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Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac

O|kdsktc ^|go|khhcq y ;>

Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac

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Bfqtg|fa vct jg|wk|d(tbfemfeo ked agetch~g|k|v) tv~fakiiv Dstab vct hsitfasits|ki

ked zfl|ket) Hkkqt|fabt fq k aftv gj aget|kqtq% Egt geiv fq Hkkqt|fabt tbc lf|tb~ikac

gj tbc hgdc|e Cs|g~cke Sefge) ft kiqg agetfescq tg cqtklifqb ftqcij fetc|ektfgekiiv

tbkemq tg Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftvq ~gqftfge kq k ickdfeo kakdchfa acet|c fe Cs|g~c%

Lcvged lgsedk|fcq

_ftb gzc| bkij gj ftq hkqtc|q qtsdcetq ked k tbf|d gj ftq kakdchfa qtkjj aghfeo j|gh gstqfdc

tbc Ectbc|ikedq) Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftv bkq k |c~stktfge jg| {skiftv ked jg| ftq fetc|ektfgeki

g|fcetktfge ked dvekhfa) fetc|dfqaf~ifek|v cezf|gehcet% Hgqt gj gs| hkqtc|q ~|go|khhcq k|c

tksobt fe Ceoifqb ked fetc|ektfgeki tbchcq k|c dcc~iv |ggtcd fe tbc as||fasik% Kt Hkkqt|fabt

Sefzc|qftv) vgs wfii lc ceags|kocd tg iggm ka|gqq t|kdftfgeki lgsedk|fcq jg| keqwc|q) iggmfeo tg

gtbc| dc~k|thcetq) dfqaf~ifecq) feqtftstcq) sefzc|qftfcq ked fetc|ektfgeki qabgik|q tg ~|gzfdc

lcttc| feqfobt fetg vgs| gwe cdsaktfge ked |cqck|ab%

Ecw ~c|q~catfzcq

Kq k hkqtc|q qtsdcet) vgs k|c k aget|flstfeo hchlc| gj gs| kakdchfa aghhseftv% Sqfeo

tbc |glich(Lkqcd Ick|efeo hctbgdgigov) vgs wg|m fe qhkii o|gs~q kigeoqfdc qtsdcetq j|gh

kii gzc| tbc wg|id% Fe aigqc agg~c|ktfge wftb tbc kakdchfa qtkjj) vgs ked vgs| jciigw qtsdcetq

qccm qgistfgeq tg |cki(wg|id ~|glichq% Vgs crabkeoc megwicdoc ked cr~c|fceacq) ick|e tg qcc

tbfeoq j|gh ecw ~c|q~catfzcq) ked dczcig~ qmfiiq tbkt wfii ikqt k ifjctfhc%

\cqck|ab

\cqck|ab kt Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftv jgasqcq ge okfefeo feqfobtq fetg as||cet fqqscq fe tgdkvq

qgafctv% Ked wc |cagoefqc tbc zkisc gj l|fobt) vgseo |cqck|abc|q fe aget|flstfeo tg tbc

dczcig~hcet gj j|cqb ked feegzktfzc fdckq% Tbkt fq wbv |cqck|ab ~ikvq ke fetco|ki |gic fetbc hk`g|ftv gj gs| hkqtc|q ~|go|khhcq ked wbv wc gjjc| k eshlc| gj |cqck|ab hkqtc|q

jgasqcd qgiciv ge tbc t|kfefeo gj jsts|c |cqck|abc|q%

Ak|cc|

Js|tbc| q~cafkifqfeo fe vgs| cid lv ck|efeo k hkqtc|q dco|cc kt Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftv wfii

o|cktiv cebkeac vgs| ak|cc| ~|gq~catq% Tbc cjjcatfzcecqq gj gs| k~~|gkab tg cdsaktfge ked

|cqck|ab fq dchgeqt|ktcd lv tbc ~c|jg|hkeac gj gs| o|kdsktcq% Tbcv k|c qcij(kqqs|cd)

fedc~cedcet ked kqqc|tfzc ~|gjcqqfgekiq wbg k|c klic tg hkmc k qhggtb t|keqftfge j|gh

sefzc|qftv tg tbc gl hk|mct lcaksqc tbcv jgasq ge hg|c tbke sqt tbcg|v= tbcv kiqg ick|e

tbc qmfiiq tbcv eccd tg bkzc k qsaacqqjsi ak|cc|%

Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftv0Ickdfeo fe Ick|efeo

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1

Fet|gdsatfge

_c lcifczc tbkt qafcetfa cr~ig|ktfge ked cr~ikektfge k|c

kdzcets|gsq cedckzgs|q |c{sf|feo dfqaf~ifec ked a|cktfzftv%

Tbc Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac seftcq tbc

craciiceac gj tbc jkasitfcq gj Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftv ked tbc

fe~st gj ickdfeo qabgik|q j|gh gtbc| sefzc|qftfcq ked |cqck|ab

feqtftstcq% Tbcf| gfet cjjg|tq ~|gzfdc ke kakdchfa jg|sh tg

dfqasqq) dfqagzc| ked ick|e fe ke g~ce(hfedcd kthgq~bc|c%

Qabgik|iv |cqck|ab fq hktabcd lv qgafkiiv chlcddcd as|fgqftv

ked lv tbc dcqf|c tg aget|flstc tg tbc kekivtfaki hk~~feo gj

~|glichq ked qgistfgeq% Tbc gl`catfzc fq tg cebkeac feocesftv

fe tcabefaki ked ~giftfaki q~bc|cq% Qg~bfqtfaktfge fq |c{sf|cd

jg| ftq aget|flstfge tg qfh~ifjv tbc wg|id fe g|dc| tg okfe klcttc| sedc|qtkedfeo gj ftq abkiiceocq% Tbc Qabggi ked ftq

qtkjj k|c dcdfaktcd tg tbcqc tkqmq ked wket tg qbk|c tbcf|

cetbsqfkqh wftb |cqck|abc|q ked qtsdcetq% _c wk|hiv

wciaghc kii wbg wket tg aget|flstc tg gs| hfqqfge%

^|gjcqqg| Ab|fq dc Ecslgs|o

Agetcetq

Fet|gdsatfge 1

Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac 4

Gs| qtsdcetq 3

_bkt tg cr~cat7 3

Ick|efeo ked tckabfeo 3

Hkqtc| gj Qafceac fe ^slifa gifav ked Bshke :

Dczcig~hcet

^bD ^|go|khhcq ;6

^bD ^|go|khhc fe ^slifa gifav ked ^gifav Kekivqfq

Dski Ak|cc| bD ^|go|khhc fe Ogzc|ekeac ked ^gifav

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Tbc katfgeq gj ~slifa kstbg|ftfcq qbk~c tbc ifzcq gj fedfzfdskiq

ka|gqq tbc oiglc% Tbc fh~kat gj tbcqc katfgeq gjtce |ckabcq

hsab js|tbc| tbke g|fofekiiv fetcedcd ked qghctfhcq jk|

lcvged tbc ~bvqfaki lg|dc|q gj ektfge qtktcq% Tbc ~|gacqq gj

ogzc|efeo fq eg igeoc| tbc craisqfzc |cq~geqflfiftv gj ~giftfafkeq

ked afzfi qc|zketq% Tgdkv wc dcec ogzc|efeo kq k ~|gacqq

fezgizfeo hkev ikvc|q gj ~slifa kstbg|ftfcq |keofeo j|gh fetc|(

ektfgeki g|okefqktfgeq tg igaki kdhfefqt|ktfgeq% Qchf(~|fzktc)

~|fzktc ked ege(ogzc|ehcetki ~k|tfcq k|c lcaghfeo fea|ckq(

feoiv fh~g|tket katg|q fe kii qtkocq gj tbc agh~icr ~gifav

~|gacqqcq) |keofeo j|gh tbc ageac~tskifqktfge ked dcqfoe)

tg tbc fh~ichcetktfge ked czkisktfge gj ~gifav katfgeq%

Tbc ageac~t gj oggd ogzc|ekeac |cjc|q tg cjafcet ked cjjca(

tfzc ~gifafcq tbkt |cdsac tbc abkeacq gj ag||s~tfge ked wkqt(

koc% Cr~c|fceac qbgwq sq tbkt oggd ogzc|ekeac fq egt qghc(

tbfeo tbkt ake lc fh~ichcetcd gzc|efobt% Tbc dczcig~hcet gjk oggd) wcii(lkikeacd ~gifav |c{sf|cq fedc~cedcet ~|gjcqqfge(

kiq% Tbc Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac t|kfeq

o|kdsktcq tg aghlfec k bfob iczci gj kakdchfa qabgik|qbf~

wftb ickdc|qbf~ fe g|dc| tg qt|ceotbce dchga|ktfa ogzc|ekeac

fe dghcqtfa ked fetc|ektfgeki g|okefqktfgeq% Tbc Qabggi

cdsaktcq tbcqc ~|gjcqqfgekiq ked |cqck|abc|q fe ~gifav kekiv(

qfq) |fqm kqqcqqhcet) ~gifav dcqfoe) ~gifav hgeftg|feo) ~gifav

czkisktfge ked hctbgdq ked tcabef{scq gj ~gifav |cqck|ab%

Tbc hkqtc|q ked ^bD ~|go|khhcq) tbc |cqck|ab ked t|kfefeo

katfzftfcq agzc| k wfdc |keoc gj tg~faq ked fqqscq |keofeo j|gh

oggd ogzc|ekeac tg tcabefaki kq~catq gj ~gifav ekeafeo%Kii gj tbc Qabggiq kakdchfa katfzftfcq qbk|c ke kekivtfaki

k~~|gkab tg ~gifav ~|glichq ked tbcg|ctfaki ~|glichq

|ciczket tg ~gifav dcqfoe ked fh~ichcetktfge% Tbc hkqtc|q

~|go|khhc gjjc|q q~cafkifqktfgeq fe qgafki ~gifav) bckitb)

qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet) hfo|ktfge ked t|kdc ked dczcig~(

hcet% Tbc bD ~|go|khhcq jgasq ge |cqck|ab hctbgdq ked

kdzkeacd t|kfefeo fe ~gifav kekivqfq ked ftq sedc|ivfeo dfqaf(

~ifecq% Tbc tg~faq agzc|cd fe tbc kakdchfa |cqck|ab gj tbc

Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac "HOQgO&

jciigwq kt tbc Qabggi k|c hkefjgid= |cacet s~dktcq ge tbc

tg~faq ked ge tbc kakdchfa katfzftfcq "wg|mqbg~q) qchfek|q)

qshhc| qabggiq) ~|gjcqqfgeki t|kfefeo& ake lc jgsed ge gs|

wclqftc www%hkkqt|fabtsefzc|qftv%ei'ogzc|ekeac

Gs| qtsdcetq

_c wciaghc bfobiv hgtfzktcd qtsdcetq j|gh k zk|fctv gj

~|gjcqqfgeki ked kakdchfa lkamo|gsedq% Kii qtsdcetq bkzc k

qt|geo kakdchfa |cag|d) k dchgeqt|ktcd aghhfthcet tg

~slifa "fetc|ektfgeki& kjjkf|q ked ke gstqtkedfeo ~gtcetfki jg|

ak|cc| o|gwtb ked ickdc|qbf~% _c bkzc k hsitf(asits|ki hfr

j qtsdcetq ked |cqck|abc|q wbg aghc j|gh gzc| 33 agset|fcq

k|gsed tbc wg|id "jg| crkh~ic) Lbstke) tbc SQK) Oc|hkev)

