methods for identification of - phytophthoradb.org · durán a, gryzenhout m, slippers b, ahumada...

Methods for identification of

Phytophthora species.Gloria Abad, Ph. D.

Lead ScientistUSDA/APHIS/PPUSDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LABORATORY

WORKSHOP: Fighting Phytophthora: How to Detect, Investigate, and Manage Phytophthora. July 26 2008

APS Cenntennial Meeting 2008

WORKSHOP: Fighting Phytophthora: How to Detect, Investigate, and Manage Phytophthora. July 26 2008

APS Cenntennial Meeting 2008

P. capsici

P. ramorum

MDL

Diseases caused by Phytophthora Diseases caused by Phytophthora Root, Crown, Collar Rots, Stem canker, WiltsRoot, Crown, Collar Rots, Stem canker, Wilts

Fruit, and Tubers rotsFruit, and Tubers rots

Leaf and Stem BlightsLeaf and Stem Blights

P. infestansP. infestans

P. capsiciP. capsici

P. capsiciP. capsici

P. infestansP. infestans

P. ramorumP. ramorum P. cinnamomiP. cinnamomi

88 spp. 7/25/0888 spp. 7/25/08

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL Photos: Mostly from the internet

Durán A, Gryzenhout M, Slippers B, Ahumada R, Rotella A, Flores F, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. 2008. Phytophthora pinifoliasp. nov. associated with a serious needle disease of Pinus radiata in Chile. Plant Pathology 57: 715-727.

Phytophthora pinifolia AJ. Durán, Gryzenh. & MJ Wingf. (2008)

Perfect stageNot Known

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

MDL

Phytophthora sp. morindae Abad ZG & Nelson SMDL


The Phylogenetic position of Straminipiles and Fungi in relation to other EucaryotesPhylogenetic tree from Baldauf et al, 2003 Science 300:1703-1706

The Phylogenetic position of Straminipiles and Fungi in relation to other EucaryotesPhylogenetic tree from Baldauf et al, 2003 Science 300:1703-1706

StraminipilesStraminipiles

Phytophthora

Pythium

Pythiogeton

Peronospora

FungiFungi

Fusarium Rhizoctonia Colletotrichum

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StraminipilesStraminipiles

FungiFungi

PhylogeneticRelationships of Straminipiles and Fungi with otherOrganisms

PhylogeneticRelationships of Straminipiles and Fungi with otherOrganisms

SSU rRNA Evolutionary TreeFrom Van de Peer et al J. Mol. Evol, 2000 2000

SSU rRNA Evolutionary TreeFrom Van de Peer et al J. Mol. Evol, 2000 2000

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Trait Oomycetes FungiCell wall composition β-1,3 and β-1,6 glucans; Chitin

cellulose

Storage reserves β-1,3 glucans Glycogen(Mycolaminarin)

Somatic Cells Coenocytic Mostly septate

Somatic nuclei Diploid Haploid

Mitochondrial cristae Tubular Flat

Trait Oomycetes FungiCell wall composition β-1,3 and β-1,6 glucans; Chitin

cellulose

Storage reserves β-1,3 glucans Glycogen(Mycolaminarin)

Somatic Cells Coenocytic Mostly septate

Somatic nuclei Diploid Haploid

Mitochondrial cristae Tubular Flat

Additional characters that differentiate straminipiles to true fungi Additional characters that differentiate straminipiles to true fungi

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•Phylum: Heterokonta•Sub-Phylum: Peronosporomycotina•Class: Peronosporomycetes(OOMYCETES)

800 SPECIES (3 subclasses)•Subclass: Peronosporomycetidae

Order: Peronosporales (Waterhouse, 1973)•Order: Pythiales? (Dick et.al 1984)•Family: Pythiaceae (10 genera)•Genus : Phytophthora (87sp.), Pythium (160sp.)

Phytophthora

Pythiogeton

TAXONOMIC POSITIONTAXONOMIC POSITION

Family: Pythiogenaceae fam. nov. (2 genera) (Volglmayir et al 1999)

Genus : Pythiogeton (9 sp.), Medusoides (1 sp.) (gen. nov.)

Kingdom: Straminipila (Dick 2001)

Pythium

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Taxonomy of Phytophthora SpeciesTaxonomy of Taxonomy of PhytophthoraPhytophthora SpeciesSpecies

The Era of Morphological species The Era of Phylogenetic species A new era of Morphological/PhylogeneticSpecies?

The Era of Morphological species The Era of Morphological species The Era of The Era of PhylogeneticPhylogenetic species species A new era of Morphological/A new era of Morphological/PhylogeneticPhylogeneticSpecies?Species?

