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EMC – CISPR15
Methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment
Rohde & Schwarz Belgium
ROHDE & SCHWARZ BelgiumExcelsiorlaan 31 B11930 ZaventemBelgium
Office: +32 2 721 50 02Direct: +32 2 704.40.42Fax: +32 2 725 09 36E-mail:[email protected]
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Jos Westhof-JacobsAccount Manager
Systems & ProjectsProduct Manager
EMC & Tempest
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CISPR 15 – Overview
l The standardl Scopel Normative referencesl What to measurel Application of limitsl Operating conditionsl LED Luminaires
l Methods of measurementl Insertion Lossl Disturbance Voltagesl Radio Electromagnetic Disturbancel New: CDN-E Method
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CISPR 15 – Scope and current status
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CISPR 15 – Normative references
CISPR15 IEC:2005+A1:2006 – RF
l IEC 60050 : 1990l IEC 60155 : 1993l IEC 60598-1 : 2003l IEC 61000-4-6 : 2003l CISPR 11 : 2003l CISPR 16 : 2003l CISPR 22 : 2005
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CISPR 15 – What to measure ?
l Insertion Lossl 150 kHz – 1605 kHz (dB)
l Disturbance Voltagel 9 kHz – 30 MHz (dBµV)l QP and AVG detectorl Mains, Load & Control terminals
l Radiated EM disturbancel Magnetic field : 9 kHz – 30 MHz (dBµA) - Limit line acc. loop diameterl Electric Field: 30 MHz – 300 MHz (dBµV/m) – acc. CISPR 22 @ 10ml QP detectorl Alternative method : CDN METHOD
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CISPR 15 – Application of limits
l Indoor luminairesl Independent auxiliaries exclusively for use with lighting equipmentl Self-ballasted lampsl Outdoor lighting appliancesl UV and IR radiation appliancesl Transport lightingl Neon and other advertising signsl Self-contained emergency lighting luminairesl Replaceable starters for fluorescent lamps
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CISPR 15 – Operating conditions
l Lighting equipmentl Normal operating conditions as given in IEC 60598 for luminaires
l Supply voltage and frequencyl +/- 2% of the rated voltage & at nominal frequency of the mains supply
l Ambient conditionsl Within 15 & 25 Degr.
l Lampsl Type (highest wattage rating allowed)l Ageing time (at least 2h up to 100h depending on lamp type)l Stabilisation time (5 / 15 / 30 min depending on lamp type)
l Replaceable startersl If necessary (IEC60155) replace by standardized capacitor
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CISPR 15 – Evolution in LuminairesThe difference with Edison and others
110/230VAC 12VDC/230VAC 8..230VAC/DC Any Voltage – Endless possibilitiesNearly Disturbance Transformers Transformers Transformers / LED InvertorEasy Control Easy control E-Ballasts Complex Drivers
Drive Circuit Drive Circuits High frequencies
Edison Halogen Fluorescent LED
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CISPR 15 – LED LuminairesThe difference with Edison and others
0
10
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Required Power perLumen
Cost ROI (5Y) EMI Disturbance
Edison Halogen Fluorescent LED
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CISPR 15 – LED LuminairesThe approach by…
EMCStandards Manufacturers
Workinggroups
EMCLabs
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CISPR 15 – LED LuminairesThe approach by…
l E.g. TUV Rheinland…
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CISPR 15 – LED LuminairesThe approach by…
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CISPR 15 – LED Luminaires
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CISPR 15 – LED LuminaresThe approach by…
Some LED manufacturer’s declarations of conformity…
Manufacturer A:
Manufacturer B:
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CISPR 15 – Overview
l The standardl Scopel Normative referencesl What to measurel Application of limitsl Operating conditionsl LED Luminaires
l Methods of measurementl Insertion Lossl Disturbance Voltagesl Radio Electromagnetic Disturbancel New: CDN-E Method
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CISPR 15 – Insertion loss measurementTest setup (example)
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CISPR 15 – Insertion loss measurementTest setup (example)
l The insertion loss is the ratio between 2 voltages 20xlog(U1/U2)l U1: connect the output terminals of the transformer to the AMNl U2: insert the dummy lamp between the transformer and measure at the AMNl Need for
l RF signal generatorl BALUN (balance-to-unbalance convertor)l EMI receiver, or RF Millivoltmeterl AMN (LISN) (CISPR-16)l Dummy lamp(s)l Some wiring
l Limits acc. Table 1 : 150 kHz – 1605 kHz
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CISPR 15 – Insertion loss measurementExample of a Dummy Lamp
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CISPR 15 – Method of disturbance voltagesWhat is disturbance voltage ?
l Typical conducted EMI measurement using an EMI Receiver with QP and AVGdetector
l Mainsl Via AMN (LISN) directly on the terminalsl Limits acc. Table 2a (9 kHz – 30 MHz)
l Load terminall Via a proper 1500 Ohms RF Voltage probel Limits acc. Table 2b (150 kHz – 30 MHz)
l Control terminall Via ISN’s acc CISPR 22l Limits acc. Table 2c (150 kHz – 30 MHz)
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CISPR 15 – Method of disturbance voltagesTest setup (example)
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CISPR 15 – Method of radio EM disturbances
l MAGNETIC Field measurement using an EMI receiverl Triple loop antenna with appropriate diameter (2/3/4m)l Measurement in 3 directions (X-Y-Z)l Setup acc. CISPR 16-1-4
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CISPR 15 – Method of radio EM disturbances
l ELECTRIC Field measurement using an EMI receiverl By the amendment 1 to Ed.7 of CISPR 15, radiated disturbance measurements in
the frequency range from 30 – 300 MHz become applicable
l The measurement shall be performed– At a distance of 10m in an OATS or Semi Anechoic Chamber– In accordance with CISPR 22 (clause 10)– Examples of test arrangement are given in annex C
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CISPR 15 – Method of radio EM disturbancesAnnex C
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CISPR 15 – Method of radio EM disturbancesCDN Method (Annex B)
l ELECTRIC field measurement – Alternative method with CDNl Common mode voltage measurementl Need for CDN acc. EN61000-4-6l Voltage at the RF output of each CDN is measured with EMI Receiver and
– 120 kHz BW & QP detector– Take into account the CDN voltage division factor– Take into account the 6dB attenuator
l Unfortunately the typical CDN’s acc. EN61000-4-6 was not really accepted by a joint taskforce of CISPR/A and CISPR/F with respect to measurement method and validationprocedures.
l But ! Nowadays alternative CDNE’s are available up to 300 MHz, with additionalparameter specification
– for phase of the common mode impedance of 150 Ohms– for phase and magnitude of the differential mode impedance of 100 Ohms
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CISPR 15 – Method of radio EM disturbancesCDN Method (Annex B)
l ELECTRIC field measurement – Alternative method with CDN
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CISPR 15 – Method of radio EM disturbancesCDN Method (Annex B)
l Measurement of Voltage Division Factor when using CDN-’E’
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CISPR 15 – Solutions from R&SWe offer:
l State-of-the-art EMI Receiversl Various LISN’s (AMN’s – V-Networks)l Voltage Probesl Triple Loop Antennasl Dummy Lampsl Coupling-Decoupling-Networks (CDN-’E’)l EMI Software (EMC32)l Anechoic Chambersl Consultancy, design, integration, installation and trainingl Calibration, service and maintenance
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CISPR 15 – Any questions ?
Rohde & Schwarz [email protected] +32 2 704 40 42fax +32 2 725 09 36http://www.rohde-schwarz.com