^c|s) Ksqt|kifk) Abfek) Ctbfg~fk) Fedgecqfk) tbc Seftcd Mfeodgh)Splcmfqtke) @g|dke) Kilkefk) tbc Ectbc|ikedq) Oc|hkev ked

hkev hg|c%&% Tbfq dfzc|qftv |cqsitq fe k qtfhsiktfeo liced gj

agset|v(q~cafa megwicdoc ked fedfzfdski "wg|m& cr~c|fceac

wbc|c qtsdcetq egt geiv ick|e j|gh tbcf| tckabc|q lst kiqg

j|gh ckab gtbc|% Tbfq aget|flstcq tg k ifzciv ked g~ce(hfedcd

cezf|gehcet fe wbfab qtsdcetq wfii qgge jcci kt bghc%

_bkt tg cr~cat7

Fetceqfzc gec(vck| hkqtc|q ~|go|khhc Abkiiceofeo ^bD ~|go|khhcq wftbfe k wciaghfeo |cqck|ab

aghhseftv

Qbg|t ags|qcq jg| ~|gjcqqfgekiq ked |cqck|abc|q

T|kfefeo fe qhkii o|gs~q

Qmfiiq t|kfefeoq) wg|mqbg~q) qchfek|q) ~|cqcetktfgeq) dclktcq

Kii ags|qcq k|c abkiiceofeo lst jse+

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Ick|efeo ked tckabfeo

^|glich(Lkqcd Ick|efeo "^LI&

Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftv bkq dczcig~cd k qvqtch gj ^|glich(

kqcd Ick|efeo "^LI& fe g|dc| tg ~|c~k|c qtsdcetq jg| tbc

ckiftfcq gj wg|mfeo ifjc% Qtsdcetq ick|e tg k~~iv tbcf| tbcg|ctfaki

egwicdoc fe ~|katfac sqfeo akqc qtsdfcq% Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftvfq tbc geiv Dstab sefzc|qftv tbkt sqcq ^LI tg ftq jsiicqt ~gtcetfki

ked ch~igvq ft kq ftq mcv hctbgd gj feqt|satfge% Sefzc|qftfcq

k|gsed tbc wg|id k|c egw kiqg kdg~tfeo cichcetq gj LI%

Licedcd ick|efeo

Gs| Qabggi aghlfecq jkac(tg(jkac tckabfeo wftb dfqtkeac g|

c(ick|efeo fe k licedcd ick|efeo ~|gacqq% Fetc|ect) FAT ked

cw tcabegigofcq ~|gzfdc k sqcjsi kddftfge tg tbc jkac(tg(

jkac ick|efeo k~~|gkab%

ckabfeo qtkjj

e tbc Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac) tbc

kakdchfa |cqgs|acq gj tbc jkasitfcq gj Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftv

ked qczc|ki jg|cfoe ~k|tec|q k|c aghlfecd fe g|dc| tg

sk|ketcc hsitf(dfqaf~ifek|v tg~(kakdchfa t|kfefeo fe

tbc bck|t gj Cs|g~c% Fe gs| ~|go|khhcq wc hkmc sqc gj

cr~c|fceacd tckabc|q wftb k qgsed lkamo|gsed fe dfzc|qc

cidq gj cr~c|tfqc% _ftb oscqt icats|c|q j|gh fetc|ektfgeki

efzc|qftfcq ked g|okefqktfgeq) tbc Qabggi a|cktcq ke

fetc|cqtfeo lkikeac lctwcce tbc tbcg|ctfaki ked ~|katfaki

k~~|gkab wftbfe tbc ~|go|khhcq%

ggiq ked tcabegigofcq

Jsiiv geifec ags|qcq k|c kzkfiklic tg gzc|aghc megwicdoc

dcafceafcq fe tbc k|ckq gj hktbchktfaq) qtktfqtfaq) cageghfaq)

ogzc|ekeac ked ~giftfaki qafceac% Tbcqc ags|qcq bci~ qtsdcetq

tg qtk|t tbc ~|go|khhc wftb tbc |c{sf|cd ~|fg| megwicdoc%

Tg qs~~g|t tbc jkac(tg(jkac ick|efeo katfzftfcq) Hkkqt|fabt

Sefzc|qftv sqcq tbc Cicat|gefa ick|efeo cezf|gehcet

Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftv "CicSH&% CicSH ake lc kaacqqcdtb|gsob tbc Fetc|ect ked gjjc|q k |keoc gj tggiq) jseatfgeq)

ked jckts|cq jg| ick|efeo%

Fe kii hkqtc|q ked bD ~|go|khhcq) qtktfqtfaki qgjtwk|c

"Q^QQ ked Qtktk& fq sqcd jg| qfhsiktfgeq ked gtbc|

kqqfoehcetq% Qgjtwk|c ~|go|khhcq ifmc Craci) ^gwc|^gfet

ked _g|d k|c sqcd fetceqfzciv%

Tbc Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac fq ke kjifktc

gj tbc Oiglki Dczcig~hcet Ick|efeo Ectwg|m "ODIE&% Tbc

ectwg|m wkq qct s~ lv tbc _g|id Lkem fe >> ked ft egw

feaisdcq gzc| ?> ick|efeo acet|cq fe hg|c tbke :> agset|fcq%

Tbc ick|efeo acet|cq sqc ecw tcabegigofcq fe dfqtkeac

ick|efeo) qsab kq zfdcg agejc|ceafeo jkafiftfcq) tg ageecat

g|okefqktfgeq ked fedfzfdskiq j|gh kii gzc| tbc wg|id%

keoskoc gj feqt|satfge

eoifqb

akdchfa qtsdcet osfdkeac ked qs~~g|t

Qtsdcet osfdkeac ked qs~~g|t qtk|tq wftb ~|gzfdfeo fetc|cqtcd

qtsdcetq j|gh kii gzc| tbc wg|id wftb s~(tg(dktc fejg|hktfge

e kii kq~catq gj qtsdvfeo kt tbc Qabggi% Geac kdhfttcd) ckabqtsdcet fq qs~~g|tcd lv ke kakdchfa agseqciig| wbg ake bci~

fe hkttc|q gj qtsdv abgfacq) ~|go|cqq ked ~ikeefeo%

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Tbc fh~kat gj fhhfo|ktfge ~gifafcq

Bckitbak|c kaacqq jg| abfid|ce fe dczcig~feo agset|fcq

Hftfoktfge gj tbc cjjcatq gj oiglki wk|hfeo

Tbc agefat gj Abfekq cageghfa o|gwtb ked ftq qsqtkfeklic

dczcig~hcet

Tbc wktabdgo |gic gj tbc hcdfk

Tbcqc fqqscq k|c tv~faki ~slifa ~gifav ageac|eq% Ofzce tbc

o|gwfeo agh~icrftv gj tbc fqqscq kt bked) tbc ~casifk|ftfcq

gj ogzc|ehcet wftbfe k agetcrt gj ogzc|ekeac ked tbc

fetc|ageecatfgeq lctwcce fetc|ektfgeki ked igaki iczciq gj

dcafqfge ked fh~ichcetktfge ~|gacqqcq) tbc|c fq k o|gwfeo

eccd jg| q~cafkifqtq fe ~gifav kekivqfq% Tbc dghkfe gj ~slifa

~gifav fq lcaghfeo fea|ckqfeoiv agh~icr) dchkedfeo k

aghlfektfge gj tbcg|ctfaki lkamo|gsed) tcabefaki qmfiiq ked

q~cafa k|ck megwicdoc% Egwkdkvq) "qsaacqqjsi& ~slifa ~gifav

dchkedq k bfob iczci gj megwicdoc ked qmfiiq fe g|dc| tg kekivqc~gifav g~tfgeq ked tbcf| fh~kat fe) jg| crkh~ic) qsqtkfeklic

tcabegigov) qgafki qkjctv ectq g| bckitbak|c g|okefqktfgeq%

Tbc gec(vck| H^^ ~|go|khhc ageqfqtq gj twg qchcqtc|q

gj qtsdfcq ked k hkqtc|q tbcqfq% Tbc kakdchfa ~|go|khhc

ds|feo tbc jkii qchcqtc| fq fdcetfaki jg| kii qtsdcetq% Tbc jgasq

fe tbfq qchcqtc| fq ge tbc tbcg|fcq ked ~|katfac gj ogzc|ekeac

ked ~gifav kekivqfq% Ft fet|gdsacq tbc lkqfa megwicdoc ked

qmfiiq |ciktcd tg ~gifav kekivqfq% Fe tbc q~|feo qchcqtc|) tbc

qtsdcetq abggqc gec gj tbc qfr k|ckq gj q~cafkifqktfge% Tbcqc

q~cafkifqktfgeq feaisdc0

Qgafki ^gifav Dcqfoe "fe ag(g~c|ktfge wftb tbc FIG& Qgafki ^gifav Jfekeafeo "fe ag(g~c|ktfge wftb tbc FIG&

Oiglkifqktfge) T|kdc ked Dczcig~hcet

Qsqtkfeklic Dczcig~hcet

Hfo|ktfge Qtsdfcq

Jggd) Bckitb ked Dczcig~hcet

Hkqtc| gj Qafceac fe ^slifa ^gifav ked Bshke Dczcig~hcet "H^^&

: Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac y ;>

Ds|ktfge

; Qc~tchlc| ( 1; Ksosqt0 czc|v vck|% Tbc ~|go|khhc fq

ageqt|satcd fe qsab k hkeec| tbkt ft fq kiqg ~gqqflic tg

qtk|t fe tbc q~|feo qchcqtc| wftb gec gj tbc q~cafkifqktfgeq

"; Jcl|sk|v ( 1; @kesk|v& czc|v vck|%

Dco|cc

Kjtc| qsaacqqjsi agh~ictfge gj tbc ~|go|khhc) qtsdcetq wfii

|cacfzc k Hkqtc| gj Qafceac "HQa& dco|cc fe slifa gifav ked

Bshke Dczcig~hcet%

^|go|khhc gl`catfzcq

Tbc H^^ ~|go|khhc t|kfeq qtsdcetq tg kekivqc) hgeftg| ked

czkisktc ~gifafcq fe g|dc| tg lc klic tg ofzc |caghhcedktfgeq

jg| fh~|gzfeo g| |c~ikafeo geogfeo ~gifafcq% Qtsdcetq k|c

c{sf~~cd wftb k zk|fctv gj qmfiiq) tggiq ked megwicdoc wbfab

ceklic tbch tg wg|m |cqgs|acjsiiv kq ~gifav dcqfoec|q ked

~gifav kekivqtq fe ~slifa ked ~|fzktc feqtftstfgeq%

Qtsdcet ~|gic

H^^ qtsdcetq aghc j|gh zk|fgsq lkamo|gsedq) |keofeo j|gh

lkabcig|q ked hkqtc|q qtsdcetq tg hfd(ak|cc| ~|gjcqqfgekiqwftb dfjjc|cet asits|ki ked dfqaf~ifek|v lkamo|gsedq% Tbc

Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac kfhq tg |ca|sft

bfobiv hgtfzktcd qtsdcetq wftb qt|geo kakdchfa |cag|dq) k

dchgeqt|ktcd aghhfthcet tg ~slifa "fetc|ektfgeki& kjjkf|q ked'

| ke gstqtkedfeo ~gtcetfki jg| ak|cc| o|gwtb ked ickdc|qbf~%

Zfk tbc Qabggiq agetkatq F bkd tbc g~~g|tseftv tg ak||v

gst ke fetc|eqbf~ wftb tbc Hfefqt|v gj Jg|cfoe Kjjkf|q fe tbc

Ectbc|ikedq% _g|mfeo jg| tbc Dc~k|thcet gj Cjjcatfzc(

ecqq * [skiftv wkq k zc|v zkisklic ick|efeo cr~c|fceac%

Tbc dc~k|thcet crkhfecq tbc cjjcatfzcecqq ked {skiftv gj

dczcig~hcet ag(g~c|ktfge katfzftfcq lv agiiktfeo) |cag|dfeo

ked kekivqfeo |ciczket dktk% Kq k |cqsit tbc dc~k|thcet

hkmcq ~gifav |caghhcedktfgeq) dczcig~q ked hkfetkfeq

feqt|shcetq jg| fh~ichcetfeo ~gifafcq ge a|gqq(tbchc ked

a|gqq(agset|v fqqscq% Hv hkfe kqqfoehcet bc|c ageac|ecd

ak~kaftv dczcig~hcet% Tbfq fq k agh~icr fqqsc) lst fq gec

gj tbc hgqt jsedkhcetki cichcetq jg| qsaacqqjsi dczcig~(

hcet ag(g~c|ktfge% Fe kddftfge) F wkq kqqfoecd k ~gqftfgege tbc g|okefqktfge aghhfttcc jg| k agejc|ceac tbkt

fezgizcd kii bckdq gj Dczcig~hcet Ag(g~c|ktfge) eg|hkiiv

lkqcd kt Dstab chlkqqfcq k|gsed tbc wg|id% Tbfq ceklicd

hc k qeckm ~|czfcw gj tbc df~ighktfa wg|id% Tb|gsob tbfq

fetc|eqbf~ F hkdc agetkat wftb hv as||cet ch~igvc|= ZEO

Fetc|ektfgeki) tbc Fetc|ektfgeki Ag(g~c|ktfge Koceav gj tbc

Kqqgafktfge gj Ectbc|ikedq Hsefaf~kiftfcq% Tbfq g|okefqk(

tfge kfhq tg jkafiftktc dcacet|kifqktfge ked tg qt|ceotbce

igaki ogzc|ehcetq fe dczcig~feo ked t|keqftfgeki agset|fcq%

Hv ak|cc| df|catfge fq crkativ wbc|c F bg~cd tg lc wbce F

qtk|tcd wftb tbc hkqtc|q ~|go|khhc% Tbc Qabggi agsid egt

bkzc ~|c~k|cd hc kev lcttc|+

Keec(Hk|fc Tgqqc|khq "Tbc Ectbc|ikedq&

H^^ O|kdsktc >?

@sefg| ^|g`cat Hkekoc|) Kj|fakZEO Fetc|ektfgeki) Fetc|ektfgeki Ag(g~c|ktfge Koceav

gj tbc Kqqgafktfge gj Ectbc|ikedq Hsefaf~kiftfcq

Hv ak|cc| fq crkativ wbkt F bg~cd tg kabfczc

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?

Ak|cc| ~c|q~catfzcq

O|kdsktcq gj tbc H^^ ^|go|khhc k|c kakdchfakiiv t|kfecd

gifav dcqfoec|q ked kekivqtq) wg|mfeo fe tbc k|ck gj ~slifa

ageqsitkeav ked kdzfqg|v% _ftb tbc qmfiiq ka{sf|cd fe tbc

|go|khhc) o|kdsktcq k|c klic tg fdcetfjv ked |czfcw tbc

dfjjc|cet g~tfgeq ked fh~ichcet tbc lcqt ~gifav% Fe tbcf| wg|m

s| o|kdsktcq k|c klic tg fetco|ktc icoki) qgafki) asits|ki)

giftfaki ked ekeafki kq~catq) wbfic ceqs|feo tbc cageghfa

fklfiftv ked qsqtkfeklfiftv gj tbcf| ~gifafcq% gifav hgeftg|feo)

gifav czkisktfge) feegzktfzc tbfemfeo) qt|geo {sketftktfzcqmfiiq ked a|ftfaki kekivqfq k|c igofaki cichcetq fe tbc tggilgr

j gs| o|kdsktcq%

O|kdsktcq wfii lc klic tg wg|m tb|gsobgst tbc wg|id fe tbc

slifa ked ~|fzktc feqtftstfgeq gj lgtb kdzkeacd ked icqq

dczcig~cd agset|fcq) feaisdfeo ektfgeki) |cofgeki ked igaki

gzc|ehcetq) hfefqt|fcq) ~ceqfge jsedq) hk|mct kstbg|ftfcq)

OGq) kq wcii kq fe fetc|ektfgeki g|okefqktfgeq ked ageqsi(

tkeafcq% As||cetiv wc bkzc o|kdsktcq wg|mfeo jg|) khgeoqt

tbc|q0 LHA) FIG) OTP) Dstab Hfefqt|v gj Jg|cfoe Kjjkf|q)

Twveqt|k ked Osddc) T|fgdgq Lkem) M^HO) KJH% Ge gs| wcl(

qftc vgs ake ed k hg|c ciklg|ktc gzc|zfcw gj tbc ch~igvc|q

s| o|kdsktcq k|c wg|mfeo jg|% Gs| o|kdsktcq k|c kiqg wcii|c~k|cd jg| ~s|qsfeo ke kakdchfa ak|cc| ked k qfoefaket

shlc| gj qtsdcetq agetfesc wftb k bD kjtc| tbcf| hkqtc|q%

Jkasitv

Tbc H^^ ~|go|khhc fq qct s~ fe ag(g~c|ktfge wftb tbc

dfjjc|cet jkasitfcq gj Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftv% Fe kddftfge) wc

ag(g~c|ktc wftb jg|cfoe sefzc|qftfcq ked cr~c|tq wg|mfeo fe

tbc cid% Gs| ~|go|khhc hkmcq sqc gj cr~c|fceacd tckabc|q

ftb k qgsed lkamo|gsed fe dfzc|qc k|ckq gj cr~c|tfqc%

ftb oscqt icats|c|q j|gh fetc|ektfgeki g|okefqktfgeq kedefzc|qftfcq kl|gkd) tbc Qabggi bkq a|cktcd k ~|go|khhc tbkt

qsaacqqjsiiv l|fdocq tbc ok~ lctwcce tbcg|v ked ~|katfac%

cv icats|c|q

^|gj% d|% ^ctc| zke dce Lgqqabc) Jkasitv gj Ikw) Hkkqt|fabt

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_g|id T|kdc G|okefpktfge) Qwftpc|iked

D|% Hfabkci Afabge) Fetc|ektfgeki Iklgs| G|okefpktfge)

Qwftpc|iked

D|% Dcefq dc A|ghl|soobc) Qabggi gj Lsqfecqq ked

Cageghfaq) Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftv) tbc Ectbc|ikedq

D|% J|kepfqmk Okqqhkee) ) Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj

Ogzc|ekeac) Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftv) tbc Ectbc|ikedqD|% @kk~ Bggocelgcpch) Jkasitv gj K|tq Qgafki Qafceacq)

Hkkqt|fabt Sefzc|qftv) tbc Ectbc|ikedq

D|% Mbkifd Mgqc|) Oceczk Acet|c jg| Qcas|ftv ^gifav)

Qwftpc|iked ked Jg|cfoe ^gifav Qtsdfcq kt tbc L|ggmfeoq

Feqtftstfge fe SQK

D|% Dkzfd zke Qivmc) Hkrwcii Qabggi gj Aftfpceqbf~ ked

^slifa Kjjkf|q) Qv|kasqc Sefzc|qftv) SQK

|cosik| wccm

|cosik| wccm fe tbc H^^ ~|go|khhc cetkfiq k|gsed ;: aikqq

gs|q wftb ~|gjcqqg|q ked jciigw qtsdcetq% Ds|feo tbcqcqg(akiicd agetkat bgs|q) qtsdcetq okfe fe(dc~tb megwicdoc

ked jseatfgeki qmfiiq tb|gsob zk|fgsq cdsaktfgeki hctbgdq%

Tbcqc hctbgdq feaisdc icats|cq) tstg|fki o|gs~q) akqc qtsdfcq)

kedq(ge crc|afqcq) cqqkv ked ~k~c|(w|ftfeo) ~|cqcetktfgeq

ked qhkii o|gs~ dfqasqqfgeq% Ecrt tg tbfq) kt ickqt bgs|q gj

|fzktc(qtsdv fq cr~catcd% Tbc ~|go|khhc fq dchkedfeo ked

abkiiceofeo) lst ac|tkfeiv k igt gj jse%

kqtc|q tbcqfq

Tg agh~ictc tbc hkqtc|q ~|go|khhc qtsdcetq w|ftc kkqtc|q tbcqfq% Qtsdcetq wg|m ge k q~cafa akqc) hkmc tbcf|

we kekivqfq ked w|ftc k tbcqfq |ccatfeo tbcf| megwicdoc

ked sedc|qtkedfeo sqfeo ocec|kiiv kaac~tcd hctbgdq gj

F bkd tbc g~~g|tseftv ked oggd jg|tsec tg tckab k

gec(wccm o|kdsktc iczci ags|qc ge ~gifav fh~ichcetk(

tfge% Hv cr~c|fceac tckabfeo kt tbc Hkkqt|fabt

O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac wkq zc|v ~gqftfzc ked F

kh fh~|cqqcd lv tbc {skiftv gj tbc qtsdcetq) tbc jkasitv

ked qtkjj) tbc jkafiftfcq) ked tbc fetcetfgeki ogki g|fcetcd

hfqqfge gj tbc ~|go|khhc% F bkzc eg dgslt tbkt tbc

Qabggi wfii lc k wg|id(wfdc ickdc| fe tbc dczcig~hcet

gj ~|gjcqqfgeki o|kdsktc cdsaktfge fe tbc k|ckq gj

~slifa ~gifav ked oiglki ogzc|ekeac% giftfaki ickdc|q)

kakdchfaq) ~gifav ~|gjcqqfgekiq) ked tbgqc wg|mfeo fe

ked wftb ls|cksa|ktfa feqtftstfgeq k|gsed tbc wg|id

wfii iggm tg tbc Qabggi jg| |cqck|ab) osfdkeac) ked kq k

zcesc jg| bf|feo tbc zc|v lcqt ~gifav ~|gjcqqfgekiq%

D|% Dkzfd zke Qivmc "SQK&

Dc~k|thcet gj slifa Kdhfefqt|ktfge

Hkrwcii Qabggi gj Aftfpceqbf~ ked ^slifa Kjjkf|q

Qv|kasqc Sefzc|qftv

K zcesc jg| bf|feo tbc zc|v lcqt ~gifav ~|gjcqqfgekiq

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kekivqfq ked |cqck|ab% Tbc tbcqfq ake tkmc tbc jg|h gj k

qs|zcv kekivqfq) ch~f|faki fezcqtfoktfge) iftc|kts|c |czfcw)