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THE CLASICAL ERA AND THE

MORPHOLOGICAL-SPECIES

THE CLASICAL ERA AND THE

MORPHOLOGICAL-SPECIES

EVOLUTION IN THE TAXONOMY PHYTOPHTHORAEVOLUTION IN THE TAXONOMY PHYTOPHTHORA

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Where theDisease cameFrom?

Where theDisease cameFrom?

The marvelous potatoThe marvelous potato

1500´s 1700´s

Which was the causeof the disease?

Which was the causeof the disease?

1840´s

The Potato Disease

The Potato Disease

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POTATO DISEASE CAUSE 1840´SAND THE PIONEERS OF

PLANT PATHOLOGY

POTATO DISEASE CAUSE 1840´SAND THE PIONEERS OF

PLANT PATHOLOGY

Anton de Bary 1861, 1876Researchers into the nature of the potato fungusPhytophthora infestans. J. R. Agric. Soc. England

12:239-269

Anton de Bary 1861, 1876Researchers into the nature of the potato fungusPhytophthora infestans. J. R. Agric. Soc. England

12:239-269 Rev. Berkeley, 1846The Potato MurrianRev. Berkeley, 1846The Potato Murrian

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1841-1842 Morren,Belgium1841-1842 Morren,Belgium1841-1842 Teschemacker, USA1841-1842 Teschemacker, USA

USA & Europe 1841-1843Suggested by: Berkeley and De

BaryLines of Evidence: Abad G.

1983, Abad G. and Abad J. 1995 Supported by: Ristaino, Morales, Torres, Forbes,

Restrepo

USA & Europe 1841-1843Suggested by: Berkeley and De

BaryLines of Evidence: Abad G.

1983, Abad G. and Abad J. 1995 Supported by: Ristaino, Morales, Torres, Forbes,

Restrepo

USA 1842 and USA toEurope 1845

Postulated by Redick 1928Lines of Evidence:

Neiderhauser.Supporters: Fry, Goodwin,

Grunwland

USA 1842 and USA toEurope 1845

Postulated by Redick 1928Lines of Evidence:

Neiderhauser.Supporters: Fry, Goodwin,

Grunwland

Phytophthora infestans Center of Origen current teoriesPhytophthora infestans Center of Origen current teories

Mexican TheoryMexican Theory

Andean TheoryAndean Theory

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Phytophthora Morphological TaxonomyPhytophthoraPhytophthora Morphological TaxonomyMorphological Taxonomy

Rosenbaum J. 1917. Studies of the Genus Phytophthora. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 3: 159-163.Tucker, CM 1931. Taxonomy of the genus Phytophthora de Bary. Univ. Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 153: 1-208 Leonian, LH. 1925. Physiological studies on the genus Phytophthora. West. Virginia Agric. Expt. Sta. Sci. Paper 11 : 444-498. Leonian, LH 1934. Identification of Phytophthora species. West Virginia Agriculture Experiment Station Bulletin 262: 2-36 Frezzi, MJ. 1950. Las especies de Phytophthora en la Argentina, Revistade Investigaciones Agrícolas IV: 47–134.Waterhouse GM 1963. Key to the species of Phytophthora de Bary. Mycol Pap 92: 22Waterhouse GM 1970. The genus Phytophthora de Bary. Mycol Pap 122: 1–59Newhook FJ, Waterhouse GM, Stamps DJ. 1978. Tabular key to the species of Phytophthora de Bary. Mycol. Pap. 43.Stamps DJ, Waterhouse GM, Newhook FJ, Hall GS. 1990. Revised tabular key to the species of Phytophthora. Mycol Pap 162: 28 pp.Erwin O, Ribeiro . 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. APS. Press. St. Paul, MN.Gallegly ME, Hong C. 2008. Phytophthora: Identifying Species by Morphology and DNA. APS. Press. St. Paul, MN.

