LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY

METHODS OF LANGUAGE TEACHING

1) Grammar-translation method2) Direct method3) Reading approach4) Audiolingual method5) The silent way6) Suggestopedia7) Community language learning8) Total physical response9) The natural way10) Communicative language teaching

Grammar-Translation Method (early 19th century)

Systematic study of the prescribed grammar of classical Latin and classical texts.

Instruction given in mother tongueTeacher does not have to be able to speak target

languageDrills are exercises in translating disconnected

sentences from the target language into the mother tongue, and vice versa.

Direct Approach (1886)

Established Phonetics becomes an issue in language teaching

No use of the mother tongue is permitted

Actions and pictures are used to make meanings clear

Reading Approach

Reading is viewed as the most appropriate skill to have in a foreign language since many people did not travel abroad

Only the grammar useful for reading comprehension is taught;

Reading comprehension is the only language skill emphasized

AUDIO- LINGUAL APPROACH (1939-1945 )

This method is based on the principles of behavior psychology.

Overcoming native language habits; form new target language habits.

Vocabulary is strictly limited and learned in context

Intersperse short periods of drill (about 10 minutes) with very brief alternative activities to avoid fatigue and boredom.

SILENT WAY/ COGNITIVE APPROACH

(1960)

To create simple linguistic situations that remain under the complete control of the teacher .

This method emphasizes the autonomy of the learners

Reading and writing are once again important as listening and speaking

Suggestopedia/ Affective - Humanistic Approach

(1976)

Class atmosphere is viewed as more important than materials or methods;

The teacher should be proficient in the target language and the student’s native language since translation may be used heavily in the initial stages to help students feel at ease; later it is gradually phased out.

Learners were encouraged to be as “childlike” as possible.

Community Language Learning

Teacher plays role as a counselor, and student as client

Emphasize the sense of community in learning group

There is no syllabus or textbook to follow, the student determine the lesson themselves

TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE

Combines information and skills through the use of the kinesthetic sensory system.

Main aim is to reduce the stress. Students speak when they are ready. After learning to respond to oral

commands the students learn to read and write

NATURAL APPROACH

This method emphasized development of basic personal communication skills

Focus of instruction is on communication rather than it form

Speech production comes slowly and is never forced

Early speech goes through natural stages (yes or no response, one word answer to complete sentence)

Communicative Language Teaching

The method stresses on learning to communicate through the target language

Interact with others in the target language; negotiate meaning.

Focus in on meaning, not form Material is presented in context

OUR ENVIRONME

NT Reading : Speaking : Listening : Writing :

EXERCISE