akqc qtsdv g| tbcg|ctfaki fezcqtfoktfge% Ckab qtsdcet bkq tbc

qs~~g|t gj k qcefg| qtkjj hchlc| kq qs~c|zfqg|% Qtsdcetq

bkzc |cosik| agetkat wftb tbcf| qs~c|zfqg|"q& ked'g| gtbc|

kakdchfaq tg dfqasqq tbcf| fdckq ked hgeftg| tbcf| ~|go|cqq

ked |cosik|iv ~|cqcet tbcf| tbcqfq ~|go|cqq tg tbcf| jciigw

qtsdcetq% Qtsdcetq ake kiqg w|ftc tbcf| tbcqfq kq k ~k|t gj k

~|g`cat g| k |cqck|ab fetc|eqbf~%

^|g`cat fetc|eqbf~q

Tbc tbcqfq ake lc w|fttce kq ~k|t gj k ~|g`cat fetc|eqbf~%

Ds|feo tbcqc ~|g`catq "k o|gs~ gj& hkqtc|q qtsdcetq wg|m

ge k q~cafa |cki(ifjc akqc) fet|gdsacd ked icd lv k ~|gjcqqfgeki

~k|tec| "~slifa kstbg|ftfcq) fetc|ektfgeki g|okefqktfgeq)ageqsitkeafcq) tbfem tkemq& ked qs~c|zfqcd lv jkasitv% Tbc

qtsdcetq |c~g|t lgtb tg tbc Qabggi ked tbc ~|gjcqqfgeki ~k|tec|%

\cqck|ab fetc|eqbf~q

Tbc Qabggi kiqg g|okefqcq |cqck|ab fetc|eqbf~q wftb kakdchfa

~k|tec|q ked |cqck|ab feqtftstcq fe K^^KH "tbc Kqqgafktfge jg|

^slifa ^gifav Kekivqfq ked Hkekochcet&% Tbc qtsdcetq q~ced

tbc qshhc| hgetbq kq k |cqck|ab kqqfqtket ge k |cqck|ab

~|g`cat wftb gec gj tbc kakdchfa ~k|tec|q ked w|ftc tbc tbcqfq

ge tbc |cqck|ab katfzftfcq wftb tbc ~k|tec| feqtftstc%

Crt|k(as||fasik| fetc|eqbf~q

Tbc Qabggi fq klic tg jkafiftktc crt|k(as||fasik| fetc|eqbf~q

wftb ~k|tec|q fe gs| o|gwfeo fetc|ektfgeki ectwg|m% Ds|feo

tbc ~kqt vck|) qtsdcetq dfd fetc|eqbf~q kt tbc Hfefqt|v gj

Jg|cfoe Kjjkf|q fe tbc Ectbc|ikedq) FIG "Lkeomgm) Tbkfiked&)

OTP "Tf|kek) Kilkefk&) _TG "Oceczk) Qwftpc|iked&) ked

SEFACJ "Tcbc|ke) F|ke&%

^|go|khhc dcqa|f~tfge

Jkii qchcqtc|0^slifa gifav Kekivqfq ked Ogzc|ekeac

Tbc jkii qchcqtc| ageqfqtq gj jgs| ags|qcq ked k qmfiiq t|kfefeo

~c|fgd% Tbc gl`catfzc jg| tbfq qchcqtc| fq tg agzc| ocec|ki kq~catq

j ogzc|ekeac) d|kwfeo ge qczc|ki kakdchfa dfqaf~ifecq qsab kq

~giftfaki qafceac) qgafgigov) ~slifa ekeac ked hfa|gcageghfaq)

fetc|ektfgeki |ciktfgeq) ~slifa hkekochcet ked ~slifa ~gifav%

Tbfq qchcqtc| q~cafakiiv kfhq tg k~~iv as||cet tbcg|fcq ked

|cqck|ab tg ~gifav fqqscq% Fe kddftfge tg ofzfeo qtsdcetq k qgsed

tbcg|ctfaki jgsedktfge) ft kiqg ~ikacq k qt|geo ch~bkqfq ge qmfiiq%

Qtsdcetq wfii agedsat tbcf| gwe |cqck|ab) k~~iv ~gifav kekivqfq

tggiq ked) tb|gsob ~|katfaki t|kfefeo qcqqfgeq) lcaghc jkhfifk|

wftb ecogtfktfeo ked a|fqfq(hkekochcet qmfiiq% Tbc jkii qchcqtc|~|c~k|cq qtsdcetq jg| tbc dctkficd kekivqfq gj fqqscq qtsdfcd fe

tbc ageqcastfzc q~cafkifqktfge%

^|go|khhc gzc|zfcw jkii qchcqtc|

Qc~tchlc| Ogzc|ekeac) ^giftfaq) ^gifav ked ^|katfac

Gatglc| ^slifa Cageghfaq ked Ch~f|faki Kekivqfq

Egzchlc| \fqm ked Seac|tkfetv g|

Tbc Cageghfaq gj tbc _cijk|c Qtktc

Dcachlc| ^slifa ^gifav Kekivqfq

@kesk|v \cqck|ab Hctbgdq

gzc|ekeac) ^giftfaq) ^gifav ked ^|katfac

_bfic cr~c|tq hkv cqtfhktc tbc agqtq ked lcectq gj ~gifav

~tfgeq) gstaghcq dc~ced s~ge tbc eki ~giftfaki dcafqfgeq%

Sedc|qtkedfeo tbcqc ~giftfaki jkatg|q fq cqqcetfki jg| cjjcatfzc

~gifavhkmfeo ked k ak|cjsi crkhfektfge gj tbc ~giftfaki fh~ifak(

tfgeq gj ~gifav ~|g~gqkiq fq fh~c|ktfzc jg| tbc qsaacqq gj ~gifav

katfgeq% K qmfiicd kekivqt fq klic tg fdcetfjv tbc mcv katg|q) tbcf|

ageac|eq ked ogkiq ked tbc ~gwc| tbcv bgid fe tbcf| q~cafa

asits|ki lkamo|gsed% Tbc qsaacqqjsi kekivqt fq kiqg kwk|c gj

bgw feqtftstfgeki qt|sats|cq kjjca t abgfacq ked gstaghcq%

Ds|feo tbc ags|qc bkedq(ge wg|mqbg~q k|c g|okefqcd czc|v

wccm% Tbcqc wg|mqbg~q dczcig~ dfjjc|cet qmfiiq ked {skiftfcq)

qsab kq tckhwg|m) fezcqtfoktfeo tbc |ciktfgeqbf~q lctwcce

dfjjc|cet ~gifav gl`catfzcq) feqtftstfgeq ked qt|sats|cq) ked

a|ftfakiiv |czfcwfeo ked t|keqiktfeo tbc edfeoq fetg wcii(

dcecd ~|g~gqkiq% Kddftfgekiiv) tbc ags|qc jgasqcq ge bgw tbc

t|kdftfgeki |gic gj tbc qtktc bkq abkeocd kq k |cqsit gj ecw

jg|hq gj ogzc|ekeac) wbfab fe ts|e bkq icd tg tbc chc|oceac

j ecw katg|q ked ecw jg|hq gj fetc|ektfgeki ag(g~c|ktfge)qsab kq fetc|ektfgeki |cofhcq% Fh~g|tket ageac~tq fe tbc ags|qc

k|c qtktcq ked hk|mctq= ls|cksa|kav ked fh~ichcetktfge=

ickdc|qbf~ ked ak~kaftv= ked cicatg|ki feacetfzcq%

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Tbc|c wc|c qczc|ki |ckqgeq jg| hc tg abggqc tbfq

hkqtc|q ~|go|khhc0 tbc ~cg~ic) tbc agqtq) Hkkqt|fabtq

acet|kiftv fe Cs|g~c ked tbc |c~stktfge gj tbc Qabggi gj

Ogzc|ekeac) lst hgqt fh~g|tketiv tbc agetcet% Tbc

~|go|khhcq ceokofeo hctbgdgigov fea|ckqcd hv

agedceac ked tbg|gsobiv ~|c~k|cd hc jg| hv

fetc|eqbf~ kt tbc _g|id Jggd |go|khhc fe tbc Okhlfk

Dk|mg ct|gzfa "Qc|lfk&

H^^ O|kdsktc >6

Tbc ceokofeo hctbgdgigov fea|ckqcd hv agedceac

^slifa Cageghfaq ked Ch~f|faki Kekivqfq

slifa cageghfa tbcg|v fq sqcd tg kekivqc tbc |gic gj hk|mctq

ked hk|mct jkfis|cq) crtc|ekiftfcq ked ag||catfzc tkrktfge)slifa oggdq ked agiicatfzc dcafqfgeq) tbc ~|fafeo ked |cosik(

tfge gj ekts|ki hgeg~gifcq) aghhgdftv ked feaghc tkrktfge)

ak~ftki ked ag|~g|ktc tkrcq% Tbfq ags|qc fq ke fet|gdsatfge tg

tbcg|ctfaki jgsedktfgeq gj cj afceav ked cjjcatfzcecqq a|ftc(

fk= ect ~|cqcet zkisc kekivqfq ked tbc hcabkefaq ked jsedk(

cetkiq gj agqt(lcect kekivqfq ked tbcf| aghhge hfqtkmcq%

Tbc kekivqfq gj tbcqc tg~faq ked tbc sedc|ivfeo cageghfa

tbcg|v jg|h tbc lkamlgec gj tbc ags|qc ked tbc lkqfq jg| tbc

ciklg|ktfge gj js|tbc| t|kfefeo fe tbc jgiigwfeo ags|qc gj tbc

qchcqtc|% Ch~f|faki kekivqfq fq sqcjsi fe dctc|hfefeo tbc

gqqflic cjjcat ked qfpc gj tbc fetc|zcetfge) lcaksqc wbce

ak||fcd gst w|geoiv ft ake bkzc k ecoktfzc cjjcat ge tbcfeaghc iczci ked) kq qsab) aksqc qgafki ~|glichq% Tbc|cjg|c)

k~~|g~|fktc dcqfoe ked |ciczket tcabef{scq jg| czkisktfeo

ked kqqcqqfeo tbc cj jcatq gj ~gifav fetc|zcetfge k|c a|safki%

\fqm ked Seac|tkfetv

fqm ked seac|tkfetv k|c fh~g|tket jckts|cq gj hgdc|e ifjc%

Gs| as||cet qgafctv fq fea|ckqfeoiv |cjc||cd tg kq k |fqm qgafctv)

k ageac~t dczfqcd lv tbc qgafgigofqt Si|fab Lcam% Bgw dg wc

dcki wftb seac|tkfetv ked |fqm7 fq k |ciczket {scqtfge) egt

eiv jg| ~gifavhkmc|q) lst kiqg jg| dcafqfgehkmc|q ked tbcf|

kdzfqg|q ked jg| mcv katg|q fe qgafctv qsab kq cezf|gehcetkigllvfqtq% Tbc akqc qtsdfcq kdd|cqqcd fe tbfq ags|qc |keoc