Rosenbaum J. 1917.Rosenbaum J. 1917. Studies of the Genus Studies of the Genus PhytophthoraPhytophthora. . Proceedings of the National Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaAcademy of Sciences of the United States of America 3: 1593: 159--163.163.Tucker, CM 1931.Tucker, CM 1931. Taxonomy of the genus Taxonomy of the genus PhytophthoraPhytophthora de de BaryBary. Univ. Missouri Agric. . Univ. Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 153: 1Exp. Sta. Bull. 153: 1--208 208 LeonianLeonian, LH. 1925., LH. 1925. Physiological studies on the genus Physiological studies on the genus PhytophthoraPhytophthora. West. Virginia . West. Virginia Agric. Expt. Sta. Sci. Paper 11 : 444Agric. Expt. Sta. Sci. Paper 11 : 444--498. 498. LeonianLeonian, LH 1934., LH 1934. Identification of Identification of PhytophthoraPhytophthora species. West Virginia Agriculture species. West Virginia Agriculture Experiment Station Bulletin 262: 2Experiment Station Bulletin 262: 2--36 36 FrezziFrezzi, MJ. 1950., MJ. 1950. Las Las especiesespecies de de PhytophthoraPhytophthora en la Argentina, en la Argentina, RevistaRevistade de InvestigacionesInvestigaciones AgrAgríícolascolas IV: 47IV: 47––134.134.Waterhouse GM 1963.Waterhouse GM 1963. Key to the species of Key to the species of PhytophthoraPhytophthora de de BaryBary. . MycolMycol Pap 92: 22Pap 92: 22Waterhouse GM 1970.Waterhouse GM 1970. The genus The genus PhytophthoraPhytophthora de de BaryBary. . MycolMycol Pap 122: 1Pap 122: 1––5959NewhookNewhook FJ, Waterhouse GM, Stamps DJ. 1978.FJ, Waterhouse GM, Stamps DJ. 1978. Tabular key to the species of Tabular key to the species of PhytophthoraPhytophthora de de BaryBary. Mycol. Pap. 43.. Mycol. Pap. 43.Stamps DJ, Waterhouse GM, Stamps DJ, Waterhouse GM, NewhookNewhook FJ, Hall GS.FJ, Hall GS. 1990. Revised tabular key to the 1990. Revised tabular key to the species of species of PhytophthoraPhytophthora. . MycolMycol Pap 162: 28 pp.Pap 162: 28 pp.Erwin O, Erwin O, RibeiroRibeiro . 1996.. 1996. PhytophthoraPhytophthora Diseases Worldwide. APS. Press. St. Paul, MN.Diseases Worldwide. APS. Press. St. Paul, MN.Gallegly ME, Hong C. 2008.Gallegly ME, Hong C. 2008. PhytophthoraPhytophthora: Identifying Species by Morphology and : Identifying Species by Morphology and DNA. APS. Press. St. Paul, MN.DNA. APS. Press. St. Paul, MN.

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Newhook, Waterhouse, and Stamps. 1978Tabular Key to the Species of Phytophthora

De Bary. Commonwealth Mycological Intitute, Kew Surrey, England

Newhook, Waterhouse, and Stamps. 1978Tabular Key to the Species of Phytophthora

De Bary. Commonwealth Mycological Intitute, Kew Surrey, England

Erwin and Ribeiro. 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. APS. Press.

Erwin and Ribeiro. 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. APS. Press.

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P. arecae (1913) P. fragariae v. oryzobladis (1978) P. megasperma (1931)P. boehmeriae (1927) P. fragariae v. rubi (1993) P. melonis (1976)P. botryosa (1969) P. gonapodyides (1927) P. mexicana (1923)P. cactorum (1886) P. heveae (1929) P. mirabilis (1985)P. cajani (1978) P. hibernalis (1925) P. nicotianae (1896)P. cambivora (1927) P. humicola (1985) P. palmivora v. palmivora (1919)P. capsici (1922) P. idaei (1995) P. palmivora v. heterocysta (1983)P. cinnamomi (1922) P. ilicis (1957) P. phaseoli (1889)P. cinnamomi v. parvispora (1993) P. infestans (1876) P. porri (1931)P. citricola (1927) P. inflata (1949) P. primulae (1952)P. citrophthora (1925) P. insolita (1980) P. pseudotsugae (1983)P. clandestina (1985) P. iranica (1971) P. quininea (1947)P. colocasiae (1900) P. italica (1996) P. richardiae (1927) P. cryptogea (1919) P. japonica (1974) P. sinensis (1982)P. cyperi (1935) P. katsurae (1979) P. sojae (1958)P. cyperi - bulbosi (1953) P. lateralis (1942) P. syringae (1909)P. drechsleri (1931) P. lepironiae (1919) P. tentaculata (1993)P. eriugena (1977) P. macrochlamydospora (1991) P. trifolii (1991)P. erythroseptica v. erytroseptica (1913) P. meadii (1918) P. undulata (1989)P. erythroseptica v. pisi (1959) P. medicaginis (1991) P. verrucosa (1940)P. fragariae v. fragariae (1940) P. megakarya (1979) P. vignae (1957)

The 64 Phytophthora morphospecies presented at Erwin and Ribeiro’s Book (1996) The 64 Phytophthora morphospecies presented at Erwin and Ribeiro’s Book (1996)

UNCULTURABLE SPECIES

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Sixty of the importantspecies and taxons

New dichotomous-like key is presented using minimal morphologicalcharacters and the Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism PCR-SSCP DNA fingerprint of the ITS rDNA.

