mexico city and the un decade of action for road safety - martha hijar - national academy of...
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Mexico City and the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety!
Transforming Transportation 2013!
! Presented at Transforming Transportation 2013!
! Martha Híjar, PhD!! Senior Researcher!! National Academy of Medicine, Mexico!
CITIES AND THE DECADE OF ACTION ON ROAD SAFETY
Implica(ons of the Decade of Ac(on on Road Safety The case of Mexico City
Martha Híjar PhD Senior researcher
TRANSFORMING TRANSPORTATION Washington DC / January 17-‐18, 2013
Souce: adapted from the world report of road safety WHO 2009
FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEFINITION OF THE ROAD SAFETY PILLARS
Systemic approach
Approaches to Road Safety
TradiAonal approach:
• AcAons and mecanisms • knowledge and • rules of behaviour, • to use the urban roads correctly.
Integral and modern Approach • Measurements of urban design, • safe coexistence of every actor • social character of the street.
Fuente: Sanz alduán, Alfonso. Calmar el Tráfico. Pasos para una nueva cultura de la movilidad urbana. 3º edición. Madrid 2008. Ministerio de Fomento, España.
Road safety management
Safe roads mobility
Safe vehicles
Road user behaviour
Post crash care
Regional road safety instruments.
Safety and protec(ve quality of road networks for the all road users
Develop programmes to improve road user behaviour
Improve health systems to provide appropriate emergency treatment
PILLAR 2 Safe roads mobility
Raise the inherent safety and protec(ve quality of road networks for the benefit of all road users, especially the most vulnerable.
Courtesy Baranda B
PILLAR 4: Road user behavior • Develop comprehensive programs to improve road user behavior. • Sustained or increased enforcement of laws and standards, combined with
• Public awareness/educa(on to increase
• SEAT-‐BELT and
• HELMET WEARING rates, and INDIVIDUAL RISK
FACTORS
• to reduce DRINK-‐DRIVING, MOTOR CRASHES
• SPEED, and other risk factors
HOME HOME
PARTNERS OFFICE RESTAURANTE
SCHOOL
PHYSICIAN
5 TRIPS 28 Kms.
OFFICE
13 TRIPS 46 Kms.
SHOPING SCHOOL BUS STOP
BUS STOP
GROCERY STORE
Source: Alcântara de Vasconcelos Eduardo,2008
MOBILITY PATTERNS ACCORDING FAMILY INCOME
LOW HIGH 4 PERSONS NO CAR 4 PERSONS TWO CARS
PUBLIC TRANSPORT BY FOOT CAR TAXI BIKE
WHAT MEANS MOBILITY ON URBAN AREAS?
CITY LIFE AGE WORK INCOME (social class) RESIDENCE DAILY ACTIVITIES
• TECHNICAL PROBLEM a SOCIAL AND POLITICAL issue
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Pedestrian Cyclist Motorcyclist Occupants Other RTI
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011*
RTI Mortality rates by type of road user Mexico City 2007-2011
RATES/100,000 IHAB
ITAN
TS
TYPE OF ROAD USER
YEAR
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Pedestrian Cyclist Motorcyclist Occupants Other RTI
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011*
RATES/100,000 IHAB
ITAN
TS YEAR
TYPE OF ROAD USER
RTI Hospital discharge rates by type of road user Mexico City 2007-2011
Mexico City Context ROAD TRAFFIC
VS ROAD SAFETY
� MODEL (CAR ORIENTED) MOST DISADVANTAGED
� Needs of individual mobility PARTIALLY SOLVED
� MODES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION but not interconnected
� Adverse effects: Environmental, human hours lost, physical and MENTAL HEALTH
� Severe externality ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES,
Source: Naci, H., Chisholm, D., Baker, T.D., 2009. Distribu(on of road traffic deaths by road user group: a global comparison. Injury Preven(on 15, 55–59
DistribuAon of road traffic fataliAes by road user in low, middle and high income countries
74%
51% 61%
20%
49%
36% 47%
9%
12%
11%
14%
6%
8%
12%
2%
5%
8%
5%
6%
2%
4%
12%
23%
20%
31%
32%
43% 23%
2% 8%
1%
31%
8% 10% 14%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
North America
Caribe Latino
Caribe no latino
Cono sur
Meso América
Andina TOTAL
Others and unespecified
Pedestrians
Cyclists
Motorcyclists
Motor vehicle occupants
CAUSES OF DEATH BY ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES LAS AMERICAS REGION 2009
Source: Reporte regional sobre seguridad vial en Las Américas. PAHO 2010
Unplanned urbanizaHon
• Air pollu(on • Basic services • Sedentary lifestyle • Unhealthy diets • Injuries
• Urban poor • Older adults • Immigrant groups • Indigenous popula(on
COMMUNITY DESIGN AND HEALTH
• Obesity, physical ac(vity, CVD • Water quan(ty and quality
• Air pollu(on and asthma • Climate change contribu(on • ↑ Car crashes • ↑ Pedestrian injuries • Mental health impact • ↓ Social capital
Related to land use
Related to automobile dependency
Related to social processes
Exposure: pedestrian or cyclist
Outcome Longevity Disease preven(on
CHD Cancer Diabetes Stroke
Health promo(on Mental health
Walking and cycling as physical ac(vity or as a mobility need?
CONTEXT IS IMPORTANT
WALK AND CYCLING ARE DANGEROUS BUT NOT TO DO IT IS MORE DANGEROUS
INEQUITIES
SOCIAL CAPITAL
DEVELOPMENT OF A INTEGRATIVE MODEL FOR
ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT
GOVERANCE AND SUSTENTABILITY
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION INTERSETORIALITY AND SOCIAL NETWORKS
PUBLIC POLICY
KNOWLEDGE RESULTS
PARTICIPATORY PROCESS
HEALTH
Conceptual model for Safety Promotion
CHALLENGES THE INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORS SAFETY PROMOTION MODERN, COMPREHENSIVE AND INCLUSIVE ROAD SAFETY APPROACH NEW PARADIGM FOR MOBILITY. WALK SAFETY AND INTERCONNECTED WITH THE REST OF THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM. INCLUDE MORE DETAILED ACTIONS BY TYPE OF ROAD ACTOR AT THE DECADE OF ACTION FOR ROAD SAFETY TO PROMOTE THE MOBILITY OF A SAFE, EQUITABLE, HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE WAY FOR ALL AND EACH ROAD ACTOR MOBILITY POLICIES BASED ON EVIDENCE BASE THINK GLOBALLY/ ACT LOCALLY (The importance of the context)
Man has lost the power to conceive himself as something other than a user of motorized transport. He has lost consciousness of the physical , social and psychological powers available to him because of his feet. He has forgooen to mark the scope of his domains with his footprints, or to meet with the neighbors walking around a park. He can’t find anyone without crashing, nor can he arrive without a motor dragging him
YVAN ILLYCH CONFERENCE ABOUT MEXICO CITY Universidad Autónoma de México 1970 (42 years ago)
Transforming Transportation 2013!
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Transforming Transportation 2013!