j|gh aikqqfa bckitb |fqmq tg ecw cezf|gehcetki |fqmq) j|gh

fezcqthcet jsedq tg qgafki qcas|ftv) j|gh feqs|keac fqqscq tg

fqmq kqqgafktcd wftb ecw tcabegigofcq ked ~|gdsatq% Tbc kfh

j tbc ags|qc fq tg ~|ghgtc k a|ftfaki ked |ccatfzc sedc|(

qtkedfeo gj |fqm hkekochcet% Tg tbkt ced) qtsdcetq ick|e

gw k tbcg|ctfaki sedc|qtkedfeo gj |fqm ked seac|tkfetv ake

c sqcd tg |ccat ge as||cet ~|katfac) ked bgw tbfq ake lc

qcd tg dczcig~ kitc|ektfzc k~~|gkabcq%

bc Cageghfaq gj tbc _cijk|c Qtktc

Tbc twcetfctb acets|v fe tbc dczcig~cd ak~ftkifqt cageghfcq

kq ik|ociv lcce abk|katc|fqcd lv k o|gwtb fe tbc |cq~geqflfi(

ftv gj ~slifa kstbg|ftfcq jg| tbc cageghfa ked qgafki jktc gj

bcf| |cqfdcetq% Tbfq fet|gdsatg|v ags|qc hkmcq k agh~k|fqge

ctwcce dfjjc|cet qgafki qcas|ftv qvqtchq fe kdzkeacd ak~ftki(

fqt cageghfcq) tg qct tbc qacec jg| k hg|c agh~|cbceqfzckekivqfq gj qgafki ~|gtcatfge fe lgtb dczcig~cd ked dczcig~feo

agset|fcq% Qtsdcetq k|c fet|gdsacd tg tbc cageghfa sqtfak(

fge lcbfed tbc wcijk|c qtktcq) tbc hka|gcageghfa qcttfeo

ked tbc dfjjc|cet agh~gecetq gj tbc wcijk|c qtktc% Jfekiiv tbc

ags|qc fet|gdsacq tbc qtsdcetq tg fetc|ektfgeki ikw ked fetc|(

ktfgeki qgafki qcas|ftv qtkedk|dq%

slifa ^gifav Kekivqfq

Tbc jg|hsiktfge ked fh~ichcetktfge gj ~slifa ~gifafcq k|c fh~g|(

ket |cq~geqflfiftfcq gj hgdc|e ogzc|ehcet% Tbc jgasq bc|c fq tbcfetc|katfge lctwcce ~slifa kstbg|ftfcq ked qtkmcbgidc|q% Fe g|dc|

g cebkeac tbfq fetc|katfge) k~~|g~|fktc hcabkefqhq gj ag(g|df(

ktfge ked bfc|k|abv fe ~gifav dcqfoe ked fh~ichcetktfge k|c

ftki% Tbfq ags|qc fq dcqfoecd tg bci~ qtsdcetq dczcig~ tbc qmfiiq

c{sf|cd tg dcec ked a|ftfakiiv kekivqc ~gifav fqqscq) k|tfasiktc

ciczket dcafqfge(hkmfeo a|ftc|fk jg| ~gifav kekivqfq) czkisktc

kitc|ektfzc qgistfgeq) ked kqqcqq tbc hckeq ked agqtq gj fh~ic(

cetktfge% Qtsdcetq jgasq ge katg|q) feqtftstfgeq ked ~gifav

feqt|shcetq fe g|dc| tg okfe k qvqtchktfa wkv gj tbfemfeo klgst

bc dczcig~hcet) dcqfoe ked kqqcqqhcet gj ~slifa qcatg| ~gif(

afcq% Ds|feo tbfq ags|qc q~cafa kttcetfge fq kiqg ofzce tg ~gifav

czkisktfge ked ~gifav qfhsiktfge tb|gsob |cki(ifjc crc|afqcq%

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Aghfeo tg tbc Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac) aghfeo bghc

Qgafki ~|gtcatfge qvqtchq qkzc hfiifgeq gj ifzcq czc|v

vck| lv ~|gzfdfeo bckitbak|c ked feaghc tg ~cg~icwbg wgsid gtbc|wfqc jkii fetg ~gzc|tv% Tbcv hkmc tbc

dfjjc|ceac lctwcce k dcacet ifjc ked k hfqc|klic gec

jg| hfiifgeq gj sech~igvcd) dfqklicd ked gid ~cg~ic%

Tbcv gjtce ( lst egt gjtce cegsob ( ~|gzfdc feaghc tbkt

ceklicq abfid|ce tg og tg qabggi |ktbc| tbke tg wg|m) tbsq

l|ckmfeo hsitf(ocec|ktfgeki ~gzc|tv avaicq% Tbcv a|cktc

tbc qgafctki agbc|ceac ked qtklfiftv tbkt fq k ~|cagedftfge

jg| cageghfa ked qgafki dczcig~hcet% Qgafki qcas|ftv (

sedc||ktcd kq ft hkv lc fe hkev as||cet ~gifav dclktcq

( wkq geiv dczcig~cd icqq tbke ;1> vck|q kog) vct ft fq gec

gj tbc hgqt fh~g|tket fezcetfgeq fe bshke bfqtg|v%

Tbc oiglki aghhseftv q~cedq hg|c tbke 4>>> lfiifge

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gj tbc wg|idq ~g~siktfge dgcq egt bkzc kaacqq tg

kdc{sktc qgafki qcas|ftv ked twg tbf|dq dg egt bkzc

kaacqq tg k hfefhsh qtkedk|d gj bckitbak|c% _c wgsid

eccd icqq tbke

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Jg| hc) tbc hkqtc|q q~cafkifqktfge fe Qgafki ^gifav

Dcqfoe wkq k sef{sc g~~g|tseftv tg l|gkdce hv bg|fpge

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qgafki ~gifavhkmfeo ge ke fetc|ektfgeki iczci% Kiqg)

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qcicatfge gj tbcf| q~cafkifqktfge% Fe crac~tfgeki akqcq tbc

rkhfektfge Lgk|d ake dcafdc tg ifhft tbc khgset gj

q~cafkifqktfgeq gjjc|cd% Ecrt tg tbc q~cafkifqktfge ags|qcq

qtsdcetq w|ftc tbcf| hkqtc|q tbcqfq "Jcl|sk|v tg Ksosqt&%

Q~cafkifqktfgeqQgafki ^gifav Jfekeafeo ked Qgafki ^gifav Dcqfoe

g| tbc zkqt hk`g|ftv gj tbc wg|idq ~g~siktfge) wg|mfeo fq tbc

|fhk|v ked qgic hckeq tg ck|e k ifzfeo% Tbc hk|mct zkisc gjklgs| dc~cedq fea|ckqfeoiv ge fezcqthcet fe hk|mctklic

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cichcetq gj qgafki ~gifav% Egwkdkvq) ft fq aghhge megwicdoc

tbkt cdsaktfge ked t|kfefeo k|c cqqcetfki wkvq gj jgqtc|feo

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sk|ketcc qs|zfzki% ^slifa qgafki ~|gtcatfge qvqtchq |cdfqt|fl(

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klgst tbc k||keochcet ked fh~kat gj qgafki ~|gtcatfge

qvqtchq) tbcf| ekeafeo ked qsqtkfeklfiftv% slifa ~gifafcq k|c

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ked |ctf|chcet fe gid koc% Tbc q~cafkifqktfgeq Qgafki ^gifav

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kaacqqflic) agetch~g|k|v ked ~|katfaki hkeec|%

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Dcqfoe

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Qmfiiq

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;< Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac y ;>

gj qgafki ~|gtcatfge qvqtchq tbkt wc|c feftfkiiv wcii(dcqfoecd% Ft

fq fh~c|ktfzc wbce dczcig~feo k qvqtch gj qgafki qcatg| ogzc|e(keac tg megw wbkt tbc ~|cqcet gzc|kii iczci gj cr~cedfts|c fq)

wbc|c hgecv fq q~cet) wbc|c eccdq k|c egt hct) ked bgw tbc

gzc|kii ektfgeki qgafki cr~cedfts|c ked tbc ekeafki ls|dce jg|

tbc dfjjc|cet ekeac|q gj tbc qvqtch "ch~igvc|q) wg|mc|q ked

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qacek|fgq ked sedc| dfjjc|cet |cjg|h g~tfgeq% Fe tbfq agetcrt ft

fq zc|v fh~g| tket tg ageqfdc| tbc cjjcatq gj igeo(tc|h t|cedq)

ifmc tbc ~g~siktfge dcaifec glqc|zcd fe hkev agset|fcq%

Q^J0 Katsk|fki |katfac fe Qgafki |gtcatfge

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qg~bfqtfaktcd hgdciq tg ceqs|c ageqfqtceav lctwcce tbc gl`ca(

tfzcq ked tbc hckeq gj tbc qgafki ~|gtcatfge qabchc% Tbfq

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tchq) wbfic kiwkvq k~~ivfeo tbc tbcg|v tg |cki(ifjc crkh~icq%

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j|cc bckitbak|c qvqtch hfobt ~|ghgtc k bckitbfc| ~g~sik(

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kiqg k a|ftfaki fe~st tg |cjg|h% Bceac) tbc klfiftv tg dcqa|flc

bckitbak|c qvqtchq {sketftktfzciv) kq wcii kq tg a|cktc k |keoc

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tchq) fq fea|ckqfeoiv fh~g|tket fe kii agset|fcq% Tbc hctbgd(gigov ~|cqcetcd fe tbfq ags|qc ceklicq tbc qtsdcet tg wg|m

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Q^D0 Agh~k|ktfzc Kekivqfq gj Qgafki ^gifav Dcqfoe

Bgw dg tbc SQ ked Cs|g~cke wcijk|c qtktcq dfj jc|7 \ciktfzcivecw qgafki ~gifav k||keochcetq fe Acet|ki ked Ckqtc|e Cs|g~c)

kq wcii fe hkev hfddic feaghc agset|fcq) ~|gzfdc ecw ~c|(

q~catfzcq ge tbc zfklfiftv ked tbc qsqtkfeklfiftv gj wcijk|c

qtktcq% _cijk|c qtktcq kii gzc| tbc wg|id dfjjc| egt geiv fe bgw

hsab fq q~cet) lst kiqg ge wbkt ked bgw tbc hgecv fq q~cet%

_c iggm kt dfjjc|cet qvqtchq kii gzc| tbc wg|id |keofeo j|gh

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wcijk|c qtktcq fe Cs|g~c% Tbfq ags|qc agetfescq tbc agh~k|fqge

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tbkt wkq fet|gdsacd fe tbc ags|qc Tbc Cageghfaq gj tbc

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K|ck Hkekoc|) Ektfgeki Qgafki Qcas|ftv ked Feqs|keac T|sqt