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Morphological features of PhytophthoraMorphological features of Phytophthora

Asexual phaseAsexual phase

Phytophthora ramorum hyphal swellingshyphal swellings

P.drechsleri

oosporeoospore© G.Abad.PPIL.NCSU

P.cambivora

Sexual phaseSexual phase

antheridiumantheridiumoogoniumoogonium

chlamydosporeschlamydosporessporangiophoresporangiophore sporangiumsporangium

Asexual phaseAsexual phase

Colony morphologyColony morphologyP. sp. morindae

Temperaturegrowth at 20, 25, 30, 35C

Temperaturegrowth at 20, 25, 30, 35C

MDL

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL Photos by G. Abad

P. sp. kelmania P. bisheria

MORPHOLOLGY OF SPORANGIOPHORESMORPHOLOLGY OF SPORANGIOPHORES

P. erytroseptica

P. ramorumP.kernoviaeP.botryosa P.capsici

UNBRANCHED EXTERNAL PROLIFERATION

SYMPLE SYMPODIUMUMBELLA TYPEBOTRYOSE CLUMPS LONG SYMPODIUM

INTERNAL PROLIFERATION

P. lateralis

BRANCHED

P. sp. 3

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Sporangia shapes

P. cactorum P. capsiciP. capsiciP. bohemeria

Globose

E

P. sp.niederhauserii

Ellipspoid

Phytophthora sp.aucubae

Globose Ovoid

P. cryptogea P. erytroseptica P. tropicalis

Obpyryform Constricted Tapered base Irregular

P. nicotianae P. nicotianae

Irregular

Lemoniform

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Sporangium, papilla, exit pore and pedicel shapes

P. bohemeriaP. cactorum P. botryosa P. sp.niederhauserii

P. capsici

Papillate –short pedicel Semipapillate-Medium pedicel

Papillate –short pedicell Semipapillate-Long pedicel

P. capsici

Non-papillate –persistent

Two papilla

P. nicotianae P. citrophthora P. sp. personiiP. bohemeriae

Exit poreNarrow Medium Wide

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Hyphal swellingsHyphal swellings

P. sp. kelmania

P.drechsleri

P. sp. personii

P. foliorum

P. sp. niederhauserii

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P.cinnamomi.

ChlamydosphoresChlamydosphores

Phytophthora sp. Juniper

Terminal Intercalary

P. tropicalis

Clustered

P. ramorum

Terminal, lateral, intercalary

MDL


P.sp. aucubaeP. bisheria

P. cactorum P. capsici

Phytophthora sexual phasePhytophthora sexual phase

Paragynous amphigynous Paragynous/ amphigynous

P. glovera

Paragynous Unusual shapes

P. cactorum P. capsici

oosporesPlerotic Aplerotic

AntheridiaMDL


Morphospecies Groups [Waterhouse (1963), Newhook et al. (1978), Stamps et al. 1990]Morphospecies Groups [Waterhouse (1963), Newhook et al. (1978), Stamps et al. 1990]

GROUP VGROUP V

P. megasperma

i.e. P.fragariae v. fragariae, v. rubi P. humicolaP.insolita, P. lateralis, P. medicaginis, P. sojae, 3

P

GROUP VIGROUP VI

P. cryptogeai.e P.cambivora, P. cinnamomi,

P. drechsleri,P.erythroseptica HO, P. gonapodyides

GROUP IVGROUP IV

P. infestans

i.e P. hibernalis HO, P.ilicis HO, P. mirabilis, P. phaseoli HO, P. colocasiae, P. eriugena, HO

Mostly HTMostly HT

Mostly HTMostly HTMostly HO

Mostly HO

GROUP IGROUP I

P. cactorumi.e P. clandestina, P. idaei, P.iranica,

P.italica, P.pseudotsugae, P.tentaculata

P

Mostly HOMostly HO GROUP IIIGROUP III

i.e P.cyperi, P.cyperi bulbosi, P. inflata,P. lepironiae, P. porri, P. primulae, 2

P

GROUP IIGROUP II

i.e P.boehmeriae, P.botryosa, P.capsici, P.pseudotsugae, P.tentaculata, P. meadii, 6

Mostly HTMostly HT

Mostly HOMostly HO

P. heveae HO P. citricolaA1 x A2

A1 x A2A1 x A2

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variability in morphological charactersvariability in morphological characterslimited no. of morphological characterslimited no. of morphological charactersoverlapping in morphological overlapping in morphological characterscharactersSome atypical isolatesSome atypical isolatesDifficulties in Difficulties in sporulationsporulationLack of expertise for identificationLack of expertise for identificationThe need of molecular characterizationThe need of molecular characterization

Problems in morphological ID of Phytophthora SpeciesProblems in morphological ID of Phytophthora SpeciesMDL


88 species described to 7/25/0888 species described to 7/25/08

THE MODERN ERA AND THE

PHYLOGENETIC - SPECIES

THE MODERN ERA AND THE

PHYLOGENETIC - SPECIES

EVOLUTION IN THE TAXONOMY PHYTOPHTHORAEVOLUTION IN THE TAXONOMY PHYTOPHTHORA

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Phytophthora molecular markersPhytophthora molecular markers

