيومارك االجراءات قمنا بوصف

رية باالضافة يف حني أن الرتمجة احلرة ختدم العناوين االشا, أن الرتمجة احلرفية ختدم العناوين الوصفية هلقد افرتضنا يف دراستنا هذ

.اىل أن املرتجم غري قادر على ترمجة العنوان مبعزل عن النص األصلي

:توصلنا يف هذي الدراسة اىل النتائج التالية

من بينها منوذج بيرت نيومارك اجراءاتتستلزم ترمجة العنوان الروائي تبين عدة

على املرتجم أن يؤمن بضرورة ترمجة العنوان ضمن سياق النص األصلي.

Abstract

This research aims at describing the novel title translation through defining the title

conception, its types and functions as propaganda to the novel. It aims to present the most

adopted techniques in translating titles such as the literal and free translation with reference

to Newmark’s Model. The study devoted to describe a 100 modern translated title from

both languages English and Arabic has been classified according to its type: descriptive

titles and allusive once, and then, we specify the method that works along with its type.

Keywords: literary translation, title, literal translation, free translation, Newmark’s model.

Résumé

Cette recherche vise à décrire la traduction du titre roman en définissant le titre

conception, ses types et des fonctions comme de la propagande pour le roman. Il

vise à présenter les techniques les plus adoptées dans la traduction des titres tels

que la traduction littérale et libre avec référence à de Newmark modèle. L'étude

consacrée à décrire un titre traduit moderne 100 des deux langues anglais et en

arabe a été classé en fonction de son type: titres descriptifs et allusive une fois, et

puis, nous spécifier la méthode qui fonctionne ainsi que son type.

Les mots clés : Traduction littéraire, le Titre, la Traduction littérale, la Traduction

libre, Newmark modèle.

ملخص

والدور الذي يؤديه يف التعريف ىل وصف ترمجة عنوان الرواية وذلك عن طريق التعريف مباهية العنوان وأنواعةإ هذه الدراسةدف هت

ىل عرض أهم التقنيات املتبعة يف ترمجة العنوان نذكر منها الرتمجة احلرفية و الرتمجة احلرة حسب إ سعت كما,الرواية والرتويج هلا

,منوذج نيومارك ة و تصنيفها يالعربية واالجنليز : ئة عنوان مرتجم لروايات حديثة يف كلتا اللغتنيالدراسة وصف م تحيث تناول

.اليت اتبعت يف ترمجتهااالجراءات ىل وصفية واشارية ومن مث حتديد إحسب منوذج نيومارك

.منوذج نيومارك, الرتمجة احلرة, الرتمجة احلرفية, العنوان ,الرتمجة األدبية: الكلمات المفتاحية