Qhkii qtc~q tgwk|dq k oggd qgafki qcas|ftv ect fe Qfc||k Icgec

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Fe tbcqc tfhcq gj oiglki cageghfa a|fqfq) k tbg|gsob

sedc|qtkedfeo gj tbc ikw) cageghfaq ked ~giftfaq gj

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bcv k|c abck~c| ked |hq ake q~cafkifqc fe oggdq wbfab

bcv ake ~|gdsac hg|c cjafcetiv tbke tbcf| agh~ctftg|q) kii

cebkeafeo cageghfa cjafceav% Bgwczc|) tbc|c k|c dfqkdzke(

kocq kq wcii% Tbcqc dfqkdzketkocq dg egt ecacqqk|fiv bkzc tg

stwcfob tbc lcectq) fj ~|g~c|iv tkmce fetg kaagset) bgwczc|)

fe |ckiftv tbcv k|c egt kiwkvq ~|g~c|iv ageqfdc|cd% Kq k |cqsit

j tbfq) hkev agefatq bkzc k|fqce% Tg sedc|qtked tbc qgs|acq

j tbcqc agefatq gec |qt eccdq tg sedc|qtked wbg lcectq

|gh t|kdc ked jkatg| hgzchcetq ked wbg dgcq egt) ked

gw t|kdc ked jkatg| hgzchcetq aget|flstc tg dczcig~hcet%

Tbfq ags|qc c{sf~q qtsdcetq wftb tbc lkqfa qmfiiq ecacqqk|v tg

edc|qtked tbcqc agefatq ked tg lc klic tg ed qg~bfqtfaktcd

qgistfgeq% Gzc|kii) ft ~|gzfdcq qtsdcetq wftb k tbg|gsob ked

kikeacd sedc|qtkedfeo gj oiglki cageghfa dczcig~hcet%

bc Ikw ked ^gifav gj tbc _TG

bkt fq tbc |gic gj tbc _TG ked fetc|ektfgeki t|kdc fe tbcqc

fhcq gj cageghfa a|fqfq7 Fq fetc|ektfgeki t|kdc ~k|t gj tbc

|glich g|) ~gqqfliv) ke fh~g|tket cichcet fe |cagzc|feo j|gh

cacqqfge7 Tbfq ags|qc fet|gdsacq qtsdcetq tg tbc feqtftstfgeki

ked qslqtketfzc kq~catq gj ikw ked ~gifav gj tbc _g|id T|kdc

G|okefpktfge% Tbc ags|qc jgasqcq ge k eshlc| gj fetc|ektfgeki

|kdc ~|glichq ceagsetc|cd lv tbc ogzc|ehcetq gj twg

atfgeki agset|fcq) tbc Mfeodgh gj \fabiked) k dczcig~cd

agset|v ked tbc \c~slifa gj Ecwiked) k dczcig~feo agset|v%

Tbfq ags|qc ce|fabcq tbc megwicdoc gj qtsdcetq wftb keedc|qtkedfeo gj tbc ~|glichq tbkt k|c gaas||feo fe fetc|(

ktfgeki t|kdc ked tbc fh~g|tket |gic tbkt tbc _TG ~ikvq fe

|czcetfeo g| |cqgizfeo t|kdc dfq~stcq%

etc|ektfgeki Fetciicatski |g~c|tv Ikw ked gifav

gw tg ~|gtcat fetciicatski ~|g~c|tv fe k wg|id wbc|c agse(

|v lg|dc|q k|c |k~fdiv jkdfeo dsc tg ~giftfaki dczcig~hcetq

ked ecw tcabegigofcq7 Jkacd wftb tbc |ckiftfcq gj tbc hgdc|e

g|id) wftb fea|ckqfeoiv qg~bfqtfaktcd tcabegigov ked fetc|(

ktfgeki aghhsefaktfge) hkev ~|gjcqqfgekiq eccd tg sedc|(

Tbcqfq

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;4

tfcq |c{sf|c k acet|ki jgasq ge qsqtkfeklfiftv ked dczcig~hcet%

Tbcqc abkiiceocq feaisdc0 igeo(tc|h ked qsddce aifhktc

abkeoc= crt|chc ~gzc|tv= fejcatfgsq dfqckqc fe k oiglkifqfeo

wg|id= oiglki dchgo|k~bfa abkeoc= s|lke o|gwtb= lfgdfzc|qftv

igqq ked cagqvqtch jseatfgefeo) ked tbc qsqtkfeklic sqc gj

acke q~kac ked ftq |cqgs|acq% Tbc hkfe gl`catfzc gj tbfq

q~cafkifqktfge fq tg ofzc qtsdcetq feqfobtq fetg tbc ~|feaf~icq gj

gzc|ekeac) qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet ked qafcetfa tbcg|fcq)

lv sedc|qtkedfeo tbc abkiiceocq) tbc ageqt|kfetq ked tbc

fetc|katfgeq gj kakdchfa dceftfgeq) dcafqfge(hkmfeo tggiq

ked ~|katfacq% Tbc q~cafkifqktfge lsfidq ge ke sedc|qtkedfeo gjgzc|ekeac ked qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet kq k ag(czgistfgek|v)

kdk~tfzc ~|gacqq tbkt eccdq tg ~c|hcktc bshke qgafctfcq ked

tbc ekts|ki cezf|gehcet% Tbc ch~bkqfq fq ge cr~ikfefeo ked

sqfeo tbc ocec|fa) agh~icr ked) lv dceftfge) crflic tc|hf(

egigov gj qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet% Kttcetfge fq ofzce tg tbc

~|gacqqcq gj fetc|ektfgeki "cezf|gehcetki& ~giftfaq) tbc |gic gj

EOGq ked tbc afzfi qgafctv% K sef{sc jckts|c gj tbc ags|qc fq ftq

fetc|dfqaf~ifek|v ag|c) wbfab ~|gzfdcq qtsdcetq wftb k l|gkd

ked fetco|ktcd sedc|qtkedfeo gj qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet%

Ft dfjjc|q j|gh gtbc| ~|go|khhcq |ciktcd tg qsqtkfeklic dczci(

~hcet fe ftq agzc|koc gj qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet egt geiv

j|gh ke cagigofaki ~c|q~catfzc) lst kiqg j|gh qgafki) cageghfa

ked feqtftstfgeki ~gfet gj zfcwq%

^|go|khhc gzc|zfcw

qtked tbc icoki fqqscq k|fqfeo j|gh tbc sqc gj fetciicatski

~|g~c|tv ikw% Tbfq ags|qc wfii ~|gzfdc ke fet|gdsatfge tg

fetc|ektfgeki fetciicatski ~|g~c|tv ked ~gifav fqqscq feaisdfeo

tbcf| ageecatfge wftb cjjg|tq tg j|cc wg|id t|kdc "_TG& ked

|cofgeki fetco|ktfge) qsab kq tbc Cs|g~cke Sefge) EKJTK) ked

KQCKE) tg a|cktc ke fetc|eki hk|mct wftb k iczci ~ikvfeo cid

jg| tbc ~|gtcatfge gj fetciicatski ~|g~c|tv) cageghfa dczcig~(

hcet fe feegzktfge ked a|cktfzftv% Tbc ags|qc wfii ~|gzfdc ke

gzc|zfcw gj qslqtketfzc ked ~|gacds|ki hkttc|q) kq wcii kq

fetc|ektfgeki glifoktfgeq ked cageghfa ked ~gifav {scqtfgeq

fezgizfeo fetciicatski ~|g~c|tv ka{sfqftfge) cejg|achcet kedcr~igftktfge% Dfzc|ofeo ~c|q~catfzcq ge tg~faq |keofeo j|gh

tbc ~|gtcatfge gj t|kdftfgeki megwicdoc ked jgimig|c tg bfob

tcabegigov wfii kiqg lc kdd|cqqcd%

Fetc|ektfgeki Dczcig~hcet Ikw

Tbfq ags|qc iggmq kt tbc |ciktfgeqbf~ lctwcce ikw ked fetc|(

ektfgeki dczcig~hcet) wbfab egwkdkvq kiqg feaisdcq k jgasq

ge bshke dczcig~hcet% Tbc ageac~t gj bshke dczcig~hcet

bkq cageghfa ked cezf|gehcetki fh~ifaktfgeq) kq wcii kq

bshke |fobtq ageac|eq% Ageqc{scet abkeocq fe tbc fetc|(

ektfgeki k~~|gkab tg tbc ~|glichq jkacd lv dczcig~feo qtktcq

bkzc |cqsitcd fe |cecwcd fetc|cqt fe tbc k~~ifaktfge gj \sic gj

Ikw ked fe k qfoefaket |czfqfge fe tbc jgasq gj tbc fetc|ek(

tfgeki |cosiktg|v j|khcwg|m wbfab kdd|cqqcq dczcig~hcet

fqqscq% Sqfeo k ~|glich lkqcd k~~|gkab) wc kekivqc tbc

k~~ifaktfge gj ikw kt tbc fetc|ektfgeki ked dghcqtfa iczciq tg

bshke dczcig~hcet fe g|dc| tg kdd|cqq tbc fqqscq jkacd lv

dczcig~feo agset|fcq ked tbc fetc|ektfgeki |cq~geqc% Qgs|acq

k|c sqcd j|gh ka|gqq tbc wg|id) |c~|cqcetfeo agefatfeo

~c|q~catfzcq ge tbc |gic gj ikw fe dczcig~hcet%

Q~cafkifqktfge Qsqtkfeklic Dczcig~hcet

Qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet fq k jsedkhcetki cichcet gj hgdc|e

~gifavhkmfeo% Hkev abkiiceocq |ciktcd tg oiglki bshke katfzf(

Tbcqfq

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Jcl|sk|v Fet|gdsatfge tg Qsqtkfeklic Dczcig~hcet

Hk|ab Ogzc|ekeac jg| Qsqtkfeklic Dczcig~hcet0

Ageac~tq ked ^|katfac

K~|fi(Hkv Qsqtkfeklfiftv fe k Oiglkifqfeo _g|id

Hkv(@sec Fetco|ktcd Kqqcqqhcet

@siv(Ksosqt Tbcqfq _|ftfeo

Caskdg| fq k bfobiv seqtklic ked zsiec|klic agset|v%

_ftb ftq ocgo|k~bfaki igaktfge) tbc agset|v fq gjtce kjjcat(

cd lv zgiakefa katfzftv) ggdq ked ak~|fafgsq ck|tb{skmcq%

Feqtckd gj fezcqtfeo fe qsqtkfeklic) |fqm(hkekochcet ~gif(

afcq) tbc ogzc|ehcet fq geiv jgiigwfeo ke chc|oceav ~ike)

ked iggmfeo geiv kt tbc cageghfa kq~catq gj hgqt ~|gl(

ichq% F wkq wg|mfeo fe tbc ~slifa qcatg| jg| qczce vck|q jg|

tbc Hfefqt|v gj Cageghfaq ked Jfekeac% Kq tbc jgasq gj hv

wg|m wkq ~|fhk|fiv ge cageghfaq) F dcafdcd tbkt fe g|dc|

tg ~|g~c|iv dcqfoe qsqtkfeklic ~gifafcq) F eccdcd tg dcc~ce

hv megwicdoc ge ~slifa ~gifav fqqscq% F bck|d klgst

tbc Qabggi ked ftq hsitfdfqaf~ifek|v k~~|gkab tb|gsob

k o|kdsktc% Tbfq hsitfdfqaf~ifek|v k~~|gkab fq ~|cafqciv

wbkt ktt|katcd hc tg tbc ~|go|khhc fe ^slifa ^gifav

ked Bshke Dczcig~hcet0 k ~|go|khhc tbkt tggm fetg

kaagset egt geiv tbc cageghfa qfdc gj dczcig~feo ~gifafcq)

lst kiqg tbc qgafki) asits|ki ked icofqiktfzc kq~cat%

Dfcog Hk|tecp Cabczc||k "Caskdg|&

H^^ O|kdsktc >?