Lee and Taylor 1992- 1993First phylogeny

Lee and Taylor 1992- 1993First phylogeny

Cooke et al 1996 & 1997Group I – papillated – HO, RFLPCooke- et al 2000. phylogeny

Cooke et al 1996 & 1997Group I – papillated – HO, RFLPCooke- et al 2000. phylogeny

White et al. 1990, Primers– ITS 1,2,3,4,5White et al. 1990, Primers– ITS 1,2,3,4,5

Kroon et al. 2004Tefmt Cox IImt nad11β- tubulin

Kroon et al. 2004Tefmt Cox IImt nad11β- tubulin

Martin and Tooley 2003mt Cox I sequencing phylogeny

Martin and Tooley 2003mt Cox I sequencing phylogeny

Jaime Blair and Michael Coffey. 2007. Seven Nuclear and Mitochandrial MarkersJaime Blair and Michael Coffey. 2007. Seven Nuclear and Mitochandrial Markers

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CL1

CL2CL3

CL4CL5

CL6

CL7

CL8

Cooke et al. 2000. Fungal GeneticsAnd Biology 30, 17-32

Cooke et al. 2000. Fungal GeneticsAnd Biology 30, 17-32 Kroon et al. 2000. Fungal Genetics

And Biology 41, 766-782Kroon et al. 2000. Fungal Genetics

And Biology 41, 766-782

ITS TEF α 1 and β- TubulinMDL


A genus-wide phylogeny for Phytophthora using seven nuclear lociA genus-wide phylogeny for Phytophthora using seven nuclear lociMDL


2001 P. tropicalis Aragaki & UchidaP. oryzo-bladis (Wang and Lu) Ho P. pistaceae MirabolfathyP. polygony Zheng & Ho P. ramorum Werres, de Cock & Man In’t veld

2002 P. europaea Hansen & JungP. psichrophila Jung & HansenP. uliginosa Jung & HansenP. brassicae de Cock and Man in’t VeldP. ipomoeae Flier & Grünwald2003 P. inundata, Brasier, Sanchez-Hernadez & KirkP. pseudosyringae Jung & Delatour2004 P. alni Brasier & KirkP. inundata, Brasier, Sanchez-Hernadez & KirkP. hedraiandra de Cock & Man in’t VeldP. polygony Zheng & Ho

24 Species of Phytophthora described after Erwin and Ribeiro (1996)

2005P. kernoviae Brasier, Beales & Kirk2006P. captiosa Dick & DobbieP. fallax Dick & DobbieP.foliorum Donahoo & LamourP.polonica Belbahri, Melgarejo & Leford2007P. alticola Maseko, Coutinho & MJ Wingf. P. austrocedrae Gresl. & Hansen P. frigida Maseko, Coutinho & MJ Wingf. (2007)P. siskiyouensis Reeser & EM Hansen (2007)2008P. bisheria Abad ZG, Abad JA & LouwsP. gallica T Jung T & J NechwatalP. irrigata C Hong & M Gallegly (2008)P. parsiana Mostowfizadeh, Cooke & BanihashemiP. pinifolia AJ. Durán, Gryzenh. & MJ Wingf. P. quercetorum Balci & Balci

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7/25/08

1998 P. multivesiculata Ilieva, Man in’t Veld, Veenbaas-Rijks & Pieters1999P. quercina Jung

Phytophthora ‘taxons’ in process for official description

13 species in progress for official description

P. sp. andina Forbes et al.

P. sp. asparagi Cooke et al

P. taxon ‘cranberry’ Oudemans et al.

P. sp. glovera Abad & Shew

P. sp. kelmania Abad ZG & Abad JA

P. sp. morindae Abad ZG & Nelson S

P. sp. niederhauserii Abad ZG & Abad JA

P. sp. pelgrandis Nirenberg & Gerlarch

P. sp. personii Abad ZG et al.

P. sp. quercetorum Balci & Balci

P. sp. fragaefolia Shirai K & Shinmura

P. sp. hungarica Belbahri,L., Lefort,F., Calmin,G. and Oszako,T.

P. sp. sylvatica Belbahri,L., Lefort,F., Calmin,G. and Oszako,T.

16 putative new species

MIKE COFFEY’S GROUP

P. sp. carica

P. sp. cuyabensis

P. sp. erwinii

P. sp. lagoariana

Phytophthora sp. novaeguinee

P. sp. oregonsis

P. sp. sansomea

P. sp. sulawesiensis

P. sp. zentmeyerii

CLIVE BRASIER GROUP

Five putative new species in P. megaspermacomplex

DAVID COOKE (4), GLORIA ABAD (2)

Six putative new species in P. insolita complex

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Many species in progress for official descriptions. Some examples….

0.1

Phy.infestans.P6.4CIPCPhy.mirabilis.CBS678.85.CL1.IVPhy.sp. andina.EC3343Phy.ipomoeae.Pic99165Phy.phaseoli.CBS556.88.CL1.IV

Phy.infestans.IMI6606.CL1.IVPhy.clandestina.IMI287317.CL1.Phy.iranica.IMI158964.CL1.I

Phy.tentaculata.CBS552.96.CL1.999Phy.nicotianae.UQ848.CL1.II

704757

Phy.idaei.IDA3.CL1.IPhy.cactorum.IMI296524.CL1.IPhy.pseudotsugae.IMI331662.CL1Phy.hedraiandra.CBS111725

987

Phy.quercina.IFBQUE4

818

Phy.ilicis.ILI.P590.CL3.IVPhy.nemorosa.2055.2Phy.pseudosyringae.PSEU.12Phy.psychrophila.IFBPSY.2

500

Phy.heveae.IMI180616.CL5.IIPhy.katsurae.IMI360596.CL5.II1000

747

Phy.arecae.IMI348342.CL4.IIPhy.palmivora.UQ1294.CL4.II

Phy.megakarya.IMI337104.CL4.II982

413

Phy.botryosa.IMI136915.CL2.IIPhy.citrophthora.IMI332632.CL2

Phy.meadii.ZantesdPhy.colocasiae.IMI368918.CL2.I

Phy.tropicalis.P4742558

Phy.inflata.IMI342898.CL2.IIIPhy.citricola.IMI031372.CL2.IIPhy.capsici.IMI352321.CL2.IIPhy.sp. glovera.IS11095

728

Phy.multivesiculata.CBS545.96. Phy.bisheria.Cg2.33974

996

343

Phy.megaspermaII.P1276P.megaspermaIII.P250P.megaspermaIV.P1279Phy.megasperma.IMI133317.CL6.V

P.megaspermaV.P1280Phy.gonapodyides.P1047

Phytophthora.sp.P61Phytophthora.sp.P47

Phytophthora.sp.P51Phytophthora.Pgchlamydo.P510

Phytophthora.sp.P79Phytophthora.sp.P1044

Phytophthora.sp.Raspberry.P896Phytophthora.sp.P1049Phytophthora.sp.P1050Phytophthora.sp.cranberry.1410

326

Phytophthora.sp.P1054

802

Phytophthora.Salix.soil.P878976

Phytophthora.sp.KACC40449Phytophthora.sp.walnut.P532

Phytophthora.sp.apple.cherry.P988Phy.humicola.IMI302303.CL6.V

Phy.inundata.P1052831

1000

Phytophthora.sp.asparagus.VPRIPhytophthora.sp.asparagi.UQ214

1000

700

Phy.alni.sp.uniformis.P1375Phy.alni.sp.Alni.P772Phy.cambivora.IMI296524.CL7.VI

Phy.fragariae.v.fragariae.FVF=Phy.fragariae.v.rubi.FVR=03.CLPhy.alni.sp.Multiformis.P1256

Phy.europaea.IFBEUR2Phy.uliginosa.IFBULI.1

Phy.cinnamomi.DQ173250.001.AvoPhy.cinnamomi.UQ881.CL7.VI

843

Phy.cajani.P536.CL7.VIPhy.vignae.UQ136.CL7.VI

Phy.melonis.IMI325917Phy.sinensis.ATCC46538.CL7.VPhy.pistaciae.PIS15

Phy sp. niederhauserii.PPIL.01.511Phy.sojae.UQ1200.CL7.V

1000

Phy.erythroseptica.ATCC36302.CPhy.cryptogea.IMI045168.CL8.VIP.medicaginis.x.cryptogea.P74

Phy.drechsleri.ATCC46724.CL8.VPhy.medicaginis.UQ125.CL8.VPhy.trifolii.UQ2143.CL8.V

Phy.porri.CBS.567.86.CL8.IIIPhy.primulae.CBS620.97.CL8.III

Phy.brassicae.CBS782.971000Phy.syringae.IMI296829.CL8.III

576

966

Phy.ramorum.cc2467Phy.ramorum.20315247Phy.lateralis.IMI040503.CL8.V

Phy.hibernalis.ATCC.603521000

864

707

1000

Phy.avicenniae.CBS188.85Phy.polymorphica.CBS.680.841000

970

Phy.macrochlamydospora.IMI1832Phy.richardiae.IMI340618

Phy.kernoviae.P1571904

1000

Phytophthora.sp.C19.AY659738Phytophthora.sp.Rf17

Phytophthora.sp.Rf6Phytophthora.sp.SCRP237

Phytophthora.sp.C251000

Phy.insolita.IMI288805

Clade 1

Clade 3Clade 5

Clade 4

Clade 2

Clade 6

Clade 7

Clade 8

NO CClade 9

Clade 10NO C

RECENTLY DESCRIBED IN PROGRESS

ITS REGIONCL1

CL2CL3

CL4CL5

CL6

CL7

CL8



Gloria Abad, Ph.D.