Qcaged Df|catg|) Qgafki ^|gtcatfge ^|go|khhc)

Hfefqt|v gj Cageghfa ked Qgafki Feaisqfge) Caskdg|

Tbc geiv wkv tg hkmc k dfjjc|ceac

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F wkq dcifobtcd tg q~ced k wccm kt tbc Qabggi gj

Ogzc|ekeac ck|ifc| tbfq vck| tg mfam gjj k hkqtc|q hgdsic

ge Hfo|ktfge Qtsdfcq) fe wbfab F ch~bkqfqcd bgw fetc(

o|ktcd fetc|ektfgeki hfo|ktfge fq fe tbc oiglki cageghv)

kq wcii kq ftq |fqfeo fh~g|tkeac ge ektfgeki qcas|ftv

kocedkq) ked fe jg|ofeo ecw qgafctfcq% ^slifa ~gifav

kekivqfq ge fetc|ektfgeki hfo|ktfge fq a|ftfaki ( tgg gjtce~gifafcq k|c hkdc fe |cq~geqc tg ~slifa ~|cqqs|c |ktbc|

tbke ge tbc lkqfq gj qgsed ch~f|faki czfdceac) ked tbcv

gjtce bkzc sefetcedcd ageqc{sceacq tg tbc dct|fhcet

gj qgafctv ked hfo|ketq tbchqcizcq% F wciaghc tbc

dcafqfge lv tbc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac tg jgasq tckabfeo

ked |cqck|ab ge ~slifa ~gifav fe fetc|ektfgeki hfo|ktfge)

ked F wkq zc|v fh~|cqqcd lv tbc iczci gj ceokochcet lv

tbc hkqtc|q qtsdcetq kt tbc Qabggi%

D|% Mbkifd Mgqc| "SQK&Acet|c jg| Qcas|ftv ^gifav) Oceczk) Qwftpc|iked

ked Jg|cfoe gifav Qtsdfcq kt tbc L|ggmfeoq Feqtftstfge

Fetc|ektfgeki hfo|ktfge gj |fqfeo fh~g|tkeac

;3

Fet|gdsatfge tg Qsqtkfeklic Dczcig~hcet

aag|dfeo tg tbc L|sedtiked |c~g|t) qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet

fq dczcig~hcet tbkt hcctq tbc eccdq gj tbc ~|cqcet wftbgst

agh~|ghfqfeo tbc klfiftv gj jsts|c ocec|ktfgeq tg hcct tbcf|

we eccdq% Lst wbkt dgcq tbfq hcke fe |ckiftv jg| ~gifav(

kmc|q7 Tbc ageac~t gj qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet bkq

caghc gec gj tbc mcv ~gifav abkiiceocq jkafeo tbc ~ikect%

abfczfeo qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet |c{sf|cq sedc|qtkedfeo

tbkt fekatfge bkq ageqc{sceacq) ked tbkt wc hsqt ed feeg(

ktfzc wkvq tg dcki wftb tbc fh~g|tket cageghfa) qgafki ked

cagigofaki t|kdc(gjjq fezgizcd% Tbfq ags|qc ofzcq ke fet|gdsa(

tfge tg tbc ageac~t gj qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet) tbc dfjjc|cet

c|q~catfzcq fezgizcd ked ftq fh~ifaktfgeq jg| ~gifavhkmfeo%

gzc|ekeac jg| Qsqtkfeklic Dczcig~hcet0Ageac~tq ked |katfac

h~ichcetfeo qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet |c{sf|cq |cageafifeo

cagigofaki) cageghfa ked qgafki qvqtchq kq tbc qigw dvekhfaq

j hkev cagqvqtchq) tbc dkfiv eccd tg ocec|ktc feaghc) ked

tbc igeo(tc|h kq~f|ktfgeq gj qgafctfcq tced tg agefat wftb

ckab gtbc|% Oggd ogzc|ekeac ~ikvq ke fh~g|tket |gic fe tbfq

|gacqq% Tg lc cjjcatfzc) fetc|ektfgeki ko|cchcetq eccd tg lc

fh~ichcetcd fe ektfgeki ked igaki ~gifafcq) katfgeq ked hfed(

qctq% Tbfq ags|qc ~|gzfdcq k ogzc|ekeac ~c|q~catfzc ge qsq(

tkfeklic dczcig~hcet% Ogzc|ekeac ~|katfacq k|c crkhfecd

e ke fetc|ektfgeki) ektfgeki) ked igaki iczci wftb ch~bkqfqe tbc fqqscq gj ~gwc|) ~|gacqq ked cejg|achcet% Qtsdcetq

ck|e tbkt tbc|c k|c ik|oc dfjjc|ceacq lctwcce fetc|ektfgeki)

ktfgeki ked igaki ogzc|ekeac k|cekq fe tc|hq gj qtkmcbgidc|

fezgizchcet ked |ciczket t|kdc(gjjq%

Qsqtkfeklfiftv fe k Oiglkifqfeo _g|id

Gec gj tbc |cqsitq gj oiglkifqktfge fq k |keoc gj seqsqtkfeklic

t|cedq fe tbc ekts|ki ked qgafki cezf|gehcet% Aifhktc abkeoc)

gqq gj lfgdfzc|qftv) oiglki bckitb ~|glichq) ked jggd feqcas(

ftv k|c sqt k jcw crkh~icq gj tgdkvq wg|idwfdc ageac|eq%

kqcd ge tbcqc t|cedq wc hsqt kqm gs|qcizcq tbc {scqtfge0

gw qsqtkfeklic fq tbc as||cet t|ced fe oiglkifqktfge7 Tg lc

klic tg keqwc| tbfq {scqtfge) k oggd sedc|qtkedfeo gj tbc

edc|ivfeo dvekhfaq gj oiglkifqktfge fq eccdcd% Tbfq ags|qc

|gzfdcq tbkt megwicdoc) lv dcc~cefeo tbc sedc|qtkedfeo

j tbc ekts|c) tbc ~|gacqqcq ked tbc ~gtcetfki fh~katq gj

iglkifqktfge% Q~cafki kttcetfge fq ofzce tg tbc fh~ifaktfgeq

j oiglkifqktfge jg| qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet%

etco|ktcd Kqqcqqhcet

Qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet ~|glichq k|c qg agh~icr tbkt tbcv

ake eg igeoc| lc qgizcd lv keqwc|q gjjc|cd lv k qfeoic qafce(

fa dfqaf~ifec% Fetco|ktcd qgistfgeq k|c eccdcd tg keqwc| tbc

as||cet abkiiceocq% Tbc dfqaf~ifec gj fetco|ktcd kqqcqqhcet

|gzfdcq qtsdcetq wftb k eshlc| gj tggiq% Tbcqc tggiq akeci~ tg qt|sats|c cichcetq j|gh zk|fgsq qafcetfa dfqaf~ifecq

fe qsab k hkeec| tbkt kii |ciczket kq~catq gj k agh~icr ~|gl(

ch k|c ageqfdc|cd fe tbc dcafqfge(hkmfeo ~|gacqq% Tbc tggiq

ksobt fe tbfq ags|qc feaisdc ~k|tfaf~ktg|v hctbgdq) hgdci(

feo) qacek|fg kekivqfq ked fedfaktg| kekivqfq% Tbfq ags|qc

fet|gdsacq qtsdcetq tg tbc ecw qafcetfa dfqaf~ifec gj fetc(

|ktcd kqqcqqhcet) ka{skfetq tbch wftb fetco|ktcd kqqcqq(

cet hctbgdgigofcq ked dchgeqt|ktcq bgw tbcqc ake bci~

fe edfeo ~gifav |cq~geqcq tg tbc abkiiceocq g|fofektfeo j|gh

bc eccd jg| qsqtkfeklic dczcig~hcet%

Q~cafkifqktfge Hfo|ktfge Qtsdfcq

Hfo|ktfge fq k o|gwfeo ~bceghcege tbkt bkq okfecd fh~g|(

keac fe tbc ~slifa dclktc ge dczcig~hcet) wcijk|c ked fhhf(

|ktfge ~gifav% Kaag|dfeo tg tbc Fetc|ektfgeki G|okefqktfge jg|

Hfo|ktfge) tbc|c k|c ke cqtfhktcd ;6; hfiifge fetc|ektfgeki

fo|ketq wg|idwfdc) ageqtftstfeo 1# gj tbc wg|id ~g~siktfge

>3&% \chfttkeac t|keqjc|q "tbc hgecv tbkt hfo|ketq qced

kam tg tbcf| bghc agset|fcq& as||cetiv khgset tg k~~|grf(

ktciv $1>> lfiifge) qs|~kqqfeo jg|cfoe df|cat fezcqthcet ked

jafki dczcig~hcet kfd fe hkev agset|fcq k|gsed tbc wg|id%

Hfo|ktfge fq k aget|gzc|qfki tg~fa fe tbc fetc|ektfgeki ked

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ektfgeki ~gifav k|cek ked tbc cjjcatq gj hfo|ktfge ge

hfo|ketq) tbcf| jkhfifcq ked aghhseftfcq fe tbc bgqt ked

g|fofe agset|v eccd tg lc qtsdfcd ak|cjsiiv% _bfic tbc hkqq

hcdfk gjtce jgasq ge k jcw q~catkasik|iv ~|glichktfa fetc(

o|ktfge akqcq) tbc ags|qcq fe tbfq q~cafkifqktfge qtsdv tbc mcv

fqqscq fe dc~tb ked wftb qafcetfa |fogs|% Tbfq q~cafkifqktfge

agh~|fqcq jgs| ags|qcq tbkt fet|gdsac qtsdcetq tg tbc cqqce(

tfki agh~gecetq gj hfo|ktfge qtsdfcq feaisdfeo t|cedq) tbcg(

|fcq) aksqcq ked cjjcatq) ked kiqg hfo|ktfge ~gifav% Qtsdcetq

wfii bkzc tbc g~~g|tseftv tg cr~ig|c tbc k|ck gj hfo|ktfge

qtsdfcq lv tkmfeo ags|qcq wftb k l|gkd ~c|q~catfzc ge tbc

~|czkfifeo tbcg|v ked ~|katfac% ^k|tfasik| ch~bkqfq fq ~st ge

~|katfaki cid wg|m% Tbc q~cafkifqktfge Hfo|ktfge Qtsdfcq

t|kfeq qtsdcetq jg| tbc fetc|ektfgeki iklgs| hk|mct kq ~gifav

kdzfqg|q) ~|katftfgec|q) |cqck|abc|q) cta% wg|mfeo jg| ogzc|e(

hcetq) fetc|ektfgeki g|okefqktfgeq g| kakdchfa feqtftstfgeq%

^|go|khhc gzc|zfcw

Fet|gdsatfge tg Hfo|ktfge Qtsdfcq

_bkt |ckiiv hgtfzktcq ~cg~ic tg hfo|ktc7 Tbfq ags|qc ofzcq

ke fet|gdsatfge fetg tbc cid gj hfo|ktfge qtsdfcq% |c~k|feo

qtsdcetq jg| tbc hg|c jgasqcd ags|qcq tbkt wfii jgiigw= tbc

fet|gdsatfge agzc|q qsab tg~faq kq tbc katski gwq ked t|cedq

fe hfo|ktfge ked |chfttkeacq= dchgo|k~bv ked bfqtg|faki

dczcig~hcetq= tbcg|fcq gj hfo|ktfge j|gh dfjjc|cet dfqaf(

~ifecq qsab kq cageghfaq ked qgafgigov= dfjjc|cet tv~cq gj

hfo|ketq ked ocec|ktfgeki fqqscq= ked ke fet|gdsatfge tg

agh~k|ktfzc hfo|ktfge qtsdfcq%

Hfo|ktfge ked \chfttkeac Cjjcatq

Fq hfo|ktfge oggd g| lkd jg| tbc hfo|ket |cacfzfeo agset|v

ked wbkt cjjcatq dgcq ft bkzc ge tbc qcedfeo agset|v7 _bkt

klgst tbc hgecv qcet lv hfo|ketq lkam tg tbcf| bghc agse(

t|fcq7 Dgcq tbfq bkzc geiv ~gqftfzc cjjcatq7 Tbcqc k|c qghc gj

tbc fqqscq tbkt k|c tgsabcd ge fe tbfq ags|qc% Q~cafki kttce(

tfge fq ~kfd tg iklgs| hk|mct fqqscq fe tbc |cacfzfeo agset|v

ked dczcig~hcet fqqscq fe tbc qcedfeo agset|v%

K~~ifcd Hfo|ktfge Qtsdfcq

Tbfq ags|qc kfhq tg ofzc k ~|katfaki tkqtc gj wbkt ft fq ifmc tg

;: Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac y ;>

wg|m fe tbc k|ck gj hfo|ktfge qtsdfcq) agiicatfeo ked kekivq(

feo dktk% Tbc ags|qc agh~|fqcq k qc|fcq gj wg|mqbg~q jgasqfeo

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@siv(Ksosqt Tbcqfq _|ftfeo

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Cageghfa Kekivqfq gj Bckitbak|c Qvqtchq