MDL


P.sp. glovera

Phytopthora species in progress of drescription in the group of G. Abad

0.1

Phy.inflata.IMI342898.CL2.IIIP.inflata.03.2501.G24P.inflata.03.2000P.citricola.P47.112.3D.PerfectP.citricola.P47.116.E1Phy.citricola.IMI031372.CL2.IIP.citricola.03.2745.F.firPhytophthora.sp.03.338.Aucuba.Phythophthora.sp.Ph30.RhododenPhy.citrophthora.IMI332632.CL2Phy.botryosa.IMI136915.CL2.IIPhy.meadii.ZantesdPhy.colocasiae.IMI368918.CL2.I

604

P.glovera.11099.23P.glovera.11095.28P.glovera.11091.1.27P.glovera.P11085.26P.glovera.11083.1.25Phy.capsici.IMI352321.CL2.IIPhy.tropicalis.P4742Phythophthora.sp.Ph35.58.Hwang702

577

Phy.multivesiculata.CBS545.96.

623

P.bisheria.1680.AustraliaP.bisheria.P1.33.AF408625.straP.bisheria.Cg2.3.3.AY241924.stP.bisheria.

981

Phy.mirabilis.CBS678.85.CL1.IVPhy.andina.EC3343Phy.infestans.P6.4CIPCPhy.ipomoeae.Pic99165Phy.infestans.IMI6606.CL1.IVPhy.phaseoli.CBS556.88.CL1.IVPhy.clandestina.IMI287317.CL1.Phy.iranica.IMI158964.CL1.IPhy.tentaculata.CBS552.96.CL1.998

Phy.nicotianae.UQ848.CL1.II505623

Phy.cactorum.IMI296524.CL1.IPhy.idaei.IDA3.CL1.IPhy.pseudotsugae.IMI331662.CL1Phy.hedraiandra.CBS111725

1000

Phy.heveae.IMI180616.CL5.IIPhy.hevea.05.495.G24Phy.katsurae.IMI360596.CL5.II

371

Phy.ilicis.ILI.P590.CL3.IVPhy.pseudosyringae.PSEU.12Phy.nemorosa.2055.2Phy.psychrophila.IFBPSY.2Phy.quercina.IFBQUE4605

413

Phy.arecae.IMI348342.CL4.IIPhy.palmivora.UQ1294.CL4.IIPhy.megakarya.IMI337104.CL4.II955

453

339

Phy.megasperma.IMI133317.CL6.VPhytophthora.sp.02.867.strawbeP.megasperma.03.660.strawberryPhytophthora.P47.102.7.BC. H08Phythophthora.sp.Ph30.50.2.02Phythophthora.sp.Ph31.51.9.P72Phy.megaspermaII.P1276Phy.sp.03.326.F.fir.homothalliP.megaspermaIII.P250P.megaspermaIV.P1279P.megaspermaV.P1280Phy.gonapodyides.P1047Phytophthora.Pgchlamydo.P510Phytophthora.sp.P47Phytophthora.sp.P51Phytophthora.sp.P79Phytophthora.sp.P61Phytophthora.sp.Raspberry.P896Phytophthora.sp.P1049Phytophthora.sp.P1050Phytophthora.sp.cranberry.1410Phytophthora.sp.P1054Phytophthora.sp.P1044Phytophthora.Salix.soil.P878P.personii.P31.51.4.P1YA.S.TobP.personii.P31.51.5.G24.TobaccP.personii.P31.5.6.P56.X5.TobaP.personii.P31.51.8.P38-XS.TobPhy.humicola.IMI302303.CL6.VPhy.inundata.P1052962

Phytophthora.sp.KACC40449Phytophthora.sp.walnut.P532Phytophthora.sp.apple.cherry.P925939

1000

Phytophthora.sp.asparagus.VPRIPhytophthora.sp.asparagi.UQ214

982

261

Phy.alni.sp.uniformis.P1375Phy.cambivora.IMI296524.CL7.VIPhy.alni.sp.Alni.P772Phy.fragariae.v.fragariae.FVF=Phy.fragariae.v.rubi.FVR=03.CLPhy.alni.sp.Multiformis.P1256Phy.europaea.IFBEUR2Phy.uliginosa.IFBULI.1Phy.cinnamomi.DQ173250.001.AvoP.cinnamomi.Ph131.1AP.cinnamomi.05.728.Blue.HollyPhy.cinnamomi.UQ881.CL7.VI

828

P.niederhauserii.Cistus.CalifoP.niederhauseria.01.5112.ArvorP.niederhauseria.01.6056.EngliP.niederhauserii.32023.AustralP.niederhauserii.32086.AustralP.niederhauserii.32022.AustralPhy.cajani.P536.CL7.VIPhy.vignae.UQ136.CL7.VIPhy.melonis.IMI325917Phy.sinensis.ATCC46538.CL7.VPhy.pistaciae.PIS15

539

Phy.sojae.UQ1200.CL7.V

1000

Phytophthora.03.2633

506

P.kelmania.Ph148.G311P.kelmania.01.5341.F.Fraser.FiP.kelmania.01.5341.N.North.FirP.kelmania.02.200.F.Fir.P.kelmania.02.119.A.G41Phy.cryptogea.IMI045168.CL8.VIPhy.erythroseptica.ATCC36302.CPhy.drechsleri.ATCC46724.CL8.VP.medicaginis.x.cryptogea.P74Phy.medicaginis.UQ125.CL8.VPhy.trifolii.UQ2143.CL8.VPhy.porri.CBS.567.86.CL8.IIIPhy.primulae.CBS620.97.CL8.IIIPhy.brassicae.CBS782.971000

473

Phy.syringae.IMI296829.CL8.III908

Phy.ramorum.cc2467Phy.ramorum.20315247Phy.lateralis.IMI040503.CL8.VPhy.hibernalis.ATCC.60352999672

172

1000

Phy.avicenniae.CBS188.85Phy.polymorphica.CBS.680.841000

946

Phy.kernoviae.P1571

640

Phy.macrochlamydospora.IMI1832Phy.richardiae.IMI340618

976

Phytophthora.sp.C19.AY659738Phytophthora.sp.Rf17Phytophthora.P9.001Phytophthora.sp.Rf6Phytophthora.sp.SCRP237826

Phytophthora.sp.C2505.1205.Pond.H20.5.11000Phy.insolita.IMI288805

P.sp. gloveraP.bisheria

P.sp. personii

P.sp. niederhauserii

P. sp.kelmania

ITS REGIONITS REGION

P. sp. kelmania

P. sp. niederhauserii

P. bisheria,

P. sp. personii

Clade 8

Clade 7

P. cryptogea

NON-PAPILLATED (1)

Clade 6Clade 5

PAPILLATED

Clade 1

Clade 4

P. cactorum

Clade 2

Clade 3

P. citrophthora

INTEGRATING MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FOR A UNIFIED TAXONOMY OF PHYTOPHTHORA

MDL


ITS

G. Abad2004

PhylotreeMichael Coffey 2007

7 DNA molecularmarkers

INTEGRATING MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FOR A UNIFIED TAXONOMY OF PHYTOPHTHORA

P. cactorum

P. citricola

P. erytroseptica

PAPILLATE

SEMIPAPILLATE

NON-PAPILLATE

MDL


G. Abad 2008

INTEGRATED MORPHOLOGICAL/MOLECULAR (PICTORIAL/PHYLOGENTIC) KEY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF 80 ??? PHYTOPHTHORA SPECIESSPECIES IN COOKE CLADE 2

ASEXUAL STAGE

SPORANGIOPHPORE SPORANGIA CHLAMYDOSPORES HYPHAL SWELLINGSP. tropicalis

P. inflata SPC -Pe -Pr +

ABSENT ABSENT Ch -Hs -

P. citricola SPC -Pe -Pr -


30-75 x21-44 av 47x34P. capsici P?

C +Pe LPr -Ch +/-Hs +

30-60 x 25-35 umP. glovera 11099-23 SP

C -Pe -Pr -


INTEGRATED MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYLOGENTIC KEY-2007INTEGRATED MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYLOGENTIC KEY-2007MDL


Phytophthora species in CLADE 2

Phytophthora species in CLADE 2

INTEGRATED MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYLOGENTIC

KEY-2007

INTEGRATED MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYLOGENTIC

KEY-2007

MDL


In Progress by ZG Abad

INTEGRATED MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYLOGENTIC KEY-2007INTEGRATED MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYLOGENTIC KEY-2007

In Progress by ZG Abad

MDL


Urban bee species of the San Francisco Bay areaUrban bee species of the San Francisco Bay areaLucid Keys HygrophoraceaeLucid Keys Hygrophoraceae

LISENCETO

Z.G.ABAD2008

SOFTWARE

CENTRE FOR BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF QUENSLAND - AUSTRALIA

CENTRE FOR BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF QUENSLAND - AUSTRALIA

LUCID KEYOOMYCETES- PHYTOPHTHORA

By Gloria Abad and Michael Coffey

FUTUREPYTHIUM

PHYTOPYTHIUM nov. gen PYTHIOGETON

EXAMPLESEXAMPLES

MDL


http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/identification/phytophthora/index.shtml

methods for identification of - phytophthoradb.org · durán a, gryzenhout m, slippers b, ahumada...

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