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K~~ifaktfge ked kdhfqqfgeq0 hkqtc|q ~|go|khhc

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k|tfaf~ktc fe tbc ^bD ~|go|khhc% _c k|c iggmfeo jg| jciigwq

ftb k hkqtc|q dco|cc) k qt|geo kakdchfa |cag|d) ~|gjcqqfgeki

| zgisetcc| cr~c|fceac) kjifktfge wftb kakdchfa |cqck|ab

ked k q~cafki fetc|cqt fe ogzc|ekeac ked qgafki ~|gtcatfge

gifav% Tbc as||cet jciigwq aghc j|gh kii gzc| tbc wg|id% Tbcv

kzc k hsitfdfqaf~ifek|v lkamo|gsed) wftb hkqtc|q dco|ccq fecageghfa ~gifav) qgafki qafceacq g| ~giftfaki qafceac% Tbc ~|g(

|khhc fq kd`sqtcd tg agh~ichcet tbc zk|fgsq lkamo|gsedq%

Dco|cc

jtc| qsaacqqjsiiv efqbfeo tbc ~|go|khhc) jciigwq wfii bkzc

ked'g| |cacfzc0

K ac|tfaktc age|hfeo ~k|tfaf~ktfge fe ked agh~ictfge gj

tbc ags|qc ~|go|khhc

K eshlc| gj k|tfaicq qslhfttcd) kaac~tcd ked'g| ~slifqbcd

fe |cjc|ccd qafcetfa `gs|ekiq

K bD tbcqfq fe ~|fetcd lggm jg|hktK bD dco|cc) s~ge qsaacqqjsi qslhfqqfge ked dcjceac gj

tbc dfqqc|tktfge

^bD ~|go|khhcq

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Vck| ; Qc~tchlc|( Lkqfa ags|qc ~|go|khhc wftb

Qchcqtc| gec Dcachlc| k jgasq ge |cqck|ab hctbgdq=

Dczcig~hcet gj |cqck|ab

~|g~gqkiq) jkafiftktcd lv ke

kdzkeacd |cqck|ab hctbgdq aikqq)

ked lf(wccmiv |cqck|ab tstg|fkiq

@kesk|v Qmfiiq0 |cqck|ab ked kakdchfa

qmfiiq t|kfefeo

Vck| ; Jcl|sk|v(K~|fi Lkqfa ags|qc ~|go|khhc0

Qchcqtc| twg q~cafkifqktfge ags|qcq

\cqck|ab ~|g~gqki w|ftfeo

Hkv(Ksosqt \cqck|ab ~|g~gqki ~|cqcetktfge

ked |cqck|ab tfhc

Vck| Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac y ;>

^bD ^|go|khhc fe ^slifa ^gifav

* ^gifav Kekivqfq "^^^K&

Tbc ^bD ~|go|khhc fe ^slifa ^gifav ked ^gifav Kekivqfq t|kfeq

|cqck|abc|q fe ogzc|ekeac) ~slifa ked qgafki ~gifav) ked qgafki

~|gtcatfge ~gifav% Lv ~ggifeo tbc |cqgs|acq gj tg~ oiglki

|cqck|ab feqtftstcq) tbc jciigwq okfe k hsitfdfqaf~ifek|v

~c|q~catfzc% Tbc qs~~g|tfeo feqtftstcq k|c g|okefqcd fe k

ectwg|m tbkt ~|gzfdcq tbc bD jciigwq wftb kdzkeacd

t|kfefeo hgdsicq) fedfzfdski |cqck|ab kdzfac) feegzktfzc

tbfem(tkem katfzftfcq) kakdchfa agseqciifeo ked qs~c|zfqfge%

Tbc ~|go|khhc t|kfeq cr~c|tq wbg lcaghc k ~fzgtki cichcet

fe ektfgeki ked fetc|ektfgeki qgafki ogzc|ekeac jgasqcd ge

hkmfeo qvqtchq cageghfakiiv) ekeafkiiv ked qgafkiiv hg|c

qsqtkfeklic% Tbc hkfe gl`catfzc gj tbc ~|go|khhc fq tg a|cktc

k a|ftfaki hkqq gj |cqck|abc|q klic tg ~|gzfdc kdzfac lkqcd geqgsed |cqck|ab% Tbc Qabggi gj Ogzc|ekeac lcifczcq tbkt tbc

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tckab tbch bgw tg aghhsefaktc tbcf| megwicdoc lcqt%

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ek|v lkamo|gsedq j|gh ickdfeo feqtftstcq ka|gqq tbc wg|id ked

~|katftfgec|q j|gh ~gifav g|fcetcd g|okefqktfgeq fe g|dc| tg

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tg ~gifav |ciczket |cqck|ab gstaghcq% Ickdfeo qabgik|q fe tbc

cid gj ogzc|ekeac ked ~gifav kekivqfq j|gh sefzc|qftfcq gj)khgeoqt gtbc|q) Lk|acigek) Lktb) Ifoc) Hkkqt|fabt) Tgsigsqc)

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tbchcq tbc qabggi jgasqcq ge% Tbc jciigwq ~k|tfaf~ktc fe

|cqck|ab aghhseftfcq wftb gtbc| jciigwq j|gh dfjjc|cet

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kt ke fedfzfdski iczci fe g|dc| tg kdk~t tg tbc qmfiiq ked

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Ke fetc|ektfgeki zfqftfeo |cqck|ab jciigw ~gqftfge gj :(;>> aifcetq ked ege(aifcetq gj tbc g|okefqktfge F kh agiiklg(|ktfeo wftb% O|gsedwg|m ( octtfeo ka{skfetcd wftb tbc g|okefqktfge) ftq wg|m)

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|cqck|ab feqtftstcq) ked qtktfqtfaki gjacq% Kii gj wbfab dfjjc| qslqtketfkiiv j|gh

wbkt gec wgsid fhkofec qsab t|f~q tg lc ifmc% Tbfq qtk|tq wftb t|keq~g|t) |ftskiq)

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dcqm% Jg| hc tbfq dcqm wkq gjtce egt igaktcd kt Qabggi) lst fe tbc feqtftstc gj

hv qs~c|zfqg| fe Igedge% Tbc bD ~|go|khhc fq k |ciktfzciv qbg|t ked fetceqc

tfhc) wbfab fh~ifcq) kq hcetfgecd fe tbc lcofeefeo) tbkt ft fq gjtce qfh~iv k igt

gj bk|d wg|m% Lst egt geiv lcaksqc ft fq gecq gwe wg|m) lst kiqg qfeac vgs k|c fe

tbc qkhc lgkt wftb hkev fetc|cqtfeo ~cg~ic "katskiiv F jcci lkd qkvfeo ~cg~ic

( ofzce tbc jkat tbkt tbcv lcakhc hv j|fcedq&) ft fq wg|tb czc|v hfestc gj ft% F

qsaacqqjsiiv efqbcd ked dcjcedcd hv dfqqc|tktfge fe q~|feo >6 ked qtk|tcd k

ecw `gl fe tbc SM% Lst tbc Qabggi |chkfeq k bghc kwkv j|gh bghc ked F bkzco|ckt hchg|fcq gj hv bD tfhc bc|c%

L|fttk Ksoqls|o "Oc|hkev&

^bD jciigw >3(>6

\cqck|ab Cageghfqt) Feqtftstc jg| Jfqaki Qtsdfcq) Seftcd Mfeodgh

Dski Ak|cc| ^bD ^|go|khhc fe

Ogzc|ekeac ked ^gifav Kekivqfq

"O^KA

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Vck| ; Hk|ab Lkqfa ags|qc ;0Hgdsic Lkqfa \cqck|ab Hctbgdq

"< wccmq& Lkqfa ags|qc

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K~~ifaktfge ked kdhfqqfge0 bD ~|go|khhcq

Fj vgs hcct tbc kdhfqqfge |c{sf|chcetq jg| tbc ^bD ~|go|khhcq)

vgs eccd tg qslhft ke k~~ifaktfge jg|h) wbfab fq kzkfiklic geifec%

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k~~ifaktfge jg|hq jg| tbc ^bD ~|go|khhcq k|c kzkfiklic geifec

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^bD ~|go|khhcq 5 K~~ifaktfge ked kdhfqqfge&%

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qafceacq) lsqfecqq kdhfefqt|ktfge) bckitb qafceacq g| ~slifa bckitb

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|czfcwfeo tbc agetcet ked o|kdcq gj ~|czfgsq qtsdfcq ked'g| tbc

agetcet ked iczci gj wg|mfeo cr~c|fceac

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g| ikw (hckqs|cd lv |czfcwfeo tbc agetcet ked o|kdcq gj ~|czfgsq

qtsdfcq ked'g| tbc agetcet ked iczci gj wg|mfeo cr~c|fceac ^|gafceav fe Ceoifqb= tbc hfefhsh iczci kaac~tcd fq :>> ^LT)

;>> FAT g| ALT "TGCJI& g| ?%> "FCITQ&

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dgashcetq eccd tg lc ~|gzfdcd dfoftkiiv) gjafki dgashcetq eccd tg

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ch~igvc|q%

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q~cafa |cqck|ab agqtq) t|kzci agqtq ked kaaghhgdktfge%

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Jg| tbc ^^^K ~|go|khhc) qtk|tfeo ; Qc~tchlc|0 ; Jcl|sk|v czc|v vck|

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c(hkfi sq kt fejg(ogzc|ekeacNhkkqt|fabtsefzc|qftv%ei

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6 ked ;>%

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kakdchfaq tbc g~~g|tseftv tg s~dktc tbcf| megwicdoc gj k q~c(

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ke kakdchfa ked |cqck|ab(lkqcd k~~|gkab wftbfe k qchfek|

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SEFACJ fq dcifobtcd wftb tbc qsaacqq ked fh~kat gj tbfq ~k|tec|qbf~

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:

Qfeac ftq cqtklifqbhcet) tbc Hkkqt|fabt O|kdsktc Qabggi gj

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|cqck|ab jciigwq ked tbc qcefg| |cqck|ab qtkjj k|c kiqg

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